Ndakhala ndikuchita makina kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo ndakonza zosiyanasiyanamakina opanga zigawo, kutembenuza magawondimpherokudzera zida zamakina a CNC ndi zida zolondola. Nthawi zonse pamakhala gawo limodzi lofunikira, ndipo ndilo wononga.
Zochita za ma bolts zolumikizira kapangidwe kazitsulo zimagawidwa m'makalasi opitilira 10 monga 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, pomwe mabawuti a giredi 8.8 ndi pamwambapa amapangidwa ndi otsika- zitsulo za carbon alloy kapena medium-carbon steel ndipo zakhala zikutenthedwa (kuzimitsa, kutentha), zomwe zimadziwika kuti ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zina zonse zimatchulidwa kuti mabawuti wamba. Cholembera cha kalasi ya bawuti chimakhala ndi magawo awiri a manambala, omwe motsatana amayimira kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwazinthu za bawuti. Mwachitsanzo:
Tanthauzo la ma bolts okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito 4.6 ndi:
Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya bawuti imafika 400MPa;
Chiwerengero cha zokolola za bawuti ndi 0,6;
Mphamvu zokolola mwadzina za bawuti zimafika pamlingo wa 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa.
Magwiridwe kalasi 10.9 mkulu-mphamvu mabawuti, pambuyo kutentha mankhwala, akhoza kufika:
Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya bawuti imafika 1000MPa;
Chiwerengero cha zokolola za bawuti ndi 0,9;
Mphamvu yotulutsa mwadzina ya bawuti imafika pamlingo wa 1000 × 0.9 = 900MPa.
Tanthauzo la kalasi ya bolt ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Maboti a kalasi yofananira yogwira ntchito amakhala ndi ntchito yofanana mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwa zida zawo ndi zoyambira. Gawo la magwiridwe antchito okha ndi omwe angasankhidwe kuti apangidwe.
Zomwe zimatchedwa 8.8 ndi 10.9 mphamvu zamakalasi zimatanthawuza kuti kumeta ubweya wa ma bolts ndi 8.8GPa ndi 10.9GPa
8.8 Mwadzina wamakokedwe mphamvu 800N/MM2 Mwadzina zokolola mphamvu 640N/MM2
Mabawuti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito “XY” kusonyeza mphamvu, X*100=mphamvu yolimba ya bawuti iyi, X*100*(Y/10)=kuchuluka kwa bawuti iyi (chifukwa molingana ndi lebulo: kutulutsa mphamvu/kulimba kwamphamvu =Y/ 10)
Monga giredi 4.8, kulimba kwa bawuti iyi ndi: 400MPa; mphamvu zokolola ndi: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Chinanso: mabawuti osapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti A4-70, A2-70, tanthauzo lake limafotokozedwa mosiyana.
kuyeza
Padziko lonse lapansi pali mitundu iwiri yoyezera utali, imodzi ndi ma metric system, ndipo miyeso ndi mita (m), centimeter (cm), millimeters (mm), etc., yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Southeast Asia. monga Europe, dziko langa, ndi Japan, ndipo ina ndi metric system. Mtunduwo ndi dongosolo lachifumu, ndipo gawo la kuyeza ndi mainchesi, lomwe liri lofanana ndi dongosolo lakale m'dziko langa, ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States, United Kingdom ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya ndi America.
Muyeso wa metric: (decimal system) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Muyeso wa inchi: (octal system) 1 inchi = 8 mainchesi 1 inchi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
1/4 mwazinthu zotsatirazi zimagwiritsa ntchito manambala kuyimira ma diameter awo, monga: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#
ulusi
Ulusi ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a helical pagawo lolimba lakunja kapena mkati. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso ntchito zake, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Ulusi Wamba: Maonekedwe a dzino ndi a katatu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza kapena kulumikiza mbali zina. Ulusi wamba amagawidwa kukhala ulusi wokhuthala komanso wabwino molingana ndi phula, ndipo mphamvu yolumikizira ya ulusi wabwino ndi yapamwamba.
Ulusi wotumizira: Mawonekedwe a dzino amaphatikizapo trapezoidal, rectangular, macheka-mawonekedwe ndi katatu.
Ulusi wosindikiza: womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza, makamaka ulusi wa chitoliro, ulusi wa tapered ndi ulusi wa chitoliro.
Zosankhidwa ndi mawonekedwe:
Thread fit grade
Kukwanira kwa ulusi ndi kuchuluka kwa kumasuka kapena kulimba pakati pa ulusi wopindika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukwanira ndiko kuphatikizika kwapatuko ndi kulolerana komwe kumachitika mkati ndi kunja kwa ulusi.
1. Kwa ulusi wogwirizana wa inchi, pali magulu atatu a ulusi wa ulusi wakunja: 1A, 2A ndi 3A, ndi magiredi atatu a ulusi wamkati: 1B, 2B ndi 3B, zonse zomwe ndi zovomerezeka. Nambala ya girediyo ikakwera, m'pamenenso imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Mu ulusi wa inchi, kupatuka kumangonena giredi 1A ndi 2A, kupatuka kwa giredi 3A ndi ziro, ndipo kupatuka kwa giredi 1A ndi giredi 2A ndikofanana. Kuchuluka kwa magiredi, kumachepetsa kulolerana.
Makalasi 1A ndi 1B, makalasi olekerera kwambiri, omwe ali oyenera kulolerana kwa ulusi wamkati ndi kunja.
Makalasi 2A ndi 2B ndiye makalasi olekerera ulusi wodziwika bwino omwe amaperekedwa kwa zomangira zamakina.
Kalasi 3A ndi 3B, zomangika kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri, zoyenera zomangira zolimba, komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo.
Kwa ulusi wakunja, magiredi 1A ndi 2A ali ndi kulekerera koyenera, kalasi 3A alibe. Kulekerera kwa Class 1A ndi 50% yayikulu kuposa kulekerera kwa Class 2A, 75% yayikulu kuposa kulekerera kwa Class 3A, ndipo kulekerera kwa Class 2B ndi 30% yayikulu kuposa kulekerera kwa Class 2A kwa ulusi wamkati. Kalasi 1B ndi 50% yokulirapo kuposa Kalasi 2B ndi 75% yokulirapo kuposa Kalasi 3B.
2. Pa ulusi wa metric, pali magulu atatu a ulusi wa ulusi wakunja: 4h, 6h ndi 6g, ndi magulu atatu a ulusi wa ulusi wamkati: 5H, 6H, ndi 7H. (Magiredi olondola a ulusi wa ku Japan amagawidwa m'magiredi atatu: I, II, ndi III, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala giredi II.) Mu ulusi wa metric, kupatuka koyambira kwa H ndi H ndi ziro. Kupatuka koyambira kwa G ndikobwino, ndipo kupatuka koyambira kwa e, f ndi g ndikolakwika.
H ndiye malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polekerera ulusi wamkati, ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira pamwamba, kapena wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri wa phosphating amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupatuka koyambira kwa malo a G kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera, monga zokutira zokulirapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
g nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika zokutira zopyapyala za 6-9um. Ngati chojambulacho chimafuna bawuti ya 6h, ulusi usanakulungidwe umatenga malo olekerera 6g.
Kukwanira kwa ulusi kumaphatikizidwa bwino kukhala H/g, H/h kapena G/h. Kwa ulusi wa zomangira zoyengedwa monga ma bolts ndi mtedza, muyezo umalimbikitsa kukwanira kwa 6H / 6g.
3. Kulemba ulusi
Magawo akuluakulu a geometric a ulusi wodziwombera komanso kudzipangira okha
1. M'mimba mwake waukulu/m'mimba mwake wa dzino (d1): Ndi m'mimba mwake wa silinda yongoganizira kumene ulusi umayenderana. Ulusi waukulu wa ulusi umayimira m'mimba mwake mwadzina wa kukula kwa ulusi.
2. M'mimba mwake pang'ono/mizu (d2): Ndi m'mimba mwake wa silinda yongoganizira kumene ulusi umagwirizana.
3. Mtunda wa mano (p): Ndi mtunda wa axial pakati pa mano oyandikana ndi mfundo ziwiri zapakati pa meridian. Mu dongosolo lachifumu, mtunda wa dzino umasonyezedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi (25.4mm).
M'munsimu muli mndandanda wazomwe zimadziwika kuti phula la dzino (metric system) ndi kuchuluka kwa mano (imperial system)
1) Metric kudziguguda mano:
Zofotokozera: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Lamulo: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Mano odziguguda okha:
Zofotokozera: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Nambala ya mano: AB mano 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
A mano 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-02-2023