Makinawa akhala akugwira ntchito kwa moyo wonse, kodi 4.4 ndi 8.8 pa bawuti amatanthauza chiyani?

Pambuyo pogwira ntchito ngati makina kwa zaka zambiri, simuyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la zolembera zomangira, sichoncho?

The makalasi ntchito mabawuti zitsulo dongosolo kugwirizana amagawidwa m'makalasi oposa khumi, monga 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, etc. Pakati pawo, kalasi 8.8 ndi pamwamba mabawuti amapangidwa. aloyi wa carbon alloy kapena medium-carbon steel ndipo amatenthedwa ndi kutentha (kuzimitsa, kutentha), komwe amadziwika kuti mabawuti amphamvu kwambiri; ena onse amadziwika kuti mabawuti wamba. Cholembera cha bawuti chimakhala ndi manambala awiri, omwe akuyimira kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa zokolola za bawuti, motsatana.
Maboti a katundu class 4.6 amatanthauza:
Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya bawuti imafika 400MPa;
Chiwerengero cha zokolola za bawuti ndi 0,6;
Mphamvu yotulutsa mwadzina ya bawuti ndi 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa.
Magwiridwe a 10.9 mabawuti amphamvu kwambiri, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, amatha kukwaniritsa:
Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya bawuti imafika 1000MPa;
Chiwerengero cha zokolola za bawuti ndi 0,9;
Mphamvu yotulutsa mwadzina ya bawuti ndi 1000 × 0.9 = 900MPa.

Tanthauzo la kalasi ya bolt ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwa zinthu ndi chiyambi, ma bolts a kalasi yofanana yogwira ntchito ali ndi ntchito yofanana, ndipo giredi lantchito lokha lingasankhidwe pamapangidwewo.
Zomwe zimatchedwa 8.8 ndi 10.9 mphamvu zamakalasi zimatanthawuza kuti kukana kumeta ubweya wa bolt ndi 8.8GPa ndi 10.9GPa
8.8 Mwadzina wamakokedwe mphamvu 800N/MM2 Mwadzina zokolola mphamvu 640N/MM2
Ma bolts ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito "XY" kusonyeza mphamvu, X*100=mphamvu yolimba ya bawuti iyi, X*100*(Y/10)=kuchuluka kwa bawuti iyi (chifukwa molingana ndi malamulo: kutulutsa mphamvu/mphamvu yolimba =Y /10)
Mwachitsanzo, mu giredi 4.8, kulimba kwa bawuti iyi ndi 400MPa; mphamvu zokolola ndi 400*8/10=320MPa.
Chinanso: zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa ngati A4-70 ndi A2-70; tanthauzo lake likufotokozedwa mosiyana.
kuyeza
Pali magawo awiri apakati a kuyeza kutalika padziko lapansi masiku ano: imodzi ndi metric system, ndi unit of measurement meters (m), centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm), etc. Mitunduyi ndi dongosolo lachifumu, ndi gawo la muyeso ndi mainchesi, omwe ndi ofanana ndi inchi yamsika ya dongosolo lakale mdziko langa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States, Britain, ndi mayiko ena aku Europe ndi America.
Muyeso wa metric: (decimal) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Kuyeza kwachifumu: (8 dongosolo) 1 inchi = 8 senti 1 inchi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Zogulitsa zomwe zili pansipa 1/4 zimagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya seriyo kuwonetsa m'mimba mwake, monga: 4 #, zisanu #, zisanu ndi chimodzi #, zisanu ndi ziwiri #, zisanu ndi zitatu #, khumi #, 12#

ulusi
Ulusi ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako a helical pamtanda wa olimba akunja kapena mkati. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso ntchito zake, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Ulusi Wamba: Maonekedwe a dzino ndi a katatu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza kapena kulumikiza mbali zina. Ulusi wamba amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: ulusi wowoneka bwino ndi ulusi wabwino, malinga ndi phula, ndipo mphamvu yolumikizira ya ulusi wabwino ndi yapamwamba.
Ulusi wotumizira: Pali mawonekedwe a trapezoidal, amakona anayi, mawonekedwe a macheka, D, ndi mawonekedwe a mano atatu.
Ulusi wosindikiza: umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza maulalo, makamaka ulusi wa chitoliro, ulusi wa tapered, ndi ulusi wa chitoliro.
Sanjani ndi mawonekedwe:

Thread fit class

Ulusi wokwanira ndi kukula kotayirira kapena kolimba pakati pa ulusi wopindika, ndipo mulingo wokwanira ndi kuphatikiza kwapatukana ndi kulolerana komwe kumachitika mkati ndi kunja kwa ulusi.
1. Pa ulusi wogwirizana wa inchi, pali magulu atatu a ulusi wa ulusi wakunja: 1A, 2A, ndi 3A, ndi zitatu za ulusi wamkati: 1B, 2B, ndi 3B, zonse zomwe ziri zovomerezeka. Nambala yoyezera ikakhala yokwera, m'pamenenso imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Mu ulusi wa inchi, kupatuka kumangotchulidwa kwa giredi 1A ndi 2A, kupatuka kwa giredi 3A ndi ziro, ndipo kupatuka kwa giredi 1A ndi 2A ndikofanana. Kuchuluka kwa milingo, kumachepetsa kulolerana.
Makalasi 1A ndi 1B, makalasi olekerera kwambiri, omwe ali oyenera kulolerana kwa ulusi wamkati ndi kunja.
Magiredi 2A ndi 2B ndi magiredi odziwika kwambiri olekerera ulusi omwe amafotokozedwa pazomangira zamakina-inchi.
Magiredi 3A ndi 3B, olumikizidwa pamodzi kuti agwirizane kwambiri, ndi oyenera zomangira zolimba ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzitetezera.
Kwa ulusi wakunja, magiredi 1A ndi 2A ali ndi kulekerera koyenera; grade 3A alibe. Kulekerera kwa 1A ndi 50% kwakukulu kuposa kulekerera kwa 2A ndi 75% kwakukulu kuposa kulekerera kwa 3A. Kwa ulusi wamkati, kulekerera kwa 2B ndi 30% kwakukulu kuposa kulekerera kwa 2A. Class 1B ndi 50% yayikulu kuposa Class 2B ndi 75% yayikulu kuposa Class 3 B.
2. Ulusi wa Metric: khalani ndi magulu atatu a ulusi wa ulusi wakunja: 4h, 6 h, ndi 6g, ndi zitatu za ulusi wamkati: 5H, 6H, ndi 7H. (Magiredi olondola a ulusi wa ku Japan amagawidwa m'magiredi atatu: I, II, ndi III, nthawi zambiri giredi II.) Mu ulusi wa metric, kupatuka kwakukulu kwa H ndi h ndi ziro. Kupatuka koyambirira kwa G ndikobwino, ndipo kupatuka koyambira kwa e, f, ndi g ndikolakwika.
H ndi malo wololera wamba a ulusi wamkati ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira pamwamba kapena phosphating wosanjikiza amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupatuka koyambirira kwa malo a G kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera, monga zokutira zokhuthala, zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
g nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala zokutira zopyapyala za 6-9um. Mwachitsanzo, chojambulacho chimafuna bawuti ya h sikisi, ndipo ulusi usanayambe plating umagwiritsa ntchito malo olekerera 6g.
Kukwanira kwa ulusi kumaphatikizidwa bwino kukhala H/g, H/h, kapena G/h. Pazingwe zomangirira zoyengedwa bwino monga mabawuti ndi mtedza, muyezo umalimbikitsa 6H/6g.
3. Kulemba ulusi
Magawo akuluakulu a geometric a ulusi wodziwombera komanso kudzipangira okha
1. M'mimba mwake waukulu/m'mimba mwake wa dzino (d1): Ndi m'mimba mwake wolingaliridwa wa cylindrical wa kusanganikirana kwa ulusi. Chigawo choyambirira cha ulusi chimayimira kukula kwake kwa ulusi.
2. M'mimba mwake pang'ono/mizu (d2): M'mimba mwake mwa silinda yongoganizira kumene ulusi umayenderana.
3. Mtunda wa mano (p): mtunda wa axial pakati pa mano oyandikana ndi mfundo ziwiri pa meridian yapakati. Mu dongosolo lachifumu, phula limasonyezedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi (25.4mm).
Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa milingo ya phula (metric) ndi kuchuluka kwa mano (imperial)
1) Metric kudzigunda:
Zofotokozera: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Lamulo: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Kudziwombera pa inchi:
Zofotokozera: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Nambala ya mano: AB mano 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Dzino 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10