Makinawa akhala akugwira ntchito kwa moyo wonse, kodi 4.4 ndi 8.8 pa bawuti amatanthauza chiyani?

Pambuyo pogwira ntchito ngati makina kwa zaka zambiri, simuyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la zolembera zomangira, sichoncho?

The makalasi ntchito mabawuti zitsulo dongosolo kugwirizana amagawidwa m'makalasi oposa 10 monga 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, etc. Pakati pawo, mabawuti a kalasi 8.8 ndi pamwamba amapangidwa. azitsulo za carbon alloy low-carbon alloy steel kapena medium-carbon steel ndipo amatenthedwa (kuzimitsa, kutentha), zomwe zimadziwika kuti ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri, zina zonse zimadziwika kuti mabawuti wamba. Cholembera cha kalasi ya bawuti chimakhala ndi magawo awiri a manambala, omwe amayimira kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa zokolola za bawuti motsatana. Mwachitsanzo:
Maboti a katundu class 4.6 amatanthauza:
Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya bawuti imafika 400MPa;
Chiwerengero cha zokolola za bawuti ndi 0,6;
Mphamvu yotulutsa mwadzina ya bawuti ndi 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa.
Magwiridwe a 10.9 mabawuti amphamvu kwambiri, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, amatha kukwaniritsa:
Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya bawuti imafika 1000MPa;
Chiwerengero cha zokolola za bawuti ndi 0,9;
Mphamvu yotulutsa mwadzina ya bawuti ndi 1000 × 0.9 = 900MPa.

Tanthauzo la kalasi ya bolt ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Maboliti a giredi yofananira, mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwa zinthu ndi koyambira, amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana, ndipo giredi lantchito yokha lingasankhidwe pamapangidwewo.
Zomwe zimatchedwa 8.8 ndi 10.9 mphamvu zamakalasi zimatanthawuza kuti kukana kumeta ubweya wa bolt ndi 8.8GPa ndi 10.9GPa
8.8 Mwadzina wamakokedwe mphamvu 800N/MM2 Mwadzina zokolola mphamvu 640N/MM2
Ma bolts ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito "XY" kusonyeza mphamvu, X*100=mphamvu yolimba ya bawuti iyi, X*100*(Y/10)=kuchuluka kwa bawuti iyi (chifukwa molingana ndi malamulo: kutulutsa mphamvu/mphamvu yolimba =Y /10)
Mwachitsanzo, giredi 4.8, kulimba kwa bawuti iyi ndi: 400MPa; mphamvu zokolola ndi: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Chinanso: mabawuti osapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti A4-70, A2-70, tanthauzo lake limafotokozedwa mosiyana.
kuyeza
Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a kuyeza utali padziko lapansi masiku ano, imodzi ndi metric system, ndipo gawo la kuyeza ndi mita (m), masentimita (cm), mamilimita (mm), ndi zina zotero. Mitunduyo ndi dongosolo lachifumu, ndipo gawo la kuyeza makamaka mainchesi, amene ali ofanana ndi inchi msika wa dongosolo wakale m'dziko langa, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu United States, Britain ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya ndi America.
Muyeso wa metric: (decimal) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Kuyeza kwachifumu: (8 dongosolo) 1 inchi = 8 senti 1 inchi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Zogulitsa zomwe zili pansipa 1/4 zimagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya seriyo kuwonetsa m'mimba mwake kuitana, monga: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#

ulusi
Ulusi ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi yunifolomu ya helical protrusions pamtanda wa olimba akunja kapena mkati. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso ntchito zake, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Ulusi Wamba: Maonekedwe a dzino ndi a katatu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza kapena kulumikiza mbali zina. Ulusi wamba amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: ulusi wokhuthala ndi ulusi wabwino molingana ndi phula, ndipo mphamvu yolumikizira ya ulusi wabwino ndi yapamwamba.
Ulusi wotumizira: Pali mawonekedwe a trapezoidal, amakona anayi, owoneka ngati macheka komanso mawonekedwe a mano atatu.
Ulusi wosindikiza: womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza, makamaka ulusi wa chitoliro, ulusi wa tapered ndi ulusi wa chitoliro.
Sanjani ndi mawonekedwe:

Thread fit class

Ulusi wokwanira ndi kukula kotayirira kapena kolimba pakati pa ulusi wopindika, ndipo mulingo wokwanira ndi kuphatikiza kwapatukana ndi kulolerana komwe kumachitika mkati ndi kunja kwa ulusi.
1. Kwa ulusi wogwirizana wa inchi, pali magulu atatu a ulusi wa ulusi wakunja: 1A, 2A ndi 3A, ndi magiredi atatu a ulusi wamkati: 1B, 2B ndi 3B, zonse zomwe ndi zovomerezeka. Nambala yoyezera ikakhala yokwera, m'pamenenso imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Mu ulusi wa inchi, kupatuka kumangotchulidwa kwa giredi 1A ndi 2A, kupatuka kwa giredi 3A ndi ziro, ndipo kupatuka kwa giredi 1A ndi 2A ndikofanana. Kuchuluka kwa milingo, kumachepetsa kulolerana.
Makalasi 1A ndi 1B, makalasi olekerera kwambiri, omwe ali oyenera kulolerana kwa ulusi wamkati ndi kunja.
Magiredi 2A ndi 2B ndi magiredi odziwika kwambiri olekerera ulusi omwe amafotokozedwa pamakina a inchi.
Magiredi 3A ndi 3B, olumikizidwa pamodzi kuti agwirizane kwambiri, ndi oyenera zomangira zolimba ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzitetezera.
Kwa ulusi wakunja, magiredi 1A ndi 2A ali ndi kulekerera koyenera, kalasi 3A alibe. Kulekerera kwa 1A ndi 50% kwakukulu kuposa kulekerera kwa 2A ndi 75% kwakukulu kuposa kulekerera kwa 3A. Kwa ulusi wamkati, kulekerera kwa 2B ndi 30% kwakukulu kuposa kulekerera kwa 2A. Kalasi 1B ndi 50% yokulirapo kuposa kalasi 2B ndi 75% yokulirapo kuposa kalasi 3B.
2. Ulusi wa Metric, pali mitundu itatu ya ulusi wa ulusi wakunja: 4h, 6h ndi 6g, ndi magalasi atatu a ulusi wamkati: 5H, 6H, 7H. (Magiredi olondola a ulusi wa ku Japan amagawidwa m'magiredi atatu: I, II, ndi III, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala giredi II.) Mu ulusi wa metric, kupatuka koyambira kwa H ndi h ndi ziro. Kupatuka koyambirira kwa G ndikoyenera, ndipo kupatuka koyambira kwa e, f, ndi g ndikolakwika.
H ndi malo wololera wamba a ulusi wamkati, ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira pamwamba, kapena wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri wa phosphating amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupatuka koyambira kwa G kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera, monga zokutira zokhuthala, zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
g nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala zokutira zopyapyala za 6-9um. Mwachitsanzo, kujambula kwazinthu kumafuna bawuti ya 6h, ndipo ulusi usanayambe plating umagwiritsa ntchito malo olekerera 6g.
Kukwanira kwa ulusi kumaphatikizidwa bwino kukhala H/g, H/h kapena G/h. Pazingwe zomangirira zoyengedwa bwino monga mabawuti ndi mtedza, muyezo umalimbikitsa 6H/6g.
3. Kulemba ulusi
Magawo akuluakulu a geometric a ulusi wodziwombera komanso kudzipangira okha
1. M'mimba mwake waukulu/m'mimba mwake wa dzino (d1): Ndi m'mimba mwake wolingaliridwa wa cylindrical wa kusanganikirana kwa ulusi. Kukula kwakukulu kwa ulusi kumayimira kukula kwake mwadzina kwa ulusiwo.
2. M'mimba mwake pang'ono/mizu (d2): Ndi m'mimba mwake wa silinda yongoganizira kumene muzu wa ulusi umayenderana.
3. Mtunda wa dzino (p): mtunda wa axial pakati pa mano oyandikana ndi mfundo ziwiri pa meridian yapakati. Mu dongosolo lachifumu, phula limasonyezedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi (25.4mm).
M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa kamvekedwe ka mawu (metric) ndi kuchuluka kwa mano (imperial)
1) Metric kudzigunda:
Zofotokozera: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Lamulo: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Kudziwombera pa inchi:
Zofotokozera: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Nambala ya mano: AB mano 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Dzino 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10