Kufunika kwa bedi lopukutira pamanja pazida zamakina zolondola

Chifukwa chiyani zida zamakina zolondola zimayenera kusunthidwa ndi manja?

Kusekera ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imaposa kusema matabwa movutikira. Zimagwira ntchito ngati maziko ogwiritsira ntchito zida zolondola powonetsetsa kumalizidwa kolondola. Kupukuta kumathetsa kudalira kwathu zida zina zamakina ndipo kumatha kuchotsa bwino zopatuka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mphamvu yothina ndi kutentha kwamphamvu.

Njanji zomwe zidakulungidwa sizikhala zosavuta kuvala, makamaka chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yabwino yopaka mafuta. Katswiri wopukutira ayenera kukhala wodziwa bwino njira zosiyanasiyana, koma ukatswiri wawo ukhoza kulemekezedwa kudzera muzochitikira, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti akwaniritse zomveka bwino komanso zosalala zomwe zimafunikira.

Kupukuta ndi njira yovuta komanso yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa zitsulo pamwamba. Ndi njira yofunikira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita bwino zida, kuwonetsetsa kumalizidwa kolondola. Kukatula kumathetsa kufunikira kwa zida zina zamakina ndipo kumatha kuchotsa bwino zopatuka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya clamping ndi mphamvu ya kutentha.

Njanji zomwe zakhala zikuphwanyidwa zimawonetsa zokometsera bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke komanso kung'ambika. Kukhala katswiri wodziwa kukhaula kumafuna kumvetsetsa mozama za njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kulemekezedwa kudzera muzochitikira. Zimawathandiza kuti azitha kumva bwino komanso moyenera kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Mukadutsa pafupi ndi fakitale yopanga zida zamakina ndikuwona amisiri akusekula ndi kupera pamanja, simungachitire mwina koma kudabwa kuti: “Kodi angawongolere malo opangidwa ndi makina amakono mwa kupala ndi kugaya?” (Anthu adzatero Kodi ndi wamphamvu kuposa makina?)

Ngati mukunena za mawonekedwe ake, ndiye kuti yankho lathu ndi "ayi", sitipanga kuti likhale lokongola kwambiri, koma bwanji tizikanda? Pali zifukwa zake, ndithudi, ndipo chimodzi mwa izo ndi chinthu chaumunthu: cholinga cha chida cha makina ndi kupanga zida zina zamakina, koma sichingathe kubwereza mankhwala molondola kuposa choyambirira. Choncho, ngati tikufuna kupanga makina olondola kwambiri kuposa makina oyambirira, tiyenera kukhala ndi poyambira, ndiko kuti, tiyenera kuyamba ndi zochita za anthu. Pamenepa, zoyesayesa za anthu zimatanthauza kukwapula ndi kupera pamanja.

Kukwapula ndikupera si ntchito ya "freehand" kapena "freehand". Ndi njira yokopera yomwe imafanizira bwino matrix. Matrix awa ndi ndege wamba komanso amapangidwa ndi manja.

Ngakhale kukwapula ndi kugaya ndizovuta komanso zolemetsa, ndi luso (luso lapamwamba); kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kuphunzitsa mbuye wopala ndi kupera kusiyana ndi kuphunzitsa mmisiri wosema matabwa. Palibe mabuku ambiri pamsika omwe amakambirana za nkhaniyi. Makamaka, pali chidziwitso chochepa chokambirana "chifukwa chiyani kupukuta ndikofunikira". Ichi chikhoza kukhala chifukwa chake kukwapula kumatengedwa ngati luso.

Popanga, ndikofunikira kusunga zolondola pazomwe zimapangidwira. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa kulondola kumeneku ndi yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa mankhwala omaliza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wopanga asankha kugaya ndi chopukusira m'malo mokolopa, njanji za chopukusira “makolo” ziyenera kukhala zolondola kwambiri kuposa zopukusira zatsopano.

Ndiye funso likubwera, kodi kulondola kwa makina oyambirira kunachokera kuti? Iyenera kuti inachokera ku makina olondola kwambiri kapena kudalira njira ina yopangira malo athyathyathya kwenikweni kapena mwina kukopera pamalo athyathyathya opangidwa kale bwino.

Kuti tifotokoze lingaliro la chilengedwe cha pamwamba, tingagwiritse ntchito njira zitatu zojambulira mabwalo. Ngakhale mabwalo ndi mizere osati pamwamba, angathandize kufotokoza lingalirolo. Mmisiri waluso amatha kujambula bwalo labwino kwambiri ndi kampasi wamba. Komabe, akafufuza pensulo pabowo la pulasitiki, amabwereza zolakwika zonse zomwe zili mu dzenjelo. Ngati ayesa kujambula kwaulere, kulondola kwa bwalo kumadalira luso lawo lochepa.

Ngati wopanga asankha kugaya ndi chopukusira m'malo mokolopa, njanji za "makolo" ake ziyenera kukhala zolondola kuposa chopukusira chatsopano.

Ndiye kodi kulondola kwa makina oyambirira kunachokera kuti?

Iyenera kuti inachokera ku makina olondola kwambiri kapena kudalira njira ina yopangira malo athyathyathya kwenikweni kapena mwina kukopera pamalo athyathyathya opangidwa kale bwino.

Titha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zojambulira mabwalo kuti tiwonetse momwe mabwalo amapangidwira (ngakhale mabwalo ndi mizere osati mawonekedwe, amatha kutchulidwa kuti afotokoze lingaliro). Mmisiri amatha kujambula bwalo labwino kwambiri ndi kampasi wamba; ngati ayang'ana pensulo pa dzenje la template ya pulasitiki, adzabwereza zolakwika zonse mu dzenjelo; ngati amachikoka kwaulere, Ponena za bwalo, kulondola kwa bwalo kumadalira luso lake lochepa.

Mwachidziwitso, malo athyathyathya atha kupangidwa ndi kukangana kosinthana (kugwedeza) kwa magawo atatu. Pofuna kuphweka, tiyeni tifanizire ndi miyala itatu, iliyonse ili ndi malo ophwanyika. Mukasisita magawo atatuwa mosinthana mosinthana mwachisawawa, mutha kupera magawo atatuwo mosalala komanso mosalala. Mukapaka miyala iwiri yokha, mutha kukhala ndi bampu imodzi ndi bampu imodzi. Pochita, kuwonjezera pakugwiritsa ntchito kukanda m'malo mopumira (Lapping), kutsatiridwa momveka bwino kumatsatiridwanso. Akatswiri opukutira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito lamuloli kuti apange jig (geji yowongoka kapena mbale yosalala) yomwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, scraper master idzayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina opanga utoto pa jig yokhazikika, kenako ndikuyiyika pamwamba pa workpiece kuti iwonetsere madera omwe akuyenera kuchotsedwa. Amapitiriza kubwereza izi, ndipo pamwamba pa workpiece idzayandikira pafupi ndi jig yokhazikika, ndipo potsiriza, akhoza kutengera bwino ntchito yomwe ili yofanana ndi jig.

Zoponyera zomwe zimafunikira kumaliza nthawi zambiri zimagayidwa kuti zikhale zazikulu pang'ono kuposa kukula komaliza, kenako zimatumizidwa ku chithandizo cha kutentha kuti atulutse mphamvu yotsalira. Pambuyo pake, ma castings amayikidwa pamtunda womaliza akupera asanatulutsidwe. Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko yowonongeka imafuna nthawi yochuluka, ntchito, ndi mtengo, imatha kusintha kufunikira kwa zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimabwera ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Ngati scraping sikugwiritsidwa ntchito, workpiece iyenera kumalizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina okwera mtengo, olondola kwambiri, kapena kudutsa pokonza zodula.

Pomaliza magawo, makamaka ma castings akulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kumafunika nthawi zambiri. The clamping mphamvu, pamene processing kufika masauzande angapo mwatsatanetsatane mkulu, Komabe, kungachititse kupotoza workpiece, pangozi kulondola workpiece pambuyo kumasula clamping mphamvu. Kuonjezera apo, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yokonza kungayambitsenso kusokoneza kwa workpiece. Kupukuta, ndi ubwino wake, kumakhala kothandiza pazochitika zoterezi. Palibe clamping mphamvu, ndipo kutentha wopangidwa ndi kukanda pafupifupi wochepa. Zopangira zazikuluzikulu zimathandizidwa pamfundo zitatu kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizimapunduka chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo.

Pamene makina ojambulira a chida cha makina amatha kuvala, akhoza kukonzedwanso ndi kukwapula. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu poyerekeza ndi njira ina yotaya makinawo kapena kutumiza ku fakitale kuti iwonongeke ndikukonzanso. Oyang'anira fakitale kapena akatswiri am'deralo amatha kugwira ntchito yopala ndi kupera.

Nthawi zina, kukwapula pamanja ndi kupukuta mphamvu kungagwiritsidwe ntchitoed kuti akwaniritse kulondola komaliza kofunikira kwa geometric. Mbuye waluso wokatula amatha kumaliza kuwongolera kwamtunduwu munthawi yochepa modabwitsa. Ngakhale njira iyi imafunikira luso laukadaulo, ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa kukonza magawo ambiri kuti akhale olondola kwambiri, kapena kupanga mapangidwe odalirika kapena osinthika kuti apewe zolakwika zamalumikizidwe. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti yankho ili siliyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowongolera zolakwika zazikulu zamalumikizidwe, popeza sichinali cholinga chake choyambirira.

Kupititsa patsogolo mafuta

Popanga ma castings, kumaliza kumafuna mphero zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kukula kwawo komaliza, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kuti mutulutse kukakamiza kotsalira. Pambuyo pake, ma castings amatsitsidwa pamwamba ndikumaliza kupukuta ndi kupukuta. Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi nthawi yambiri komanso yokwera mtengo, imatha kusintha kufunikira kwa zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimabwera ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Popanda kukanda, kumaliza ntchitoyo kumafuna makina okwera mtengo, olondola kwambiri kapena kukonza zodula.

Mphamvu yokoka imafunika nthawi zambiri pomaliza magawo, makamaka ma castings akulu. Komabe, clamping mphamvu imatha kusokoneza chogwiriracho, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo cholondola pambuyo potulutsa mphamvu yokakamiza. Kukwapula kumabwera bwino muzochitika zotere, chifukwa palibe mphamvu yoletsa, ndipo kutentha kopangidwa ndi scraping kumakhala kocheperako. Zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zimathandizidwa pamfundo zitatu kuti zipewe kusinthika chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo.

Pamene makina opangira makina amatha kuvala, amatha kukonzedwanso ndi kupukuta, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi kutaya makina kapena kutumiza ku fakitale kuti iwonongeke ndi kukonzanso. Kukakula pamanja ndi mphamvu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa kulondola komaliza kofunikira kwa geometric. Ngakhale njira iyi imafunikira luso laukadaulo, ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa kukonza ambirimakina opanga zigawokukhala olondola kwambiri kapena kupanga mapangidwe odalirika kapena osinthika kuti apewe zolakwika za masanjidwe. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti yankho ili siliyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zolakwika zazikulu zamalumikizidwe, popeza sichinali cholinga chake choyambirira. Kupititsa patsogolo mafuta

Zochitika zothandiza zatsimikizira kuti kukanda njanji kumatha kuchepetsa kukangana kudzera mumafuta abwinoko, koma palibe mgwirizano pachifukwa chake. Lingaliro lodziwika bwino ndiloti madontho otsika (kapena makamaka, ma dimples, matumba owonjezera amafuta opaka mafuta) amapereka timatumba tating'ono tating'ono tamafuta, omwe amatengedwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono. Chotsani.

Njira inanso yofotokozera momveka bwino ndikuti imatilola kuti tizisunga filimu yamafuta mosalekeza pomwe mbali zosuntha zimayandama, chomwe ndi cholinga chamafuta onse. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe izi zimachitika ndikuti matumba amafuta osakhazikikawa amapanga malo ambiri oti mafuta azikhala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azitha kuthawa mosavuta. Malo abwino opaka mafuta ndikusunga filimu yamafuta pakati pazigawo ziwiri zosalala bwino, koma muyenera kuthana ndi kupewa mafuta kuti asathawe, kapena kufunikira kubwezeretsanso mwachangu. (Kaya pali kukanda pamwamba pa njanji kapena ayi, mafuta opangira mafuta nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti athandize kugawa mafuta).

Mawu otere angapangitse anthu kukayikira zotsatira za malo ochezera. Kukanda kumachepetsa malo olumikizirana koma kumapangitsa kugawa, ndipo kugawa ndiye chinthu chofunikira. Kukongoletsedwa kosalala kofananako kofananako, kugawanika kofananako kudzakhala komweko. Koma pali mfundo ina mu zimango kuti "kukangana sikukhudzana ndi dera." Chiganizochi chikutanthauza kuti ngati malo okhudzana ndi 10 kapena 100 masikweya mainchesi, mphamvu yomweyo imafunika kusuntha benchi yogwirira ntchito. (Kuvala ndi chinthu china. Malo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi katundu wofanana, amavala mofulumira.)

Mfundo yomwe ndikufuna kunena ndi yakuti zomwe tikuyang'ana ndizopaka mafuta abwino, osati malo okhudzana ndi kukhudzana. Ngati mafutawo ali opanda cholakwika, njanjiyo sidzatha. Ngati tebulo likuvutika kusuntha pamene likutha, izi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi mafuta, osati malo okhudzana.

Kodi kukwapula kumachitika bwanji? pa

Musanapeze mfundo zapamwamba zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa, choyamba gwiritsani ntchito makina opangira utoto pa jig yokhazikika (mbale yosalala kapena jig yowongoka pamene mukudula njanji zooneka ngati V), ndiyeno ikani wopanga mtundu pa jig yokhazikika. Pogwiritsa ntchito njanjiyo kuti ikhale ndi fosholo, wopanga mtundu adzasamutsidwa kumalo okwera pamtunda, ndiyeno chida chapadera chopukuta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mfundo zapamwamba za chitukuko cha mtundu. Izi zikuyenera kubwerezedwa mpaka malo otsetsereka akuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kofanana.

Zoonadi, mbuye wokanda ayenera kudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndiroleni ndilankhule za awiri aiwo apa:

Popanga ma castings, kutsirizitsa kumafuna mphero zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kukula kwawo komaliza, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kumasula kukakamiza kotsalira. Pambuyo pake, ma castings amayikidwa pamwamba pa mphesa ndikupukuta. Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi nthawi yambiri komanso yokwera mtengo, imatha kusintha kufunikira kwa zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimabwera ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Popanda kukanda, kumaliza ntchitoyo kumafuna makina okwera mtengo, olondola kwambiri kapena kukonza zodula.

Mukamaliza magawo, makamaka ma castings akulu, mphamvu yokoka imafunika nthawi zambiri. Komabe, clamping mphamvu imatha kusokoneza chogwiriracho, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo cholondola pambuyo potulutsa mphamvu yokakamiza. Kukwapula kumabwera bwino muzochitika zotere, chifukwa palibe mphamvu yoletsa, ndipo kutentha kopangidwa ndi scraping kumakhala kocheperako. Zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zimathandizidwa pamfundo zitatu kuti zipewe kusinthika chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo.

Pamene makina opangira makina amatha kuvala, amatha kukonzedwanso ndi kupukuta, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi kutaya makina kapena kutumiza ku fakitale kuti iwonongeke ndi kukonzanso. Kukakula pamanja ndi mphamvu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa kulondola komaliza kofunikira kwa geometric. Ngakhale njira iyi imafunikira luso laukadaulo, ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa kukonza ambirimagawo a cnckukhala olondola kwambiri kapena kupanga mapangidwe odalirika kapena osinthika kuti apewe zolakwika za masanjidwe. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti yankho ili siliyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zolakwika zazikulu zamalumikizidwe, chifukwa sichinali cholinga chake choyambirira.

Zochitika zothandiza zatsimikizira kuti kukanda njanji kumatha kuchepetsa kukangana kudzera mumafuta abwinoko, koma palibe mgwirizano pachifukwa chake. Lingaliro lodziwika bwino ndiloti madontho otsika (kapena makamaka, ma dimples, matumba owonjezera amafuta opaka mafuta) amapereka timatumba tating'ono tating'ono tamafuta, omwe amatengedwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono. Kukanda kumachepetsa malo olumikizirana koma kumapangitsa kugawa, ndipo kugawa ndiye chinthu chofunikira. Kukongoletsedwa kosalala kofananako kofananako, kugawanika kofananako kudzakhala komweko. Koma pali mfundo yoti "kukangana sikukhudzana ndi dera." Chiganizochi chikutanthauza kuti ngati malo okhudzana ndi 10 kapena 100 mainchesi, mphamvu yomweyo imafunika kusuntha benchi. (Kuvala ndi chinthu china. Malo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi katundu wofanana, amavala mofulumira.)

Mfundo ndi yakuti chimene tikuyang'ana ndi mafuta abwinoko, osati ochulukirapo kapena ocheperako. Ngati mafutawo ali opanda cholakwika, njanjiyo sidzatha. Ngati tebulo likuvutika kuyenda pamene likutha, izi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi kudzoza, osati malo okhudzana ndi kukhudzana.Choyamba, tisanayambe kupanga mtundu, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito fayilo yowonongeka kuti tiyike mofatsa pamwamba pa workpiece chotsani ma burrs.

Chachiwiri, pukutani pamwamba ndi burashi kapena manja anu, osati ndi chiguduli. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito nsalu kupukuta, mizere yabwino yosiyidwa ndi nsaluyo idzayambitsa zizindikiro zolakwika nthawi ina mukadzapanga mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mbuye wozonda yekha adzayang'ana ntchito yake poyerekezera jig yokhazikika ndi njanji pamwamba. Woyang'anira amangofunika kuuza mbuyeyo nthawi yoti asiye ntchitoyo, ndipo palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kukanda. (The scraping master atha kukhala ndi udindo pazantchito zake)

Tinkakonda kukhala ndi miyeso yomwe imatiuza kuti ndi malo angati okwera omwe ayenera kukhala pa inchi imodzi, ndipo ndi gawo lotani la malo onse omwe ayenera kukhudzana; koma tidapeza kuti kuyang'ana malo olumikizirana kunali kosatheka, ndipo tsopano zonse zimachitika ndikukanda The master grinder imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa madontho pa inchi imodzi. Mwachidule, akatswiri okwapula nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kukwaniritsa madontho 20 mpaka 30 pa inchi imodzi.

Pakali pano, makina opangira magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Amakhalanso mtundu wa kukanda pamanja, koma amatha kuthetsa ntchito yotopetsa ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito yokolopayo isatope. Palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa kumva kukanda pamanja pamene mukuchita ntchito yosonkhanitsa yosakhwima kwambiri.

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