Malangizo khumi a magalimoto a CNC

1. Ndi mwaluso kupeza chakudya chozama pang'ono. Potembenuza, ntchito ya katatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zida zina zokhala ndi mabwalo amkati ndi akunja pamwamba pa kulondola kwachiwiri. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kudula, kukangana pakati pa workpiece ndi chida kumapangitsa chida kuvala ndi kubwereza mobwerezabwereza malo olondola a chida cha square tool, etc., khalidweli ndizovuta kutsimikizira. Pofuna kuthetsa yeniyeni yaying'ono-yakuya kuya, mu kutembenuka, tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ubale pakati pa mbali ina ndi oblique mbali ya makona atatu monga pakufunika kusuntha longitudinal yaing'ono mpeni chofukizira pa ngodya, kuti molondola kufika. Kukula kopingasa kwa chida chotembenuza chozungulira. Cholinga, sungani ntchito ndi nthawi, onetsetsani kuti zinthu zili bwino ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. The C620 lathe chida chogwirizira sikelo mtengo ndi 0.05mm pa gululi. Ngati mukufuna kupeza chopingasa chakuya chodyera cha 0.005mm, yang'anani tebulo la sine trigonometric ntchito: sinα=0.005/0.05=0.1 α=5o44′ kotero ingosunthani chogwirizira chaching'ono Pamene chiri 5o44', posuntha cholembedwa motalika. chimbale pa chofukizira yaing'ono mpeni, akhoza kufika yaying'ono kayendedwe ka chida kudula ndi mtengo kuya 0.005mm mu malangizo ofananira nawo.cnc Machining gawo

 

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokhotakhota m'machitidwe atatu anthawi yayitali akutsimikizira kuti munjira yeniyeni yokhotakhota, ukadaulo wodula ukhoza kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Zitsanzo zotsatirazi ndi izi:

(1) Pamene ulusi wokhotakhota ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic chokhala ndi ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja wokhala ndi phula la 1.25 ndi 1.75 mm, popeza phula la lathe wononga limachotsedwa ndi phula la workpiece, zomwe zapezedwa. mtengo ndi Mtengo wosatha. Ngati ulusi wapangidwa mwa kukweza chogwirira cha nati wa counter, ulusiwo umathyoka nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, lathe wamba alibe chida chosalongosoka, ndipo chimbale chodzipangira chokha chimatenga nthawi, kotero pakukonza mawuwo. Pamene ulusi, nthawi zambiri. Njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi njira yochepetsera yosalala yotsika, chifukwa kunyamula mwachangu sikokwanira kubweza mpeni, chifukwa chake kupanga bwino kumakhala kotsika, fayilo imapangidwa mosavuta pakutembenuka, ndipo roughness pamwamba ndi yoyipa, makamaka pokonza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensite monga 1Crl3, 2 Crl3, ndi zina zotero. Mukadula pa liwiro lotsika, zochitika za chikwakwa zimawonekera kwambiri. Njira zodulira m'mbuyo, zokhotakhota, komanso zotsutsana ndi "zitatu zopingasa" zomwe zidapangidwa muzochita zamakina zimatha kukwaniritsa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa njirayo imatha kutembenuza ulusi pa liwiro lalikulu, ndikuwongolera njira ya chida ndi Chidacho amachotsedwa kumanzere kupita kumanja, kotero palibe drawback kuti chida sangathe retracted pamene kudula ulusi pa liwiro. Njira yeniyeni ndi iyi: Pamene ulusi wakunja umagwiritsidwa ntchito, perani chida chofanana cha mkati chotembenuza ulusi (mkuyu 1);

Pogaya chida chosinthira ulusi wamkati (Chithunzi 2).pulasitiki gawo

 

Musanapange makina, sinthani spindle ya mbale yokhotakhota pang'ono kuti muwonetsetse kuthamanga kozungulira. Kwa wodula ulusi wabwino, tsekani ndikutsegula ndi kutseka nati, yambani kutsogolo ndi liwiro lotsika kupita ku sipe yopanda kanthu, ndiyeno ikani chida chotembenuza ulusi mukuya koyenera kwa odulidwa, mukhoza kusintha kasinthasintha. Panthawiyi, chida chotembenuza chimasiyidwa pa liwiro lalikulu. Mwa kudula mpeni kumanja ndi kudula chiwerengero cha mipeni molingana ndi njirayi, ulusi wokhala ndi khwimbi lapamwamba komanso kulondola kwakukulu ukhoza kupangidwa.

(2) Muzochita zachikhalidwe zokhotakhota zokhotakhota, zosefera zachitsulo ndi zinyalala zimalowetsedwa mosavuta pakati pa chogwirira ntchito ndi mpeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti workpiece ikhale yolemetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizere ikhale yodzaza, mawonekedwewo amaphwanyidwa kapena kuponderezedwa, ndi zina. Ngati njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito kutembenuza ndi kugwedeza kwa spindle ya lathe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusalaza zingathe kupewedwa bwino, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zowonjezera zingatheke.

(3) Kutembenuza kutembenuka kwa ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja wa chitoliro Mukatembenuza ulusi wa chitoliro chamkati ndi kunja molunjika pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'ono, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kudula mobwerera ndikubwezeretsanso popanda chipangizo cha nkhungu. Njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito, podula mbali ya chida, chidacho chimasunthidwa mozungulira kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Fayilo yopingasa ndiyosavuta kumvetsetsa kuya kwa fayilo kuchokera m'mimba mwake mpaka yaying'ono. Chifukwa chake ndi fayilo. Pali pre-mapsyinjika. Kusiyanasiyana kwa ntchito zamtundu watsopanowu waukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito m'mbuyo paukadaulo wakutembenuza ukuchulukirachulukira ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.

 

3. Njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zida zatsopano zobowola mabowo ang'onoang'ono Potembenuza, pamene dzenje liri losakwana 0.6mm, m'mimba mwake ya kubowola ndi yaying'ono, kulimba kwake ndi kopanda pake, kuthamanga kwa kudula sikukukwera, ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito. ndi aloyi zosagwira kutentha ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo kukana kudula kuli Kwakukulu, kotero pobowola, monga kugwiritsa ntchito makina opatsirana chakudya, kubowola ndikosavuta kwambiri kusweka, zotsatirazi zikufotokoza chida chosavuta komanso chothandiza komanso njira yopangira chakudya chamanja. Choyamba, chuck yobowola yoyambirira imasinthidwa kukhala mtundu woyandama wa shank. Pobowola pang'ono akamangika pa chuck yoyandama, kubowolako kumatha kuchitidwa bwino. Chifukwa mbali yakumbuyo ya bowolo ndi yolunjika shank yotsetsereka, imatha kuyenda momasuka mu manja ake. Bowo laling'ono likabowoleredwa, chuck yobowola imatha kugwiridwa mwachidwi ndi dzanja, ndipo chakudya chapamanja chapamanja chimatha kuzindikirika, ndipo dzenje laling'ono limatha kutulutsa mwachangu. Quality ndi kuchuluka ndi kuwonjezera moyo utumiki wa kubowola yaing'ono. Chobowola chosinthika chamitundu yambiri chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pogogoda ulusi wamkati waung'ono wamkati, kubwezeretsanso, ndi zina zotere (Ngati dzenje lalikulu libowoleredwa, pini yotsekera imatha kuyikidwa pakati pa mkono wokoka ndi shank yowongoka).

 

4. Anti-vibration muzitsulo zakuya M'makina akuya, chifukwa cha kabowo kakang'ono, chida chotopetsa chimakhala chochepa. Ndizosapeŵeka kupanga kugwedezeka pamene dzenje lalikulu ndi Φ30 ~ 50mm ndipo dzenje lakuya liri pafupi 1000mm. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri komanso othandiza poletsa kugwedezeka kwa arbor. Njirayi ndikugwirizanitsa zothandizira ziwiri (pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga nsalu bakelite) ku thupi la shank, ndipo kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi kukula kwake. Panthawi yodula, arbor samakonda kugwedezeka chifukwa cha malo a slats, ndipo mbali zakuya za dzenje zabwino zimatha kukonzedwa.gawo lopangidwa ndi makina

 

5. Anti-break of the small center kubowola ndi yocheperapo pakati pa dzenje la Φ1.5mm pamene kubowola kuli kochepa kuposa dzenje lapakati la Φ1.5mm. Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yolimbana ndi kupumula ndikuti musatseke tailstock pobowola dzenje lapakati, lolani tailstock Kulemera kwapayekha ndi kukangana komwe kumapangidwa pakati pa bedi la makina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kubowola dzenje lapakati. Pamene kukana kudula kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, tailstock imabwerera yokha, motero imateteza kubowola kwapakati.

 

 

6. Anti-vibration ya kutembenukira woonda-mipanda workpieces Pa kutembenuza ndondomeko woonda-mipanda workpieces, kugwedezeka nthawi zambiri kwaiye chifukwa cha osauka zitsulo katundu workpieces; makamaka potembenuza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ma alloys osagwira kutentha, kugwedezeka kumawonekera kwambiri, kuuma kwapamwamba kwa workpiece kumakhala kosauka kwambiri, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa chida umafupikitsidwa. Njira zosavuta zodzipatula pazochita zingapo zafotokozedwa pansipa.

(1) Mukatembenuza bwalo lakunja la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chocheperako, dzenjelo limatha kudzazidwa ndi tchipisi tamatabwa ndikumangika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malekezero onse a workpiece amalumikizidwa ndi pulagi ya bakelite, ndiyeno chingwe chothandizira pa chogwiritsira ntchito chimasinthidwa ndi vwende yothandizira ya zinthu za bakelite ikhoza kukonza arc yofunikira kuti itembenuzire zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. ndodo yowonda. Njira yosavuta iyi imatha kuteteza kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika kwa ndodo yowonda yoboola panthawi yodula.

(2) Potembenuza dzenje lamkati la chopanda kutentha (high-nickel-chromium) aloyi yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, kulimba kwa chogwiriracho ndi kocheperako, shank ndi yowonda, ndipo chodabwitsa chachikulu chimachitika panthawi yodula; zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuwononga chida ndikuwononga. Ngati chingwe cha rabara kapena siponji chazunguliridwa mozungulira kunja kwa chogwiriracho, mphamvu yotchinga mphamvu imatha kutheka.

(3) Potembenuza bwalo lakunja la aloyi wosagwira kutentha kwazitsulo zopyapyala zokhala ndi mipanda, chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri monga kukana kwakukulu kwa alloy yosagwira kutentha, ndikosavuta kupanga kugwedezeka ndi kupunduka panthawi yodula. Ngati dzenje la mphira kapena ulusi wa thonje ulowetsedwa mu dzenje la workpiece, Ngati zinyalala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti njira yokhotakhota kumapeto onse awiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika kwa workpiece panthawi yodula, ndi mkulu- quality woonda-mipanda workpiece akhoza kukonzedwa.

 

7. Chida chowonjezera chotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka ndichosavuta kupanga kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kusasunthika kosasunthika kwa mtundu wa shaft wamtundu wa elongated panthawi yodulira ma multi-groove, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusauka kwapamwamba kwa workpiece ndi kuwonongeka kwa chida. Zida zina zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka zingathetsere bwino vuto la kugwedezeka kwa ziwalo zowonda mu ndondomeko ya grooving (onani Chithunzi 10). Ikani chida chodzipangira chodzidzimutsa pamalo abwino pachosungira chida cha square musanayambe ntchito. Kenako, ikani chida chotembenuza chofanana ndi kagawo pachosungira chida, sinthani mtunda ndi kuchuluka kwa kasupe, kenako gwirani ntchito. Pamene chida chotembenuza chikudula mu workpiece, chida chowonjezera chotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka chimayikidwa pamwamba pa workpiece panthawi imodzimodzi, yomwe ndi yabwino kwa shockproof. zotsatira.

 

8. Zida zovuta ku makina zimakulitsidwa ndikumalizidwa. Tikakhala muzinthu zovuta ku makina monga ma alloys otentha kwambiri ndi zitsulo zolimba, kuuma kwapamwamba kwa workpiece kumafunika kukhala Ra0.20-0.05μm, ndipo kulondola kwa dimensional ndikwapamwamba. Kumaliza komaliza nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamakina opera. Chitani chida chodzipangira chosavuta chopangira honing ndi gudumu la honing, ndikulandila zabwino zachuma pochita honi m'malo mwa njira yopera pa lathe.

 

9. Kutsitsa mwachangu ndi kutsitsa mandrels nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya seti zonyamula potembenuza. Bwalo lakunja ndi kalozera wopindika wokhotakhota wa gulu lonyamula. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa batch, nthawi yotsitsa ndi yotsitsa ndi yochuluka kuposa nthawi yodula. Long, otsika kupanga dzuwa. Zida zotembenuza mwachangu za mandrel ndi mpeni umodzi wamitundu yambiri (hardmetal) zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa zitha kupulumutsa nthawi yothandiza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino pakukonza magawo osiyanasiyana onyamula manja. Njira yopanga ndi motere. Pangani chophweka chaching'ono taper mandrel. Mfundo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito 0.02mm kufufuza taper kumbuyo kwa mandrel. Choyikacho chimalimbikitsidwa pa mandrel ndi mikangano, ndiyeno chida chotembenuza mpeni umodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pozungulira, mbali ya 15 ° cone imatembenuzidwa, ndipo malo oimikapo magalimoto amachitidwa kuti achotse mbalizo mofulumira komanso bwino, monga momwe chithunzi 14 chikusonyezera.

 

10. Kutembenuza kwazitsulo zolimba

(1) Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zazikulu za zitsulo zolimba zokhotakhota 1 Kumanganso kwachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri W18Cr4V chowumitsa broach (kukonza pambuyo pa kuthyoka) 2 zopanga zopanga zopanga zokhala ndi zopangira ulusi (hardware hardware) 3 kuzimitsa hardware ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa Kutembenuza zidutswa 4 za hardware yozimitsa. yosalala pamwamba plugging 5 Ulusi kugubuduza matepi opangidwa ndi mkulu liwiro zida zitsulo Pakuti quenching hardware ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana zovuta zakuthupi anakumana mu kupanga pamwamba, sankhani chida choyenera zinthu ndi kudula kuchuluka ndi chida ngodya za Geometric ndi njira ntchito angathe kukwaniritsa zabwino zonse zachuma zotsatira. . Mwachitsanzo, chipolopolo cha square chikathyoledwa, ngati chikayambidwanso kuti chipangidwe chozungulira, sikuti nthawi zonse kupanga ndi yaitali, komanso mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba. Pamizu ya broach yoyambirira, timagwiritsa ntchito tsamba la aloyi yolimba YM052 kuti tikule kuti ikhale yopanda pake. Mbali yakutsogolo r. =-6°～-8°, m’mphepete mwake mungatembenuzidwe pogaya mosamalitsa ndi mwala wamafuta. Liwiro lodula ndi V = 10 ~ 15m / min. Pambuyo pa bwalo lakunja, sipe yopanda kanthu imadulidwa, ndipo pamapeto pake ulusiwo umagawidwa kukhala wokhuthala ndi wabwino. ), pambuyo povutitsa, chidacho chiyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwetsedwa pambuyo pa kuwongola kwatsopano ndikupera, ndiyeno ulusi wamkati wa ndodo yolumikizira umakonzedwa, ndiyeno mgwirizanowo umakonzedwa. Chingwe cha square broach chokhala ndi zidutswa zosweka chinakonzedwa pambuyo pa kutembenuka ndipo chinali chakale ngati chatsopano.

(2) Kusankhidwa kwa zida zothandizira kutembenuza ndi kuzimitsa hardware 1 Magiredi atsopano monga aloyi yolimba YM052, YM053, YT05, etc., liwiro lonse lodulira lili pansipa 18m/mphindi, ndipo kuuma kwa workpiece kumatha kufika Ra1.6 ~ 0.80μm 2 kiyubiki boron nitride chida FD akhoza pokonza mitundu yonse ya zitsulo anaumitsa ndi sprayed mbali, kudula liwiro mpaka 100m / min, pamwamba roughness mpaka Ra0.80 ~ 0.20μm. Chida chophatikizika cha kiyubiki boron nitride DCS-F chopangidwa ndi State Capital Machinery Plant ndi Guizhou No.6 Grinding Wheel Factory chilinso ndi ntchitoyi. Kukonzekera kwachitsulo kumakhala koipitsitsa kuposa carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti (koma mphamvuyo si yabwino ngati ya alloy yolimba, ndi yozama komanso yotsika mtengo kuposa aloyi yolimba, ndipo ndi yosavuta kuwononga ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika). Zida 9 za ceramic, kuthamanga kwa 40 ~ 60m / min, mphamvu ndizosauka. Zida zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zili ndi makhalidwe awo potembenuza ndi kuzimitsa mbali, ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi zikhalidwe zenizeni za kutembenuza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi kuuma kosiyana.

(3) Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zachitsulo zolimba ndi zida za zida Zida zosiyana zazitsulo zolimba pansi pa kuuma komweko, zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito zida ndizosiyana kwambiri, zazikulu monga magulu atatu otsatirawa; 1 mkulu aloyi chitsulo: amatanthauza zinthu alloying Chida zitsulo ndi kufa zitsulo (makamaka zosiyanasiyana mkulu liwiro zitsulo) ndi kulemera okwana oposa 10%. 2 aloyi zitsulo: amatanthauza chida chitsulo ndi kufa chitsulo ndi aloyi zili ndi zinthu zili 2 ~ 9%, monga 9SiCr, CrWMn ndi mkulu mphamvu aloyi structural chitsulo. 3 zitsulo za kaboni: kuphatikiza zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za zida za kaboni ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi carburized monga T8, T10, 15 chitsulo kapena 20 gauge steel carburizing zitsulo. Pakuti mpweya zitsulo, ndi microstructure pambuyo kuzimitsidwa ndi mtima martensite ndi pang'ono carbide, tsitsi lolimba HV800 ~ 1000, kuposa kuuma kwa WC ndi TiC mu simenti carbide ndi A12D3 mu zida za ceramic Ndizotsika kwambiri, ndipo ndizochepa kutentha- cholimba kuposa martensite popanda zinthu za alloying ndipo nthawi zambiri sichidutsa 200 ° C. Pamene zomwe zili muzitsulo zowonjezera zimawonjezeka, zitsulo za carbide pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha zimawonjezeka, ndipo mtundu wa carbide umakhala wovuta kwambiri. Kutenga mkulu-liwiro zitsulo monga chitsanzo, zili carbides mu microstructure pambuyo quenching ndi kutentha angafikire 10-15% (volume chiŵerengero) ndipo lili carbides wa MC, M2C, M6 ndi M3, 2C, etc. High kuuma (HV2800) ), yomwe ili yokwera kwambiri kuposa kuuma kwa gawo lolimba pazida zonse zida. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zinthu zambiri zopangira ma alloying, kuuma kotentha kwa martensite komwe kumakhala ndi ma alloying osiyanasiyana kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka pafupifupi 600 ° C. Kugwira ntchito molimbika kwazitsulo zolimba zokhala ndi macrohardness omwewo sikufanana, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Asanatembenuzire zitsulo zolimba, zimawunikidwa kuti zikhale m'gulu limenelo. Dziwani bwino mawonekedwe, sankhani zida zoyenera, kudula kuchuluka ndi zida za geometry. Ngodyayo imatha kumaliza kutembenuza kwazitsulo zolimba.