Kuwongolera koyenera komanso chidziwitso chochokera pamiyezo ya ulusi

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji za ulusi wamakina?

M'malo opangira makina, "zingwe" nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza zigwa za helical ndi zigwa zomwe zili pamwamba pa gawo la cylindrical, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zilumikizidwe ndi gawo lina kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa kuyenda kapena mphamvu. Matanthauzo ndi miyezo ya ulusi wopangidwa ndi makina nthawi zambiri amakhala achindunji kumakampani ndi ntchito zomwe zikufunsidwa.Ku United States, ulusi wopangidwa ndi makina umatanthauzidwa kawirikawiri ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe monga American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ndi American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (ASME). Miyezo iyi imatchula mbiri ya ulusi, mamvekedwe, makalasi olekerera, ndi magawo ena amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi.

Imodzi mwa mfundo zodziwika bwino za ulusi wopangidwa ndi makina ndi Unified Thread Standard (UTS), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa inchi. UTS imatanthauzira maulusi osiyanasiyana, monga Unified Coarse (UNC) ndi Unified Fine (UNF), ndipo imapereka tsatanetsatane wa miyeso ya ulusi, zololera, ndi mayina. Pa ulusi wa metric, muyezo wa ISO metric screw thread (ISO 68-1) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Muyezo uwu umakhudza mbiri ya ulusi wa metric, kukwera kwa ulusi, makalasi olekerera, ndi zina zofananira. Ndikofunikira kutchulanso milingo ndi mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi makampani ndi ntchito yomwe mukugwira nayo ntchito kuti mutsimikizire kupangidwa koyenera ndi kupanga ulusi wamakina.

Tsiku ndi tsiku, akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makina amakumana ndi zida za ulusi. Mosasamala kanthu za ndondomeko yawo-kaya ndi metric kapena mfumu, yowongoka kapena yojambulidwa, yosindikizidwa kapena yosasindikizidwa, mkati kapena kunja, ndi mbiri ya 55-degree kapena 60-degree-zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndipo zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pakapita nthawi. Ndikofunikira kuwawunika bwino kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. Lero, gulu la Anebon lidzalemba chidule chake ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzapindulitsa aliyense.

1. Zizindikiro wamba

Mtengo wa NPTndi ulusi wa chitoliro wamba waku America wokhala ndi ngodya ya mbiri ya 60 °.

PTulusi ndi ulusi wopindika wachifumu wokhala ndi ngodya ya 55 °, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza. Zingwe zapaipi zaku Britain zimakhala ndi ulusi wabwino. Chifukwa cha kuya kwakukulu kwa ulusi wa ulusi wokhuthala, kumachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya chitoliro chakunja chodulidwa.

PFulusi ndi ulusi wofanana wa mapaipi.

Gndi ulusi wosindikiza wa digiri 55 wopanda ulusi, wa banja la ulusi wa Whitworth. Cholembera G chimayimira ulusi wozungulira, G kukhala mawu oti ulusi wa chitoliro (Guan), ndipo kusiyanitsa pakati pa madigiri 55 ndi madigiri 60 kumagwira ntchito.

ZGamadziwika kuti chulu cha chitoliro, kutanthauza kuti ulusi umakonzedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa conical. Mapaipi ambiri amadzi amapangidwa motere. Muyezo wakale wadziko umalembedwa kuti Rc.Pitch umagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza ulusi wa metric, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ulusi pa inchi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ulusi waku America ndi waku Britain. Uwu ndiye kusiyana kwawo koyambirira. Ulusi wa Metric uli ndi mbiri yofanana ya 60-degree, ulusi waku Britain uli ndi mbiri ya 55-degree isosceles, ndipo ulusi waku America uli ndi mbiri ya 60-degree.

Ma metric threadsgwiritsani ntchito mayunitsi a metric, pomwe ulusi waku America ndi waku Britain umagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi achifumu.

Ulusi wa chitoliroamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikiza mapaipi. Ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja umagwirizana kwambiri, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri: mipope yowongoka ndi mipope ya tapered. The awiri mwadzina amatanthauza awiri a chitoliro cholumikizidwa. Mwachiwonekere, m'mimba mwake waukulu wa ulusi ndi waukulu kuposa m'mimba mwake mwadzina.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito chimakwiriramakina a cnc, cnc kutembenuza magawo ndicnc mphero zigawo.

1/4, 1/2, ndi 1/8 imayimira ma diameter a inchi mu mainchesi.

2. Miyezo yosiyana ya dziko

1. Ulusi wogwirizana wa inchi

Ulusi wamtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito inchi ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: UNC, ulusi wabwino kwambiri wa UNF, UNFF, ndi UNFF.
Njira yolembera:Chidutswa cha ulusi—chiwerengero cha ulusi pa inchi iliyonse—giredi yolondola.

Mwachitsanzo:Ulusi wokhotakhota 3/8—16UNC—2A; Fine thread series 3/8—24UNF—2A; Mndandanda wa ulusi wabwino kwambiri 3/8—32UNFF—2A;

Mndandanda wa phula wosasunthika 3/8—20UN—2A. Nambala yoyamba 3/8 imasonyeza kukula kwa ulusi mu mainchesi. Kuti mutembenuzire ku metric unit mm, chulukitsani ndi 25.4, yomwe ikufanana ndi 9.525mm; manambala achiwiri ndi achitatu 16, 24, 32, ndi 20 amaimira chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi (chiwerengero cha mano pa utali wa 25.4mm); manambala olembedwa pambuyo pa manambala achitatu, UNC, UNF, UNFF, UN, ndiwo ma code angapo, ndipo manambala awiri omaliza, 2A, amawonetsa mulingo wolondola.

Kutembenuka kwa ulusi wa chitoliro cha 2.55°
Ulusi wa 55 ° cylindrical pipe umachokera ku inchi mndandanda koma umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko onse a metric ndi inchi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza malo olumikizira mapaipi, kunyamula zakumwa ndi mpweya, ndikuyika mawaya. Komabe, mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, choncho m'pofunika kusintha zizindikiro zakunja kukhala zizindikiro zachi China pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo (tebulo lofananitsa) loperekedwa. Ma code 55 ° cylindrical pipe ulusi wa mayiko osiyanasiyana tsopano aperekedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.

Kutembenuka kwa ulusi wa chitoliro wa 3.55°
Ulusi wa chitoliro wa 55 ° umatanthauza kuti ngodya ya mbiri ya ulusi ndi 55 ° ndipo ulusi uli ndi taper wa 1:16. Mndandanda wa ulusi umenewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mayina ake amasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

4.Kutembenuka kwa 60 ° tapered chitoliro ulusi

60 ° tapered ulusi chitoliro amatanthauza ulusi chitoliro ndi mbiri ngodya 60 ° ndi taper ulusi 1:16. Mndandanda wa ulusiwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu lopangira zida zamakina komanso ku United States ndi komwe kale kunali Soviet Union. Dzina lake la code, China ankalitchula kuti K, pambuyo pake linalitchula kuti Z, ndipo tsopano lasinthidwa kukhala NPT. Onani tebulo lofananiza la ulusi pansipa.

5.55 ° Trapezoidal Thread Conversion
Ulusi wa trapezoidal umatanthawuza ulusi wa metric trapezoidal wokhala ndi ngodya ya 30 °. Mndandanda wa ulusiwu ndi wofanana kunyumba ndi kunja, ndipo zizindikiro zawo zimakhalanso zogwirizana. Zizindikiro za ulusi zikuwonetsedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.

3. Gulu la ulusi

Malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ulusi, zikhoza kugawidwa mu:

1. International Metric Thread System

Ulusi wotengera dziko langa CNS wamba. Pamwamba pa dzino ndi lathyathyathya komanso losavuta kutembenuza, pamene pansi pa dzino ndi mawonekedwe a arc kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya ulusi. Ulusi wa ulusi ndi madigiri a 60, ndipo ndondomekoyi ikufotokozedwa mu ulusi wa M. Metric ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: ulusi wolimba ndi ulusi wabwino. Choyimira ndi M8x1.25. (M: kodi, 8: m'mimba mwake mwadzina, 1.25: phula).

2. American Standard Thread

Pamwamba ndi muzu wa ulusi zonse zimakhala zosalala komanso zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino. Ulusi wa ulusi ulinso madigiri 60, ndipo zofotokozera zimafotokozedwa mu ulusi pa inchi. Ulusi woterewu ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: ulusi wobiriwira (NC); ulusi wabwino (NF); ulusi wabwino kwambiri (NEF). Kuyimira ndi monga 1/2-10NC. (1/2: m'mimba mwake; 10: chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi; NC code).

3. Ulusi wokhazikika (UnifiedThread)

Wopangidwa pamodzi ndi United States, United Kingdom, ndi Canada, ndi ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Britain.
Ulusi wa ulusi ulinso madigiri 60, ndipo zofotokozera zimafotokozedwa mu ulusi pa inchi. Ulusi woterewu ukhoza kugawidwa mu ulusi wolimba (UNC); ulusi wabwino (UNF); ulusi wabwino kwambiri (UNEF). Kuyimira ndi monga 1/2-10UNC. (1/2: m'mimba mwake; 10: chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi; UNC code).

Ulusi wooneka ngati 4.V (Sharp VThread)

Pamwamba ndi mizu zonse ndizoloza, zofooka mu mphamvu, ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Kutalika kwa ulusi ndi madigiri 60.

5. Whitworth Thread

Mtundu uwu wa ulusi wafotokozedwa ndi British National Standard. Ili ndi ngodya ya ulusi wa madigiri 55 ndipo imayimira "W". Amapangidwira njira zopangira zogudubuza, nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ngati W1/2-10 (1/2: m'mimba mwake; 10: chiwerengero cha mano pa inchi; W code).

6. Round Thread (KnuckleThread)
Mtundu wa ulusi wokhazikika uwu, wokhazikitsidwa ndi German DIN, ndi woyenera kwambiri kulumikiza mababu a kuwala ndi machubu a rabara. Zimasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro "Rd".

7. Pipe Thread (PipeThread)
Zopangidwa kuti ziteteze kutayikira, ulusiwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mapaipi a gasi kapena madzi. Ndi ngodya ya ulusi wa madigiri a 55, amatha kugawidwa mu ulusi wowongoka wa chitoliro, wotchedwa "PS, NPS", ndi ulusi wa tapered, wotchedwa "NPT". Tepi ndi 1:16, yofanana ndi 3/4 inchi pa phazi.

8. Ulusi Wapabwalo
Zokhala ndi mphamvu yotumiza mwachangu, yachiwiri ku ulusi wa mpira, ulusi wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira za vise ndi ulusi wa crane. Komabe, malire ake agona pakulephera kusinthidwa ndi nati pambuyo pa kuvala.

9. Ulusi wa Trapezoidal
Amatchedwanso ulusi wa Acme, mtundu uwu umapereka mwayi wotsitsa pang'ono kuposa ulusi wapakati. Komabe, ili ndi ubwino wosinthika ndi nati pambuyo pa kuvala. Mu dongosolo la metric, ngodya ya ulusi ndi madigiri 30, pomwe mu dongosolo lachifumu ndi madigiri 29. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira zotsogola za lathes, zimayimiridwa ndi chizindikiro "Tr".

10.Ulusi wa Zigzag (ButtressThread)

Imatchedwanso ulusi wa rhombic, ndiyoyenera kutengera njira imodzi yokha. Monga ma screw jacks, pressurizers, etc. Chizindikiro ndi "Bu".

11. Ulusi wa mpira

Ndiwo ulusi wokhala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira. Ndizovuta kupanga komanso zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina olondola. Monga chowongolera chowongolera cha zida zamakina a CNC ndimwachitsanzo makina makina.

Chiwonetsero cha mabawuti a inchi
LH 2N 5/8 × 3 – 13UNC-2A
(1) LH ndi ulusi wakumanzere (RH ndi ulusi wolondola ndipo ukhoza kusiyidwa).
(2) 2N ulusi wawiri.
(3) 5/8 inchi ulusi, m'mimba mwake 5/8”.
(4) 3 bawuti kutalika 3”.
(5) Ulusi 13 uli ndi ulusi 13 pa inchi.
(6) UNC wogwirizana muyezo ulusi coarse ulusi.
(7) Mlingo wa 2 wokwanira, ulusi wakunja (3: wothina; 2: wapakati; 1: womasuka) A: Ulusi wakunja (ukhoza kuchotsedwa), B: Ulusi wamkati.

Ulusi wa Imperial
Kukula kwa ulusi wachifumu nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi pa inchi imodzi yautali pa ulusi, womwe umatchedwa "chiwerengero cha ulusi pa inchi", yomwe ili yofanana ndendende ndi kubwereza kwa phula la ulusi. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wokhala ndi ulusi 8 pa inchi uli ndi phula la 1/8 inchi.

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