Njira yopititsira patsogolo ntchito yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za carbon structural steel, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimawonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zowonjezera monga Cr, Ni, N, Nb, ndi Mo. zotsatira pa makina zimatha zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Mwachitsanzo, martensitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 4Cr13 zili ndi mpweya womwewo poyerekeza ndi 45 sing'anga mpweya zitsulo, koma machinability wachibale ndi 58% 45 zitsulo; austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri 1Cr18Ni9Ti ndi 40% yokha, ndi austenite-chitsulo Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha metamorphic duplex chimakhala cholimba kwambiri komanso kusachita bwino bwino.
Kuwunika kwazovuta pakudula kwazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri:

Pamakina enieni, kudula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kuchitika kwa mipeni yosweka ndi yomata. Chifukwa chachikulu mapindikidwe pulasitiki zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pa kudula, kwaiye tchipisi si zophweka kusweka ndi zosavuta kugwirizana, chifukwa ntchito kwambiri kuumitsa pa ndondomeko kudula. Nthawi iliyonse kudula kumapanga wosanjikiza wouma wodulidwa wotsatira, ndipo zigawozo zimasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zili mu kudula. Kuuma kwapakati kukukulirakulira, ndipo mphamvu yodulira yofunikira ikuwonjezekanso.

Mbadwo wa ntchito anaumitsa wosanjikiza ndi kuwonjezeka kudula mphamvu mosalephera kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kukangana pakati pa chida ndi workpiece, ndi kudula kutentha kumawonjezera. Komanso, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi matenthedwe ang'onoang'ono otenthetsera komanso kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutentha kochuluka kwambiri kumayang'ana pakati pa chida ndi workpiece, zomwe zimawononga malo okonzedwa komanso zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe lapamwamba. Komanso, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumakulitsa chidacho kuvala, ndikupangitsa kuti chiwombankhanga chikhale cha nkhope ya chidacho, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mudzakhala ndi kusiyana, zomwe zingakhudze khalidwe lapamwamba la workpiece, kuchepetsa ntchitoyo ndikuwonjezera mtengo wopanga.

Njira zopititsira patsogolo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri:

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamwambapa kuti kukonza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala kovuta, ndipo wosanjikiza wowuma umapangidwa mosavuta panthawi yodula, ndipo mpeni umasweka mosavuta; tchipisi chopangidwa sichimathyoka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpeni ukhale womamatira, zomwe zidzakulitsa kuvala kwa chida. Processing mitundu yonse ya apamwamba zosapanga dzimbiri workpieces kuzindikira Titaniyamu makina, kwa makhalidwe kudula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pamodzi ndi kupanga kwenikweni, timayamba ku mbali zitatu za zida zida, magawo kudula ndi njira kuzirala, kupeza njira kusintha khalidwe la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri processing.

Choyamba, kusankha zida zipangizo

Kusankha chida choyenera ndiye maziko opangira magawo apamwamba. Chidacho ndi choyipa kwambiri kuti sichingagwire ntchito zoyenerera. Ngati chidacho chili chabwino kwambiri, chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamtundu wa gawolo, koma ndizosavuta kuwononga ndikuwonjezera mtengo wopanga. Kuphatikizana ndi kudula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kutayika kwabwino kwa kutentha, kusanjikiza kolimba, kosavuta kumangirira mpeni, ndi zina zotero, chida chosankhidwa chiyenera kukwaniritsa makhalidwe abwino a kukana kutentha, kukana kuvala kwakukulu ndi kugwirizana kochepa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

1, chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri

Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri ndi chitsulo chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi alloy ndi zinthu za alloy monga W, Mo, Cr, V, Go, ndi zina zotero. Zili ndi machitidwe abwino a ndondomeko, mphamvu zabwino ndi zolimba, komanso kukana mwamphamvu kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka. Ikhoza kusunga kuuma kwakukulu (HRC ikadali pamwamba pa 60) pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi kudula kwambiri (HRC ikadali pamwamba pa 60). Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimakhala ndi kuuma bwino kofiira ndipo ndi choyenera kwa odula mphero monga odula mphero ndi zida zotembenuza. Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kudula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kudula malo monga wosanjikiza wosanjikiza ndi kutaya kutentha kosauka.

W18Cr4V ndi ambiri mmene mkulu liwiro zitsulo chida. Kuyambira kubadwa kwake mu 1906, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa za kudula. Komabe, ndikusintha kosalekeza kwa zida zamakina azinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikukonzedwa, zida za W18Cr4V sizingathenso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukonza zida zovuta. Chitsulo chokwera kwambiri cha cobalt chimabadwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo wamba mkulu-liwiro, cobalt mkulu-liwiro chitsulo ali bwino kuvala kukana, wofiira kuuma ndi kudalirika ntchito. Ndi abwino kwa mkulu resection mlingo processing ndi anasokoneza kudula. Magiredi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi W12Cr4V5Co5.

2, chitsulo cholimba cha aloyi

Cemented carbide ndi zitsulo za ufa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba kwambiri zowuma (WC, TiC) zokhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono ka micron ndikuzipaka ndi cobalt kapena faifi tambala kapena molybdenum mu ng'anjo yopanda ma hydrogen kapena ng'anjo yochepetsera haidrojeni. mankhwala. Simenti ya carbide ili ndi mndandanda wazinthu zabwino kwambiri monga mphamvu zabwino ndi kulimba, kukana kutentha, kukana kuvala, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kuuma kwakukulu. Imakhalanso yosasinthika pa kutentha kwa 500 ° C, ndipo imakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu pa 1000 ° C, ndipo ndiyoyenera kudula zipangizo zovuta ku makina monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zosagwira kutentha. Ma aloyi olimba wamba amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: YG (tungsten-cobalt-based cemented carbide), YT-based (tungsten-titanium-cobalt-based), YW-based (tungsten-titanium-tantalum (铌)) nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumasiyananso kwambiri. Pakati pawo, ma aloyi olimba amtundu wa YG amakhala ndi kulimba kwabwino komanso matenthedwe abwino, ndipo ngodya yayikulu imatha kusankhidwa, yomwe ili yoyenera kudula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Chachiwiri, kusankha kudula magawo a geometric a zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri

Chowotcha ngodya γo: kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri, kulimba kwabwino, komanso zovuta kudulira panthawi yodula. Pansi pamalingaliro owonetsetsa mphamvu zokwanira za mpeni, ngodya yayikulu iyenera kusankhidwa, yomwe ingachepetse kusinthika kwa pulasitiki kwa chinthu chopangidwa ndi makina. Amachepetsanso kutentha kwa kudula ndi mphamvu yodula pamene amachepetsa mbadwo wa zigawo zowuma.

Mbali yakumbuyo αo: Kuchulukitsa kolowera kumbuyo kumachepetsa kukangana pakati pa malo opangidwa ndi makina ndi mbali, koma kuthekera kwa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kulimba kwa m'mphepete kudzachepanso. Kukula kwa ngodya yakumbuyo kumadalira makulidwe odulidwa. Pamene makulidwe odulidwa ndi aakulu, mbali yaying'ono yam'mbuyo iyenera kusankhidwa.

Main declination angle angle kr, declination angle k'r, and main declination angle angle kr amatha kuwonjezera kutalika kwa tsambalo, zomwe zimapindulitsa pakutentha kwa kutentha, koma zimawonjezera mphamvu ya radial panthawi yodula komanso sachedwa kugwedezeka. Mtengo wa kr nthawi zambiri umakhala 50. °～90 °, ngati kulimba kwa makina sikukwanira, kungawonjezedwe moyenera. Kutsika kwachiwiri kumatengedwa ngati k'r = 9 ° mpaka 15 °.

Mbali yokhotakhota ya tsamba λs: Kuti muonjezere mphamvu ya nsonga, mbali ya tsamba nthawi zambiri imakhala λs = 7 ° ~ -3 °.
Chachitatu, kusankha kudula madzimadzi ndi kuzizira kupita

Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, pali zofunika zapamwamba pakuzizira, kudzoza, kulowa ndi kuyeretsa ntchito yamadzi odula. Madzi odulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ali ndi mitundu iyi:

Emulsion: Ndi njira yozizira wamba yokhala ndi kuzizirira bwino, kuyeretsa komanso kudzoza mafuta. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

Mafuta a Sulfurized: Amatha kupanga sulfide yapamwamba kwambiri pazitsulo panthawi yodula, ndipo sizovuta kusweka pa kutentha kwakukulu. Imakhala ndi mafuta abwino komanso imakhala ndi kuzizirira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola, kukonzanso ndi kubowola.

Mafuta amchere monga mafuta a injini ndi mafuta opindika: Amakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yopaka mafuta, koma amakhala ndi kuziziritsa komanso kutsekemera bwino, ndipo ndi oyenera kumagalimoto omaliza ozungulira.

Mphuno yamadzi odulira iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi malo odulira panthawi yodulira, kapena makamaka ndi kuziziritsa kwakukulu, kuziziritsa kutsitsi kapena zina zotero.

Mwachidule, ngakhale chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi machinability osauka, chimakhala ndi zovuta zowumitsa ntchito kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu yodulira, kutsika kwamafuta otsika, kumamatira kosavuta, zida zosavuta kuvala, etc., koma bola ngati njira yoyenera yopangira ikupezeka, chida choyenera, njira yodulira ndi Kuchuluka kwa kudula, sankhani kozizira koyenera, kulingalira mwakhama pa ntchito, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zipangizo zina zovuta zidzakumananso ndi yankho la "tsamba".