Momwe mungawerengere liwiro lodulira ndi liwiro la chakudya cha CNC Machining Center?

Kudula liwiro ndi liwiro la chakudya cha CNC Machining Center:

 

1: liwiro la spindle = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa zida zambiri (VC): zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri 50 m / min; chida cholimba kwambiri 150 m / min; chida yokutidwa 250 m / min; ceramic diamondi chida 1000 m / min 3 processing aloyi zitsulo Brinell kuuma = 275-325 mkulu liwiro zitsulo chida vc = 18m / min; chida cholimba cha carbide vc = 70m / min (kukonza = 3mm; mlingo wa chakudya f = 0.3mm / R)cnc kutembenuza gawo

  

Pali njira ziwiri zowerengera liwiro la spindle, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu chitsanzo chotsatirachi:

 

① Liwiro la spindle: imodzi ndi g97 S1000, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti spindle imazungulira kuzungulira 1000 pamphindi, ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kosalekeza.cnc Machining gawo

 

Zina ndikuti G96 S80 ndi liwiro lokhazikika, lomwe ndi liwiro la spindle lomwe limatsimikiziridwa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.gawo lopangidwa ndi makina

 

Palinso mitundu iwiri ya liwiro chakudya, G94 F100, kusonyeza kuti mphindi imodzi kudula mtunda ndi 100 mm. Zina ndi g95 F0.1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwa chakudya cha zida ndi 0.1mm pakusintha kwa spindle. Kusankha kwa chida chodulira komanso kutsimikiza kwa kudula mu NC Machining ndi gawo lofunikira laukadaulo waukadaulo wa NC. Zimangokhudza magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina a NC, komanso zimakhudzanso mtundu wa makina.

 

Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa CAD / CAM, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji deta yamapangidwe a CAD mu NC Machining, makamaka kulumikizana kwa microcomputer ndi chida cha makina a NC, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe onse apangidwe, kukonza mapulani ndi mapulogalamu azitha pakompyuta. , ndipo nthawi zambiri safunikira kutulutsa zikalata zapadera.

 

Pakadali pano, mapulogalamu ambiri a CAD / CAM amapereka ntchito zodzipangira okha. Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amayambitsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kukonza ndondomeko mu mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu, monga kusankha zida, kukonza njira, kudula magawo, ndi zina zotero. amayika magawo oyenera.

 

Chifukwa chake, kusankha zida zodulira komanso kutsimikiza kwa magawo odulira mu NC Machining kumatsirizidwa pansi pa kuyanjana kwa makompyuta a anthu, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi makina opangira makina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimafunanso olemba mapulogalamu kuti adziwe mfundo zazikulu za kusankha zida ndi kutsimikiza kwa magawo odulidwa, ndikuganiziranso bwino za NC Machining pamene mapulogalamu.

 

I. mitundu ndi makhalidwe wamba kudula zida kwa CNC Machining

 

Zida zamakina za NC ziyenera kutengera mawonekedwe a liwiro lalitali, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa makina opangira makina a CNC, makamaka kuphatikiza zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, zida zolumikizira zida zonse ndi zida zingapo zapadera. Chogwirizira chida chiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi chidacho ndikuyika pamutu wamagetsi wa chida cha makina, kotero chakhala chokhazikika pang'onopang'ono ndikusinthidwa. Pali njira zambiri zoyika zida za NC.

 

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zida, zitha kugawidwa mu:

 

① mtundu wofunikira;

 

(2) mtundu wokongoletsedwa, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera kapena makina achitsulo. Machine clamp mtundu akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: non transposable mtundu ndi transposable mtundu;

 

③ mitundu yapadera, monga zida zodulira zophatikizika, zida zodulira mayamwidwe, etc.

 

Malinga ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chidacho, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

 

① wodula zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri;

 

② chida cha carbide;

 

③ wodula diamondi;

 

④ zida zodulira zida zina, monga zida zodulira za cubic boron nitride, zida zodulira ceramic, etc.

 

Tekinoloje yodula ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

 

① zida zotembenuza, kuphatikiza bwalo lakunja, dzenje lamkati, ulusi, zida zodulira, ndi zina;

 

② zida kubowola, kuphatikizapo kubowola, reamer, mpopi, etc;

 

③ wotopetsa chida;

 

④ zida mphero, etc.

 

Kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za CNC zida zida chida durability, bata, kusintha kosavuta ndi interchangeability, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, makina clamped indexable chida wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito, kufika 30% - 40% ya chiwerengero cha zida CNC, ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsulo kuchotsa nkhani 80% - 90% ya okwana.

 

Poyerekeza ndi ocheka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamakina wamba, odula a CNC ali ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ndi izi:

 

(1) kusasunthika kwabwino (makamaka zida zodulira movutikira), kulondola kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka kwazing'ono ndi kusinthika kwamafuta;

 

(2) kusinthana kwabwino, koyenera kusintha mwachangu chida;

 

(3) moyo utumiki mkulu, khola ndi odalirika kudula ntchito;

 

(4) kukula kwa chida ndikosavuta kusintha, kuti muchepetse nthawi yosinthira kusintha kwa chida;

 

(5) wodulayo amatha kuthyola kapena kupukuta tchipisi modalirika kuti athandizire kuchotsa chip;

 

(6) serialization ndi standardization kuti atsogolere mapulogalamu ndi kasamalidwe zida.

 

II. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zamakina za NC

 

Kusankhidwa kwa zida zodulira kumachitika mu chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi makompyuta a NC programming. Chida ndi chogwirira chidzasankhidwa molondola malinga ndi mphamvu ya makina a makina, ntchito ya workpiece, ndondomeko yowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa kudula ndi zina zofunika. Mfundo yaikulu ya kusankha chida ndi: kukhazikitsa kosavuta ndi kusintha, kusasunthika bwino, kukhazikika kwakukulu ndi kulondola. Pankhani yokwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina, yesani kusankha chogwirizira chachifupi kuti muwongolere kusasunthika kwa chida. Posankha chida, kukula kwa chidacho kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuti kukula kwapamwamba kwa workpiece kukonzedwa.

 

Popanga, chodula mphero nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mizere yozungulira ya mbali za ndege; pogaya mbali za ndege, chodula cha carbide mphero chiyenera kusankhidwa; pamene Machining bwana ndi poyambira, ndi mkulu-liwiro zitsulo mapeto mphero wodula ayenera kusankhidwa; pokonza malo opanda kanthu kapena dzenje lachitsulo, chodula chimanga chokhala ndi tsamba la carbide chikhoza kusankhidwa; pokonza mbiri yamitundu itatu ndi mizere yokhala ndi ngodya yosinthika ya bevel, chodulira mutu wa mpira ndi mphero ya mphete nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Wodula, wodula taper ndi disc cutter. Mu ndondomeko ya ufulu mawonekedwe pamwamba Machining, chifukwa mapeto kudula liwiro la wodula mutu mpira ndi ziro, pofuna kuonetsetsa Machining olondola, kudula mzere katayanitsidwe nthawi zambiri wandiweyani, kotero mpira mutu nthawi zambiri ntchito pamwamba kumaliza. . Wodula mutu wathyathyathya ndi wapamwamba kuposa wodula mutu wa mpira pamakina apamwamba komanso kudula bwino. Chifukwa chake, chodula mutu chathyathyathya chiyenera kusankhidwa mwachisawawa malinga ngati makina okhwima kapena omaliza a malo opindika akutsimikizika.

 

Kuonjezera apo, kukhazikika ndi kulondola kwa zida zodula zimakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi mtengo wa zida zodula. Tikumbukenso kuti, nthawi zambiri, kusankha bwino kudula chida kumawonjezera mtengo wa zida kudula, koma chifukwa kusintha kwa processing khalidwe ndi dzuwa akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa lonse processing mtengo.

 

Pamalo opangira makina, zida zamitundu yonse zimayikidwa pamagazini ya chida, ndipo amatha kusankha ndikusintha zida nthawi iliyonse malinga ndi pulogalamuyo. Chifukwa chake, chogwirizira chokhazikika cha chida chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zida zofananira pobowola, zotopetsa, zowonjezera, mphero ndi njira zina zitha kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu komanso molondola pa spindle kapena magazini ya chida cha makina. Wopanga mapulogalamu adzadziwa mawonekedwe apangidwe, njira yosinthira ndi kusintha kwamtundu wa chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chida cha makina, kuti adziwe kukula kwa ma radial ndi axial a chida pokonza. Pakali pano, TSG chida dongosolo ntchito Machining malo ku China. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zibowo za zida: ziboliboli zowongoka (zofotokozera zitatu) ndi zibowo za taper (zofotokozera zinayi), kuphatikiza mitundu 16 ya zibowo za zida pazolinga zosiyanasiyana. M'makina azachuma a NC, chifukwa pogaya, kuyeza ndikusintha zida zodulira nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamanja, zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukonza zida zodulira moyenera.

 

Nthawi zambiri, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

 

① kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida;

 

② Chida chikatsekeredwa, zida zonse zamakina zomwe zitha kuchitidwa ziyenera kumalizidwa;

 

③ zida zomangira movutikira komanso zomaliza zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito padera, ngakhale zomwe zili ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe;

 

④ mphero asanabowole;

 

⑤ malizitsani pamwamba, kenako malizitsani mizere iwiri;

 

⑥ ngati n'kotheka, chida chosinthira chida cha CNC chida chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga.

 

III. kutsimikiza kwa magawo odulidwa a CNC Machining

 

Mfundo ya kusankha koyenera kwa magawo odulira ndikuti mu makina ovuta, zokolola nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino, koma mtengo wachuma ndi makinawo uyeneranso kuganiziridwa; mu makina opangira ma theka-fine ndikumaliza, kudula bwino, chuma ndi mtengo wamakina ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamaziko owonetsetsa kuti makina ali abwino. Mtengo weniweniwo udzatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi buku la chida cha makina, magawo odulira ndi chidziwitso.

 

(1) kudula kuya t. Pamene kusasunthika kwa chida cha makina, workpiece ndi chida zimaloledwa, t ndi yofanana ndi machining allowance, yomwe ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo zokolola. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti makinawo ali olondola komanso amphamvu kwambiri pazigawo, malire ena ayenera kusungidwa kuti amalize. Malipiro omaliza a zida zamakina a CNC amatha kukhala ocheperako kuposa zida wamba zamakina.

 

(2) kudula m'lifupi L. Nthawi zambiri, l ndi molingana mwachindunji ndi chida m'mimba mwake D ndi inversely molingana ndi kudula kuya. M'makina a NC azachuma, kuchuluka kwa L kumakhala L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) kudula liwiro v. Kuchulukitsa V ndi muyeso wopititsa patsogolo zokolola, koma V imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kulimba kwa chida. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa V, kulimba kwa chida kumachepa kwambiri, kotero kusankha kwa V makamaka kumadalira kulimba kwa chida. Komanso, kudula liwiro alinso kwambiri ubale ndi processing zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphero 30crni2mova ndi mapeto mphero wodula, V akhoza kukhala za 8m / min; pamene mphero zotayidwa aloyi ndi yemweyo mapeto mphero wodula, V akhoza kukhala oposa 200m / min.

 

(4) liwiro la spindle n (R / min). Liwiro la spindle limasankhidwa molingana ndi liwiro lodulira v. Njira yowerengera ndi: pomwe D ndi mainchesi a chida kapena chogwirira ntchito (mm). Nthawi zambiri, gulu lowongolera la zida zamakina a CNC lili ndi masinthidwe a spindle (ambiri), omwe amatha kusintha liwiro la spindle pokonza makina.

 

(5) liwiro la chakudya vfvfvf lidzasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za makina olondola ndi kuuma kwapamwamba kwa zigawozo komanso zida za zida ndi ntchito. Kuwonjezeka kwa VF kungathandizenso kupanga bwino. Pamene roughness pamwamba ndi otsika, VF akhoza kusankhidwa lalikulu. Pakupanga makina, VF imathanso kusinthidwa pamanja kudzera pakusintha kosinthira pagawo lowongolera la chida cha makina, koma kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri kumachepetsedwa ndi kulimba kwa zida ndi magwiridwe antchito a chakudya.