Momwe mungawerengere liwiro lodulira ndi liwiro la chakudya cha CNC Machining Center?

Kudula liwiro ndi liwiro la chakudya cha CNC Machining Center:

 

1: liwiro la spindle = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa zida zambiri (VC): zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri 50 m / min; chida chovuta kwambiri 150 m / min; chida TACHIMATA 250 m / min; ceramic diamondi chida 1000 m / min 3 processing aloyi zitsulo Brinell kuuma = 275-325 mkulu-liwiro zitsulo chida vc = 18m / min; chida cholimba cha carbide vc = 70m / min (kukonza = 3mm; mlingo wa chakudya f = 0.3mm / R)Kusintha kwa mtengo wa CNC

  

Pali njira ziwiri zowerengera liwiro la spindle, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu chitsanzo chotsatirachi:

 

① Liwiro la spindle: imodzi ndi g97 S1000, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti spindle imazungulira kuzungulira 1000 pamphindi, ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kosalekeza.CNC Machining gawo

Zina ndikuti G96 S80 ili ndi liwiro lokhazikika, pomwe malo ogwirira ntchito amatsimikizira liwiro la spindle.gawo lopangidwa ndi makina

 

Palinso maulendo awiri a keed, G94 F100, kusonyeza kuti mtunda wodula mphindi imodzi ndi 100 mm. Zina ndi g95 F0.1, kutanthauza kuti kukula kwa chakudya cha zida ndi 0.1mm pa kusintha kwa spindle. Kusankha kwa chida chodulira komanso kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa kudula mu NC Machining ndi gawo lofunikira laukadaulo waukadaulo wa NC. Sizimangokhudza magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina a NC komanso zimakhudzanso mtundu wa makina.

 

Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa CAD / CAM, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ma data apangidwe a CAD mu NC Machining mwachindunji, makamaka kulumikizana kwa ma microcomputer ndi chida cha makina a NC, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe onse apangidwe, kukonza mapulani, ndi kukonza mapulogalamu kukwaniritsidwe. kompyuta. Nthawi zambiri, siziyenera kutulutsa zolemba zinazake.

 

Pakadali pano, mapulogalamu ambiri a CAD / CAM amapereka ntchito zodzipangira okha. Pulogalamuyi nthawi zambiri imayambitsa mavuto amtundu wa reprogramming akukonzekera ndondomeko, monga kusankha zida, kukonza njira, kudula magawo, ndi zina zotero. .

 

Chifukwa chake, kusankha zida zodulira ndikuzindikira magawo odulira mu makina a NC kumatsirizidwa pansi pa kuyanjana kwa makompyuta a anthu, omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi makina opangira zida zamakina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimafunanso olemba mapulogalamu kuti adziwe bwino mfundo zoyambirira za kusankha zida ndi kutsimikiza kwa magawo odulidwa ndikuganizira bwino za NC Machining pamene mapulogalamu.

 

I. Mitundu ndi makhalidwe a muyezo kudula zida CNC Machining

 

Zida zamakina za NC ziyenera kutengera liwiro lalitali, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zamakina a CNC, kuphatikiza zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, zida zolumikizirana zonse, ndi zida zingapo zapadera. Chida chogwiritsira ntchito chiyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chidacho ndikuyika pamutu wa mphamvu ya makina, nawonso, kotero kuti pang'onopang'ono chakhala chokhazikika komanso chosasunthika. Pali njira zambiri zoyika zida za NC.

 

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zida, zitha kugawidwa mu:

 

① mtundu wofunikira;

 

(2) Mtundu wokongoletsedwa umalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera kapena makina achitsulo. Machine achepetsa mtundu akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: nonontransposableype ndi transposable mtundu;

 

③ mitundu ina, monga zida zodulira zophatikizika, zida zodulira mayamwidwe, ndi zina.

 

Malinga ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chidacho, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

 

① Wodula zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri;

 

② chida cha carbide;

 

③ wodula diamondi;

 

④ zida zodulira zida zina, monga kiyubiki boron nitride, ceramic, etc.

 

Tekinoloje yodula ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

 

① Zida zotembenuza, kuphatikiza bwalo lakunja, dzenje lamkati, ulusi, zida zodulira, ndi zina;

 

② zida kubowola, kuphatikizapo kubowola, reamer, mpopi, etc;

 

③ wotopetsa chida;

 

④ zida mphero, etc.

 

IToadapt ku zofunikira za CNC zida zida kuti chida durability, bata, kusintha kosavuta, ndi interchangeability, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, makina-clamped indexable chida wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito, kufika 30% - 40% ya chiwerengero cha zida CNC, ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa zitsulo kumawerengera 80% - 90% yonse.

 

Poyerekeza ndi ocheka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamakina wamba, odula a CNC ali ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ndi izi:

 

(1) kusasunthika kwabwino (makamaka zida zodulira movutikira), kulondola kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka pang'ono, ndikusintha kwamafuta;

 

(2) kusinthana kwabwino, koyenera kusintha mwachangu chida;

 

(3) moyo utumiki mkulu, khola ndi odalirika kudula ntchito;

 

(4) kukula kwa chida ndikosavuta kusintha, kumachepetsa nthawi yosinthira kusintha kwa chida;

 

(5) cCutter idzatha kuthyola kapena kugudubuza tchipisi modalirika kuti zithandizire kuchotsa tchipisi;

 

(6) serializatCutterd standardization kuti atsogolere mapulogalamu ndi kasamalidwe ka zida.

 

II. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zamakina za NC

 

Kusankhidwa kwa zida zodulira kumachitika mu chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi makompyuta a NC programming. Chida ndi chogwiriracho chidzasankhidwa moyenera malinga ndi mphamvu ya makina a makina, ntchito ya workpiece, ndondomeko yopangira, kudula, ndi zina zofunika. Mfundo zosankha zida ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikusintha, kusasunthika kwabwino, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kulondola. Kukwaniritsa zofunika Machining, yesetsani kusankha lalifupi chida chogwiririra kusintha rigidity wa Machining chida. Posankha chida, kukula kwa chidacho kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuti kukula kwapamwamba kwa workpiece kukonzedwa.

 

Popanga, chodula mphero nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mizere yozungulira ya mbali za ndege; pogaya mbali za ndege, chodula cha carbide mphero chiyenera kusankhidwa; pamene Machining bwana ndi poyambira, mkulu-liwiro zitsulo mapeto mphero wodula ayenera kusankhidwa; pokonza malo opanda kanthu kapena dzenje lachitsulo, chodula chimanga chokhala ndi tsamba la carbide chikhoza kusankhidwa; pokonza mawonekedwe amitundu itatu ndi mizere yokhala ndi ngodya yosinthika, chodulira mutu wa mpira ndi mphero ya mphete zidabuka zidagwiritsidwa ntchito CCutter taper cutter ndi disc cutter. M'kati mwa makina amtundu waulere, chifukwa liwiro la kudula kwa mutu wa mpira ndi ziro, kuti muwonetsetse kuti makina olondola, kudula mzere nthawi zambiri kumakhala wandiweyani, kotero mutu wa mpira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza pamwamba. Wodula mutu wathyathyathya ndi wapamwamba kuposa wodula mutu wa mpira pamakina apamwamba komanso kudula bwino. Chifukwa chake, chodula mutu wathyathyathya chiyenera kusankhidwa makamaka ngati makina opindika kapena omaliza atsimikizika.

 

Kuonjezera apo, kukhazikika ndi kulondola kwa zida zodula zimakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi mtengo wa zida zodula. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, nthawi zambiri, kusankha zida zabwino zodulira kumawonjezera mtengo wa zida zodulira, Komabe, kusintha komwe kukuchitika pakukonza bwino komanso kuchita bwino kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wonsewo.

 

Pamalo opangira makina, zida zamitundu yonse zimayikidwa m'magazini ya zida, ndipo amatha kusankha ndikusintha zida nthawi iliyonse malinga ndi pulogalamuyo. Chifukwa chake, chogwirira ntchito chokhazikika chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zida zokhazikika zoboola, zotopetsa, zowonjezera, mphero, ndi njira zina zitha kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu komanso molondola pa spindle kapena magazini ya chida cha makina. Wopanga pulogalamuyo adzadziwa kukula kwake, njira yosinthira, ndikusintha kwamtundu wa chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chida cha makina kuti adziwe kukula kwa zida za radial ndi axial pokonza mapulogalamu. Pakadali pano, chida cha G chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira makina ku China. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zibowo za zida: ziboliboli zowongoka (zitatu) ndi taper shanks (zodziwika zinayi), kuphatikiza ziboliboli za zida 16 pazolinga zosiyanasiyana. M'makina azachuma a NC, chifukwa pogaya, kuyeza, ndikusintha zida zodulira nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamanja, zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kukonza dongosolo la zida zodulira.

 

Nthawi zambiri, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

 

① kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida;

 

② Chida chikatsekeredwa, zida zonse zamakina zomwe zitha kuchitidwa ziyenera kumalizidwa;

 

③ zida zomangira movutikira komanso zomaliza zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito padera, ngakhale zomwe zili ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe;

 

④ Kupera musanabowole;

 

⑤ Malizani pamwamba poyamba, kenako malizitsani mizere iwiri;

 

⑥ ngati n'kotheka, chida chosinthira chida cha CNC chida chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga.

 

III. Kutsimikiza kudula magawo a CNC Machining

 

Mfundo ya kusankha koyenera kwa magawo odulira ndikuti mu makina ovuta, zokolola nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino, koma mtengo wachuma ndi makinawo uyeneranso kuganiziridwa; pakukonza ndi kumalizitsa kwa theka-fine, kudula bwino, chuma, ndi mtengo wamakina ziyenera kuonedwa ngati pamaziko owonetsetsa kuti makina ali abwino. Mtengo weniweniwo udzatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi buku la chida cha makina, buku la magawo odulira, komanso chidziwitso.

 

(1) kudula kuya t. Pamene kusasunthika kwa chida cha makina, workpiece, ndi chida kumaloledwa, ndizofanana ndi malipiro a makina, omwe ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo zokolola. Mphepete mwapang'onopang'ono iyenera kusungidwa kuti imalizike kuti zitsimikizire kuti makinawa ndi olondola komanso amphamvu. Malipiro omaliza a zida zamakina a CNC amatha kukhala ocheperako kuposa zida wamba zamakina.

 

(2) kudula m'lifupi L. Nthawi zambiri, l ndi molingana mwachindunji ndi chida m'mimba mwake D ndi inversely molingana ndi kudula kuya. M'makina a NC azachuma, kuchuluka kwa L kumakhala L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) kudula liwiro v. Kuchulukitsa V ndi muyeso wopititsa patsogolo zokolola, koma V imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kulimba kwa chida. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa V, kulimba kwa chida kumachepa kwambiri, kotero kusankha V makamaka kumadalira kulimba kwa chida. Komanso, kudula liwiro alinso kwambiri ubale ndi processing zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphero 30crni2mova ndi enan d mphero wodula, V akhoza pafupifupi 8m / min; pamene mphero zotayidwa aloyi ndi yemweyo mapeto mphero wodula, V akhoza kukhala oposa 200m / min.

 

(4) liwiro la spindle n (R / min). Liwiro la spindle limasankhidwa molingana ndi liwiro lodulira v. Njira yowerengera s: pomwe D ndi mainchesi a chida kapena chogwirira ntchito (mm). GeTypically gulu lowongolera la zida zamakina a CNC lili ndi masinthidwe a spindle (ambiri), omwe amatha kusintha liwiro la makina opangira makina.

 

(5) liwiro la chakudya vfvfvf lidzasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za makina olondola ndi kuuma kwapamwamba kwa zigawozo komanso zida za zida ndi ntchito. Kuwonjezeka kwa ofinF kungathandizenso kupanga bwino. Pamene roughness ya pamwamba ili yochepa, VF ikhoza kusankhidwa kwambiri. Pamakina opanga makina, VF imathanso kusinthidwa pamanja kudzera pakusintha kosinthira pagawo lowongolera la chida cha makina, Komabe, kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa chakudya kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha kulimba kwa zida komanso magwiridwe antchito a chakudya.