Nditayika turret pa lathe yanga ya CNC, ndidayamba kuganiza momwe ndingayivalire ndi zida zofunika. Zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusankha zida zimaphatikizapo zomwe zidachitika kale, upangiri wa akatswiri, ndi kafukufuku. Ndikufuna kugawana nawo mfundo zisanu ndi zinayi zofunika kukuthandizani kukhazikitsa zida pa lathe yanu ya CNC. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti awa ndi malingaliro chabe, ndipo zida zingafunikire kusinthidwa malinga ndi ntchito zomwe zilipo.
#1 OD Zida Zovuta
Nthawi zambiri ntchito imatha kutha popanda zida za OD. Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi OD zoyikapo, monga zoyikapo zodziwika bwino za CNMG ndi WNMG, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pali ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri pazoyika zonse ziwirizi, ndipo mkangano wabwino kwambiri ndikuti WNMG itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mipiringidzo yotopetsa ndipo imakhala yolondola bwino, pomwe ambiri amawona kuti CNMG ndi cholowa cholimba kwambiri.
Pokambirana za roughing, tiyeneranso kuganizira zogwiritsa ntchito zida. Popeza pali zitoliro zochepa zomwe zimapezeka mu lathe turret, anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito chida cha OD choyang'ana. Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino malinga ngati musunga kuya kwa kudula komwe kuli kocheperako kuposa mphuno yoyikapo. Komabe, ngati ntchito yanu ikukhudza zambiri, mungafune kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyang'ana chodzipereka. Ngati mukukumana ndi mpikisano, kuyika kwa CCGT/CCMT ndikwabwino kusankha.
#2 Kumanzere vs. Zida Zam'mbali Zamanja za Kusokoneza
CNMG Left Hook Knife (LH)
CNMG Right Side Knife (RH)
Nthawi zonse pamakhala zambiri zoti tikambirane za LH vs. RH zida, popeza mitundu yonse ya zida ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa.
Kugwiritsira ntchito RH kumapereka mwayi wofanana ndi mayendedwe a spindle, kuthetsa kufunika kosintha njira yobowola. Izi zimachepetsa kuvala kwa makina, kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi, ndikupewa kuyendetsa spindle molakwika kwa chida.
Kumbali inayi, zida za LH zimapereka mphamvu zambiri zamahatchi ndipo ndizoyenera kuvutitsa kwambiri. Imawongolera kulowera pansi mu lathe, kuchepetsa macheza, kuwongolera kutha kwa pamwamba, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito koziziritsa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti tikukambirana za chogwirizira kumanja kumanja ndi kumanja kumanzere. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudza momwe spindle imayendera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito LH kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusintha masamba chifukwa cha kasinthidwe kake kumanja-mmwamba.
Ngati izi sizinali zovuta mokwanira, mutha kutembenuza chidacho mozondoka ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito kudula mbali ina. Onetsetsani kuti spindle ikuyenda bwino.
#3 OD Kumaliza Zida
Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito chida chomwecho pomaliza ndi kumalizitsa, koma pali njira zabwino zomwe mungakwaniritsire kumaliza. Ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zoyika zosiyanasiyana pa chida chilichonse - chimodzi chokokera, china chomaliza, chomwe ndi njira yabwinoko. Zoyika zatsopano zitha kukhazikitsidwa pamakina omalizitsa kenako ndikusunthira ku makina ovutitsa pomwe sizikhalanso zakuthwa. Komabe, kusankha zoyikamo zosiyanasiyana zokokera ndi kumaliza kumapereka magwiridwe antchito komanso kusinthasintha.Zosankha zodziwika bwino za zida zomalizira zomwe ndimapeza ndi DNMG (pamwambapa) ndi VNMG (pansipa):
Zoyika za VNMG ndi CNMG ndizofanana, koma VNMG ndiyoyenera kudulidwa kolimba. Ndikofunikira kuti chida chomaliza chizitha kufikira malo othina kwambiri. Monga ngati makina opangira mphero pomwe mumayamba ndi chodula chokulirapo kuti mutulutse thumba koma kenaka sinthani ku chodula chaching'ono kuti mupeze ngodya zolimba, mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito pakutembenuza. Kuphatikiza apo, zoyikapo zoonda izi, monga VNMG, zimathandizira kutulutsa bwino kwa chip poyerekeza ndi zoyika movutikira monga CNMG. Tchipisi zing'onozing'ono nthawi zambiri zimatsekeredwa pakati pa 80 ° ndi chogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zolakwika pakumaliza. Chifukwa chake, kuchotsa bwino tchipisi ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongacnc Machining zitsulo mbali.
#4 Zida Zodula
Ntchito zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo kudula magawo angapo kuchokera pa bar imodzi zimafuna chida chodulidwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukweza turret yanu ndi chida chodulira. Anthu ambiri amawoneka kuti amakonda mtundu wodula wokhala ndi zoyika zosinthika, monga zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito ndikuyika kwamtundu wa GTN:
Masitayilo ang'onoang'ono amawakonda, ndipo ena amatha kukhala opangidwa ndi manja kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito awo.
Choyikapo chodula chingathandizenso ntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa chisel amatha kupindika kuti muchepetse slug mbali imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zoyika zina zimakhala ndi mphuno yozungulira, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigwiritsidwanso ntchito potembenuza. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti utali wozungulira womwe uli pansonga ukhoza kukhala wocheperako kuposa mainchesi akulu akunja (OD) kumaliza mphuno.
Kodi mukudziwa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mphero yamaso ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya panjira yopangira gawo la CNC?
Liwiro la chodulira mphero ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri muCNC Machining ndondomekozomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ubwino, mphamvu, komanso kutsika mtengo kwa magawo opangidwa ndi makina. Umu ndi momwe zinthu izi zimakhudzira ntchitoyi:
Kuthamanga kwa Face Milling Cutter (Spindle Speed)
Surface Finish:
Kuthamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa liwiro la kudula, komwe kumachepetsa kuuma kwa pamwamba. Komabe, kuthamanga kwambiri nthawi zina kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kapena kuvala kwambiri pa chida, zomwe zingasokoneze mapeto a pamwamba.
Zida Zovala:
Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumawonjezera kutentha pamphepete, zomwe zingathe kufulumizitsa kuvala kwa zida.
Kuthamanga koyenera kuyenera kusankhidwa kuti muzitha kudula bwino ndi zida zochepa.
Nthawi Yopanga:
Kuthamanga kowonjezereka kungachepetse nthawi yopangira makina, kupititsa patsogolo zokolola.
Kuthamanga kwambiri kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa moyo wa zida, kuonjezera nthawi yochepetsera kusintha kwa zida.
Feed Rate
Mtengo Wochotsa Zinthu (MRR):
Zakudya zapamwamba zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochotsa, motero zimachepetsa nthawi yonse yopanga makina.
Kudya kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kosawoneka bwino komanso kuwonongeka kwa chida ndi chogwirira ntchito.
Surface Finish:
Mitengo yotsika ya chakudya imapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake ikhale yabwino chifukwa chida chimapanga mabala ang'onoang'ono.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kungapangitse malo ovuta chifukwa cha katundu wokulirapo.
Katundu wa Zida ndi Moyo:
Kudya kwapamwamba kumawonjezera katundu pa chida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mavalidwe apamwamba azitha kukhala ndi moyo wamfupi wa zida. Mlingo woyenera wa chakudya uyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti uyenera kulinganiza kuchotsa zinthu moyenera ndi moyo wa zida zovomerezeka. Kuphatikizika kwa Liwiro ndi Kudya Kwakudya
Kudula Mphamvu:
Kuthamanga kwapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumawonjezera mphamvu zodulira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi. Ndikofunikira kulinganiza magawowa kuti mukhalebe ndi mphamvu zowongolera ndikupewa kupotoza kwa zida kapena kupunduka kwa workpiece.
Kusintha kwa Kutentha:
Kuwonjezeka kwachangu komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumathandizira kukulitsa kutentha. Kuwongolera koyenera kwa magawowa, pamodzi ndi kuzizira kokwanira, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa workpiece ndi chida.
Face Milling Basics
Kodi mphero ndi chiyani?
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbali ya mphero, imatchedwa "peripheral milling." Ngati tidula kuchokera pansi, amatchedwa mphero ya nkhope, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitikamolondola cnc mpheroocheka amatchedwa "mills nkhope" kapena "zipolopolo zipolopolo." Mitundu iwiriyi ya odula mphero ndi chinthu chomwecho.
Mutha kumvanso "milling ya nkhope," yomwe imatchedwa "surface milling." Posankha mphero yakumaso, lingalirani za kutalika kwa chodulira- zimabwera zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Sankhani makulidwe a zida kuti liwiro lodulira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, liwiro la spindle, ndi mphamvu zamahatchi zomwe zimadulidwa zikhale mkati mwamakina anu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chida chodulira chokulirapo kuposa malo omwe mukugwirako, ngakhale mphero zazikulu zimafunikira chopotera champhamvu kwambiri ndipo sichingakwane mumipata yothina.
Nambala ya Zoyika:
Pamene amaika kwambiri, m'mphepete kwambiri kudula, ndipo mofulumira chakudya mlingo wa nkhope mphero. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumatanthauza kuti ntchitoyo ikhoza kuchitidwa mofulumira. Mphero zakumaso zokhala ndi choyikapo chimodzi zimatchedwa zodula ntchentche. Koma mofulumira nthawi zina bwino. Muyenera kusintha kutalika kwake pazoyika zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti mphero yanu yamitundu yambiri imafika bwino ngati chodulira cha ntchentche cholowetsa kamodzi. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwake kwa chodulira kumafunikanso kuyika zambiri.
Geometry: Izi zimatengera mawonekedwe a zoyikapo komanso momwe zimasungidwira pamphero yakumaso.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane funso la geometry iyi mozama.
Kusankha mphero yabwino kwambiri: 45-degree kapena 90-degree?
Tikanena za madigiri 45 kapena madigiri 90, tikukamba za ngodya ya m'mphepete mwa chodula mphero. Mwachitsanzo, wodula kumanzere ali ndi mbali yodula ya madigiri 45 ndipo wodula kumanja ali ndi mbali yodula ya madigiri 90. Ngodya imeneyi imadziwikanso kuti kutsogolo kwa wodula.
Nawa magawo abwino kwambiri opangira ma geometries osiyanasiyana amilling cutter:
Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa 45-degree Face Milling
Ubwino:
Malinga ndi onse a Sandvik ndi Kennametal, ocheka ma degree 45 amalimbikitsidwa kuti azipukuta nkhope. Zolinga zake ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito odulira ma degree 45 kumachepetsa mphamvu zodulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri za axial ndi radial. Kuwongolera uku sikumangowonjezera kutha kwa pamwamba komanso kumapindulitsa ma bere ozungulira pochepetsa komanso kufananiza mphamvu zama radial.
-Kuchita bwino polowa ndi kutuluka - kukhudzika kochepa, chizolowezi chocheperako.
-45-madigiri odula m'mphepete ndiabwinoko pakudula kofunikira.
-Kumaliza kwabwinoko - 45 ili ndi kumaliza kwabwinoko. Kugwedezeka kwapansi, mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, ndi -better entry geometry ndi zifukwa zitatu.
-Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chip kumayamba ndikupangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chokwera. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumatanthauza kuchotsa zinthu zapamwamba, ndipo ntchitoyo imachitika mofulumira.
-45-degree mphero amaso alinso ndi zovuta zina:
-Kuchepetsa kuya kwakukulu kwa kudula chifukwa cha ngodya yotsogolera.
-Ma diameter akulu amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zochotsa.
-Palibe mphero ya ma degree 90 kapena mphero
-Zitha kuyambitsa kupukuta kapena ma burrs kumbali yotuluka ya kasinthasintha wa chida.
-90 madigiri imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yocheperako (axial), pafupifupi theka lambiri. Izi ndizopindulitsa pamakoma opyapyala, pomwe mphamvu yochulukirapo imatha kuyambitsa macheza ndi zina. Zimathandizanso pamene kugwira gawolo mwamphamvu muzitsulo kumakhala kovuta kapena kosatheka.
Tisaiwale za mphero zakumaso. Amaphatikiza zina mwazabwino zamtundu uliwonse wa mphero komanso ndizolimba kwambiri. Ngati mukuyenera kugwira ntchito ndi zida zovuta, mphero ikhoza kukhala chisankho chanu chabwino. Ngati mukuyang'ana zotsatira zabwino, ndiye kuti mungafunike chodulira ntchentche. Nthawi zambiri, chodulira ntchentche chimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pamtunda. Mwa njira, mutha kusintha mosavuta mphero iliyonse ya nkhope kukhala chodulira bwino cha ntchentche ndi m'mphepete umodzi wokha.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2024