Mpando wa crossbeam slide ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zamakina, zodziwika ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe aliwonse ampando wa crossbeam slide amafanana mwachindunji ndi malo ake olumikizirana ndi crossbeam. Komabe, pamene mukusintha kuchoka pa slide ya ma axis asanu kupita ku slide ya ma axis heavy-duty cutting slide, kusintha kumachitika nthawi imodzi pampando wa crossbeam slide, crossbeam, ndi njanji yowongolera. M'mbuyomu, kuti akwaniritse zofuna za msika, zida zazikulu zidayenera kukonzedwanso, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yotsogola, kukwera mtengo, komanso kusasinthana bwino.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, mpando watsopano wa crossbeam slide wapangidwa kuti ukhale ndi mawonekedwe akunja ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a chilengedwe chonse. Izi zimathandiza kuti unsembe wa asanu olamulira olemera-ntchito kudula slide popanda kusintha kwa crossbeam kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu structural, komanso kukhutiritsa okhwima amafuna. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwaukadaulo waukadaulo kwathandizira kulondola kwapampando wa crossbeam slide. Kukhathamiritsa kwapangidwe kotereku, pamodzi ndi njira zake zogwirira ntchito, kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kukwezedwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwamakampani.
1. Mawu Oyamba
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kukula kwa mphamvu ndi torque kumakhudza mawonekedwe a gawo loyikapo mutu wa olamulira asanu. Mpando wa slide, womwe uli ndi slide yapadziko lonse lapansi ya ma axis asanu, ukhoza kulumikizidwa ndi mtengo wapadziko lonse lapansi kudzera pa njanji yamzere. Komabe, ma slide odulira amphamvu kwambiri komanso ma torque apamwamba amaposa 30% kuposa ma slide wamba wamba.
Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kumafunika pamapangidwe a mpando wa slide. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukonzanso uku ndikutha kugawana mtengo womwewo ndi mpando wa slide wapadziko lonse lapansi wa axis asanu. Njira iyi imathandizira kupanga nsanja ya modular. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono, kufupikitsa nthawi yopangira, kumachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira, ndikulola kuti zitheke kusintha kusintha kwa msika.
Chiyambi cha kapangidwe ka mpando wa slide wamtundu wa batch
Dongosolo lodziwika bwino la ma axis asanu makamaka limapangidwa ndi zigawo zazikulu monga benchi yogwirira ntchito, mpando wowongolera njanji, mtanda, mpando wa slide, ndi slide-axis slide. Kukambitsiranaku kumayang'ana pa kamangidwe kake ka mpando wa slide, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 1. Mipando iwiri ya mipando ya slide imakhala yofanana ndipo imakhala ndi mbale zowonjezera, zapakati, ndi zapansi, zomwe zimakhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu. Mipando yotsetsereka yofanana iyi imayang'anizana ndikumangirira mbale zothandizira palimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpando wokhala ngati "m'kamwa" wokhala ndi chokumbatira (onani chithunzi chapamwamba pa chithunzi 1). Miyezo yomwe yasonyezedwa pachiwonetsero chachikulu imayimira mayendedwe a mtengowo, pomwe miyeso ya kumanzere ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakulumikizana ndi mtengowo ndipo iyenera kutsata kulolerana kwapadera.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe a mpando wa slide wa munthu aliyense, kuti athandizire kukonza, magulu asanu ndi limodzi apamwamba ndi otsika omwe amalumikizana ndi ma slide pa mphambano ya mawonekedwe a "I" - okhala ndi pamwamba patali ndi pakatikati yopapatiza - amakhazikika pamalo amodzi okha. Dongosololi limatsimikizira kuti kulondola kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a geometric kutha kukwaniritsidwa mwa kukonza bwino. Magulu apamwamba, apakati, ndi apansi a mbale zothandizira amangokhala ngati chithandizo chokhazikika, chosavuta komanso chothandiza. Miyeso yapang'onopang'ono ya slide ya 5-axis, yomwe idapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pano ndi 420 mm × 420 mm. Kuonjezera apo, zolakwika zikhoza kubwera panthawi yokonza ndi kusonkhanitsa slide yachisanu-axis. Kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha komaliza, mbale zothandizira zapamwamba, zapakati, ndi zotsika ziyenera kusunga mipata pamalo otsekedwa, omwe pambuyo pake amadzazidwa ndi jekeseni kuti apange mawonekedwe otsekedwa otsekedwa. Zosinthazi zitha kuyambitsa zolakwika, makamaka pampando wopindika wa crossbeam, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1. Miyeso iwiri ya 1050 mm ndi 750 mm ndiyofunikira pakulumikizana ndi mtanda.
Malingana ndi mfundo zamapangidwe a modular, miyeso iyi singasinthidwe kuti ikhale yogwirizana, yomwe imalepheretsa mwachindunji kukula ndi kusinthika kwa mpando wa slide crossbeam. Ngakhale masinthidwe awa atha kukwaniritsa zomwe makasitomala amafuna m'misika ina kwakanthawi, sikugwirizana ndi zomwe msika ukufunikira masiku ano.
Ubwino wa kapangidwe katsopano komanso ukadaulo wopanga
3.1 Chiyambi cha Kapangidwe Katsopano
Kukwezeleza kwa ntchito zamsika kwapatsa anthu kumvetsetsa mozama pakukonza zakuthambo. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa torque yayikulu komanso mphamvu yayikulu m'magawo ena okonza zinthu kwadzetsa chizolowezi chatsopano pamakampani. Poyankha izi, mpando watsopano wa crossbeam slide wopangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mutu wa ma axis asanu ndipo wokhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri wapangidwa. Cholinga chachikulu cha mapangidwe awa ndikuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zodulira zolemetsa zomwe zimafuna torque yayikulu ndi mphamvu.
Mapangidwe atsopano a mpando watsopano wa crossbeam slide akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. Imagawanika mofanana ndi slide ya chilengedwe chonse ndipo imakhala ndi mipando iwiri ya symmetrical crossbeam slide, pamodzi ndi magulu awiri a mapepala apamwamba, apakati, ndi otsika, omwe amapanga kukumbatirana mtundu kapangidwe.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mapangidwe atsopano ndi chitsanzo chachikhalidwe chagona pa malo a mpando wa slide wa crossbeam ndi mbale zothandizira, zomwe zazunguliridwa ndi 90 ° poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe achizolowezi. M'mipando yachikhalidwe ya crossbeam slide, mbale zothandizira makamaka zimagwira ntchito yothandizira. Komabe, mawonekedwe atsopanowa amaphatikiza malo oyika ma slider pamiyala yakumtunda ndi yapansi yothandizira pampando wa crossbeam slide, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ogawanika mosiyana ndi amtundu wamba. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kukonza bwino ndikusintha malo olumikizirana pamwamba ndi otsika kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi coplanar ndi slider yolumikizira pampando wa crossbeam slide.
Kapangidwe kake kameneka kamakhala ndi mipando iwiri ya symmetrical crossbeam slide, yokhala ndi mbale zamtunda, zapakati, ndi zapansi zomwe zimakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe a "T", okhala ndi nsonga yotakata komanso yocheperapo. Miyezo ya 1160mm ndi 1200mm kumanzere kwa Chithunzi 2 imapitilira njira yodutsamo, pomwe makiyi omwe amagawana nawo a 1050mm ndi 750mm amakhalabe ogwirizana ndi omwe amakhala pampando wamba wa crossbeam.
Mapangidwe awa amalola mpando watsopano wa crossbeam slide kugawana kwathunthu mtanda wotseguka womwewo monga mtundu wamba. Njira yovomerezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pampando watsopano wa crossbeam slide imaphatikizapo kudzaza ndi kuumitsa kusiyana pakati pa mbale yothandizira ndi mpando wotsetsereka wa crossbeam pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni, ndikupanga cholumikizira chophatikizika chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi 600mm x 600mm-axis heavy-duty cutting slide. .
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera kumanzere kwa Chithunzi 2, kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa slider kugwirizana pamwamba pa mpando wa slide wa crossbeam umene umatetezera slide ya 5-axis heavy-duty cutting slide imapanga dongosolo logawanika. Chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe zingatheke pokonza, slider positioning pamwamba ndi zina za dimensional ndi geometric kulondola kwake sizingakhale pa ndege yopingasa yomweyi, zomwe zimasokoneza kukonza. Pazifukwa izi, kukonzanso koyenera kwachitika kuti kuwonetsetse kuti msonkhano uyenera kukhala wolondola pamagawo ogawanika.
3.2 Coplanar Akupera Kufotokozera
Kumaliza kwa theka la mpando umodzi wa slide kumatsirizidwa ndi makina olondola amphero, ndikusiya malipiro omaliza. Iyenera kufotokozedwa apa, ndipo kutsirizitsa kokha kumafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Njira yeniyeni yogaya ikufotokozedwa motere.
1) Mipando iwiri ya symmetrical slide imayang'aniridwa ndi chidutswa chimodzi. Chidachi chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3. Malo omaliza, omwe amatchedwa pamwamba A, amakhala ngati malo oyikapo ndipo amamangiriridwa pa chopukusira njanji. Zomwe zili pamwamba pa B ndi ndondomeko ya C ndizokhazikika kuti zitsimikizire kuti kulondola kwake kwa mawonekedwe ndi geometric kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa pachithunzichi.
2) Kuti tithane ndi vuto la kukonza zolakwika zomwe sizinali za coplanar mu kapangidwe kamene tatchula pamwambapa, tapanga zida zinayi zokhazikika zokhazikika zofananira ndi zida ziwiri zapansi zofananira. Mtengo wa 300 mm ndi wofunikira pakuyezera kutalika kofanana ndipo uyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa pachithunzichi kuti zitsimikizire kutalika kwake. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4.
3) Mipando iwiri ya symmetrical beam slide imangiriridwa limodzi maso ndi maso pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera (onani Chithunzi 5). Ma seti anayi a midadada osasunthika omwe ali ndi kutalika kofanana amalumikizidwa ndi mipando ya ma slide kudzera pamabowo awo omangika. Kuonjezera apo, magulu awiri azitsulo zothandizira pansi zokhala ndi msinkhu wofanana zimayesedwa ndikukhazikika molumikizana ndi malo omwe ali pamwamba B ndi ndondomeko yowonetsera pamwamba C. Kukonzekera uku kumatsimikizira kuti mipando yonse ya symmetrical slide slide mipando imayikidwa pamtunda wofanana okhala ndi pamwamba B, pomwe njira yolozera pamwamba C imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti mipando ya slide yolumikizana bwino.
Kukonza kwa coplanar kumalizidwa, malo olumikizirana ndi ma seti onse amipando ya slide adzakhala coplanar. Kukonzekera uku kumachitika pakadutsa kamodzi kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwawo kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a geometric.
Kenako, gululo limapindidwa kuti litseke ndikuyika malo omwe adakonzedwa kale, kulola kukupera kwa malo ena olumikizirana. Panthawi yopera, mpando wonse wa slide, wotetezedwa ndi chida, umayikidwa pamtunda umodzi. Njirayi imatsimikizira kuti cholumikizira chilichonse cholumikizira chimakwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.
Kuyerekeza ndi kutsimikizira kwa static stiffness kusanthula deta ya beam slide mpando
4.1 Kugawikana kwamphamvu ya mphero ya ndege
Mu kudula zitsulo, ndiCNC mphero lathemphamvu pa ndege mphero akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zitatu tangential kuti amachita pa chida. Mphamvu zamagulu awa ndizizindikiro zofunika pakuwunika kuuma kwa zida zamakina. Chitsimikizo chatsatanetsatane cha data ichi chikugwirizana ndi mfundo zoyesa kuuma kwanthawi zonse. Kuti tifufuze mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chida chopangira makina, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira zinthu zomalizidwa, zomwe zimatilola kuti tisinthe mayeso othandiza kukhala zowunikira zamalingaliro. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ngati kapangidwe ka mpando wa slide ndi koyenera.
4.2 Mndandanda wa magawo odulira ndege olemetsa
M'mimba mwake (d): 50 mm
Chiwerengero cha mano (z): 4
Liwiro la spindle (n): 1000 rpm
Kuthamanga kwa chakudya (vc): 1500 mm / min
M'lifupi mwake (ae): 50 mm
Kuya kwa kudula kumbuyo (ap): 5 mm
Kudyetsa pa kuzungulira (ar): 1.5 mm
Chakudya pa dzino (la): 0.38 mm
Mphamvu ya mphero ya tangential (fz) ikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi:
\[ fz = 9.81 \nthawi 825 \nthawi ap^{1.0} \nthawi af^{0.75} \nthawi ae^{1.1} \nthawi d^{-1.3} \nthawi n^{-0.2} \nthawi z^{ 60^{-0.2}} \]
Izi zimabweretsa mphamvu ya \( fz = 3963.15 \, N \).
Poganizira ma symmetrical ndi asymmetrical mphero pakupanga makina, tili ndi izi:
- FPC (mphamvu munjira ya X-axis): \( fpc = 0.9 \times fz = 3566.84 \, N \)
- FCF (mphamvu mu njira ya Z-axis): \( fcf = 0.8 \times fz = 3170.52 \, N \)
- FP (mphamvu mu njira ya Y-axis): \( fp = 0.9 \times fz = 3566.84 \, N \)
Kumene:
- FPC ndiye mphamvu yolowera ku X-axis
- FCF ndiye mphamvu yolowera ku Z-axis
- FP ndiye mphamvu yolowera ku Y-axis
4.3 Finite element static analysis
Zithunzi ziwiri zodula za ma axis asanu zimafunikira kumangidwa mokhazikika ndipo ziyenera kugawana mtengo womwewo ndi mawonekedwe otsegulira. Chifukwa chake, kulimba kwa mpando wa slide ndikofunikira. Malingana ngati mpando wa slide sukhala ndi kusuntha kwakukulu, zitha kudziwika kuti mtengowo ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuti zitsimikizidwe zokhazikika zokhazikika, deta yodulira yofunikira idzasonkhanitsidwa kuti ipange kuwunika kofananirako kofananirako pakusuntha kwa mpando wa slide.
Kusanthula uku kudzachitanso kusanthula kwa finite element static pamipando yonse iwiri ya slide. Chikalatachi chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe katsopano ka mpando wa slide, ndikusiya kusanthula kwapampando koyambira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale makina ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi ozungulira asanu sangathe kuthana ndi kudula kolemera, kuyang'anitsitsa kolemetsa ndi kuvomereza kothamanga kwambiri kwa "S" mbali nthawi zambiri kumachitika panthawi ya mayesero ovomerezeka. Ma torque odulira komanso mphamvu yodulira muzochitika izi zitha kufanana ndi zomwe zimadula kwambiri.
Kutengera zaka zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito komanso zochitika zenizeni zoperekera, ndikukhulupirira kwa wolemba kuti zigawo zina zazikulu zamakina apadziko lonse aaxis asanu zimakwaniritsa zonse zofunikira pakukaniza zolemetsa. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula kofananiza kumakhala koyenera komanso kwachizolowezi. Poyamba, chigawo chilichonse chimakhala chosavuta pochotsa kapena kupondereza mabowo, ma radii, ma chamfers, ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono omwe angakhudze magawano a mauna. Zinthu zofunikira za gawo lililonse zimawonjezeredwa, ndipo chitsanzocho chimalowetsedwa muyeso kuti tifufuze.
M'makonzedwe a parameter pakuwunika, deta yofunikira yokha monga kulemera ndi mphamvu ya mkono imasungidwa. Mpando wophatikizika wa slide umaphatikizidwa pakuwunika kosinthika, pomwe mbali zina monga chida, mutu wa makina a-axis asanu, ndi slide yodula kwambiri yamitundu isanu imawonedwa ngati yolimba. Kusanthula kumayang'ana pa kusamutsidwa kwachibale kwa mpando wa slide pansi pa mphamvu zakunja. Katundu wakunja umaphatikizapo mphamvu yokoka, ndipo mphamvu ya mbali zitatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chida chothandizira panthawi imodzi. Chombocho chiyenera kufotokozedwatu pasadakhale ngati mphamvu yotsegula kuti ibwereze kutalika kwa chida panthawi ya makina, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti slide ili kumapeto kwa makina opangira makina kuti athe kupindula kwambiri, kutsanzira kwambiri momwe makina amachitira.
Thechigawo cha aluminiyamus amalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "global contact (-joint-)", ndipo malire amakhazikitsidwa kudzera mu magawo a mzere. Malo ogwirizanitsa matabwa akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7, ndi kugawanika kwa gridi komwe kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8. Kukula kwakukulu kwa unit ndi 50 mm, osachepera kukula kwake ndi 10 mm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha 185,485 ndi 367,989 node. Chithunzi chonse chamtambo wakusamuka chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 9, pomwe kusamuka kutatu kwa axial mu X, Y, ndi Z kukuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 10 mpaka 12, motsatana.
Zithunzi ziwiri zodula za ma axis asanu zimafunikira kumangidwa mokhazikika ndipo ziyenera kugawana mtengo womwewo ndi mawonekedwe otsegulira. Chifukwa chake, kulimba kwa mpando wa slide ndikofunikira. Malingana ngati mpando wa slide sukhala ndi kusuntha kwakukulu, zitha kudziwika kuti mtengowo ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuti zitsimikizidwe zokhazikika zokhazikika, deta yodulira yofunikira idzasonkhanitsidwa kuti ipange kuwunika kofananirako kofananirako pakusuntha kwa mpando wa slide.
Kusanthula uku kudzachitanso kusanthula kwa finite element static pamipando yonse iwiri ya slide. Chikalatachi chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe katsopano ka mpando wa slide, ndikusiya kusanthula kwapampando koyambira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale makina ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi ozungulira asanu sangathe kuthana ndi kudula kolemera, kuyang'anitsitsa kolemetsa ndi kuvomereza kothamanga kwambiri kwa "S" mbali nthawi zambiri kumachitika panthawi ya mayesero ovomerezeka. Ma torque odulira komanso mphamvu yodulira muzochitika izi zitha kufanana ndi zomwe zimadula kwambiri.
Kutengera zaka zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito komanso zochitika zenizeni zoperekera, ndikukhulupirira kwa wolemba kuti zigawo zina zazikulu zamakina apadziko lonse aaxis asanu zimakwaniritsa zonse zofunikira pakukaniza zolemetsa. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula kofananiza kumakhala koyenera komanso kwachizolowezi. Poyamba, chigawo chilichonse chimakhala chosavuta pochotsa kapena kupondereza mabowo, ma radii, ma chamfers, ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono omwe angakhudze magawano a mauna. Zinthu zofunikira za gawo lililonse zimawonjezeredwa, ndipo chitsanzocho chimalowetsedwa muyeso kuti tifufuze.
M'makonzedwe a parameter pakuwunika, deta yofunikira yokha monga kulemera ndi mphamvu ya mkono imasungidwa. Mpando wophatikizika wa slide umaphatikizidwa pakuwunika kosinthika, pomwe mbali zina monga chida, mutu wa makina a-axis asanu, ndi slide yodula kwambiri yamitundu isanu imawonedwa ngati yolimba. Kusanthula kumayang'ana pa kusamutsidwa kwachibale kwa mpando wa slide pansi pa mphamvu zakunja. Katundu wakunja umaphatikizapo mphamvu yokoka, ndipo mphamvu ya mbali zitatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chida chothandizira panthawi imodzi. Chombocho chiyenera kufotokozedwatu pasadakhale ngati mphamvu yotsegula kuti ibwereze kutalika kwa chida panthawi ya makina, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti slide ili kumapeto kwa makina opangira makina kuti athe kupindula kwambiri, kutsanzira kwambiri momwe makina amachitira.
Themwatsatanetsatane anatembenuza zigawo zikuluzikuluamalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "global contact (-joint-)", ndipo malire amakhazikitsidwa kudzera mu magawo a mzere. Malo ogwirizanitsa matabwa akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7, ndi kugawanika kwa gridi komwe kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8. Kukula kwakukulu kwa unit ndi 50 mm, osachepera kukula kwake ndi 10 mm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha 185,485 ndi 367,989 node. Chithunzi chonse chamtambo wakusamuka chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 9, pomwe kusamuka kutatu kwa axial mu X, Y, ndi Z kukuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 10 mpaka 12, motsatana.
Pambuyo pofufuza deta, tchati chamtambo chafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikufaniziridwa mu Table 1. Makhalidwe onse ali mkati mwa 0.01 mm wina ndi mzake. Kutengera izi komanso zomwe zidachitikira m'mbuyomu, timakhulupirira kuti crossbeam sikhala ndi kusokonekera kapena kusinthika, kulola kugwiritsa ntchito mtanda wokhazikika popanga. Kutsatira kuwunika kwaukadaulo, dongosololi lidavomerezedwa kuti lipangidwe ndipo adapambana mayeso azitsulo. Mayeso onse olondola a zidutswa za mayeso a "S" adakwaniritsa zofunikira.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-06-2024