1. Pezani kuzama pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito za trigonometric
M'makampani opanga makina olondola, nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito ndi zida zomwe zimakhala ndi zozungulira zamkati ndi zakunja zomwe zimafunikira kulondola kwapawiri. Komabe, zinthu monga kudula kutentha ndi kukangana pakati pa chogwirira ntchito ndi chida zimatha kupangitsa chida kuvala. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwereza kubwereza kulondola kwa chosungira chida cha square kumatha kukhudza mtundu wa chinthu chomalizidwa.
Kuti tithane ndi vuto la kuzama kwenikweni kwapang'onopang'ono, titha kukulitsa ubale pakati pa mbali inayo ndi hypotenuse ya makona atatu akumanja panthawi yokhotakhota. Mwa kusintha ngodya ya chosungira chida chotalikirapo ngati pakufunika, titha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera bwino pakuya kopingasa kwa chida chotembenuza. Njirayi sikuti imangopulumutsa nthawi ndi khama komanso imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso zimathandizira kuti ntchito zonse ziziyenda bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa chipangizocho umakhala pa C620 lathe ndi 0.05 mm pa gridi iliyonse. Kuti tikwaniritse kuya kwapakati kwa 0.005 mm, titha kunena za sine trigonometric ntchito. Kuwerengera kuli motere: sinα = 0.005/0.05 = 0.1, kutanthauza α = 5º44′. Chifukwa chake, pokhazikitsa mpumulo wa chida ku 5º44′, kusuntha kulikonse kwa disk longitudinal engraving ndi gululi imodzi kumapangitsa kusintha kwa 0.005 mm kwa chida chotembenuza.
2. Zitsanzo Zitatu za Reverse Turning Technology Applications
Kupanga kwanthawi yayitali kwawonetsa kuti ukadaulo wodulira kumbuyo ukhoza kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakutembenuza kwina.
(1) Ulusi wodula m'mbuyo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic
Pamene machining mkati ndi kunja ulusi workpieces ndi phula 1.25 ndi 1.75 mm, chifukwa makhalidwe ndi indivisible chifukwa cha kuchotsa lathe wononga phula pa workpiece phula. Ngati ulusi wapangidwa mwa kukweza chogwirizira cha mtedza wokwerera kuti uchotse chidacho, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa ulusi wosagwirizana. Ma lathes wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda ma discs olumikizira mwachisawawa, ndipo kupanga seti yotere kumatha kutenga nthawi.
Chotsatira chake, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa phula ili ndi kutembenuzira patsogolo motsika. Kuthamanga kothamanga kwambiri sikulola nthawi yokwanira kuchotsa chidacho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kwachangu komanso kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo cha kukuta zida panthawi yokhotakhota. Nkhaniyi imakhudza kwambiri kuuma kwapamtunda, makamaka popanga zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic monga 1Cr13 ndi 2Cr13 pa liwiro lotsika chifukwa cha kukukuta kwa zida zotchulidwira.
Pofuna kuthana ndi zovutazi, njira yodulira "matatu-reverse" yapangidwa kudzera muzochita zogwirira ntchito. Njira iyi imaphatikizapo kutsitsa zida mobwerera, kudula m'mbuyo, ndi kudyetsa chida mbali ina. Imakwaniritsa bwino ntchito yonse yodulira ndipo imalola kudula kwa ulusi wothamanga kwambiri, popeza chidacho chimayenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja kuti chichoke pa workpiece. Chifukwa chake, njira iyi imathetsa zovuta pakuchotsa zida panthawi yothamangitsa kwambiri. Njira yeniyeni ndi iyi:
Musanayambe kukonza, limbitsani pang'ono chopotera chozungulira kuti mutsimikizire kuthamanga koyenera mukayamba mobweza. Gwirizanitsani chodulira ulusi ndikuchiteteza pomanga potsegula ndi kutseka nati. Yambitsani kuzungulira kwapatsogolo pa liwiro lotsika mpaka chodulira chilibe kanthu, kenaka yikani chida chokhota ulusi kukuya koyenera ndikubwerera komweko. Panthawiyi, chida chotembenuza chiyenera kuchoka kumanzere kupita kumanja pa liwiro lalikulu. Mukadula kangapo motere, mupeza ulusi wokhala ndi ulusi wabwino komanso wolondola kwambiri.
(2) Kubwerera m’mbuyo
M'njira yanthawi zonse yokhotakhota, zosefera zachitsulo ndi zinyalala zitha kutsekeka mosavuta pakati pa chogwirira ntchito ndi chida cholumikizira. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yochulukirapo pachogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta monga kusalinganiza molakwika, kuphwanyidwa kwa mapangidwe, kapena kukomoka. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yokhotakhota ndi lathe spindle yozungulira mozungulira, zovuta zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yopita patsogolo zimatha kupewedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino.
(3) Reverse kutembenuka kwa mkati ndi kunja taper ulusi chitoliro
Mukatembenuza ulusi wapaipi wamkati ndi wakunja wokhala ndi zofunikira zochepa zolondola komanso magulu ang'onoang'ono opanga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yotchedwa reverse cutting popanda kufunikira kwa chipangizo chodulira. Pamene mukudula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yopingasa pachidacho ndi dzanja lanu. Kwa ulusi wa chitoliro chakunja, izi zikutanthauza kusuntha chida kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Mphamvu yam'mbaliyi imathandizira kuwongolera kuzama kodula bwino pamene mukupita kumtunda waukulu kupita kumimba yaying'ono. Chifukwa chomwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito bwino ndi chifukwa cha kukakamiza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya chida. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ukadaulo wa reverse opareshoni pakutembenuza kukuchulukirachulukira ndipo kumatha kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.
3. Njira yatsopano yogwirira ntchito ndi zida zatsopano zoboola mabowo ang'onoang'ono
Pobowola mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuposa 0.6 mm, kagawo kakang'ono ka kubowola, kuphatikizidwa ndi kusasunthika kosasunthika komanso liwiro lotsika lotsika, kumatha kubweretsa kukana kwakukulu, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi osagwira kutentha ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Chotsatira chake, kugwiritsa ntchito makina opatsirana kudyetsa muzochitika izi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kubowola.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, chida chosavuta komanso chothandiza komanso njira yodyetsera pamanja ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choyamba, sinthani chobowola choyambirira kukhala mtundu woyandama wa shank. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, gwirani bwino pobowola kabowo kakang'ono mu chuck yoyandama, kuti mubowole bwino. Shank yowongoka ya kubowola imakwanira bwino mu mkono wokoka, ndikupangitsa kuti iziyenda momasuka.
Mukabowola mabowo ang'onoang'ono, mutha kugwira pang'onopang'ono chobowola ndi dzanja lanu kuti mukwaniritse kuyamwitsa kwapamanja. Njirayi imalola kubowola mwachangu mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zili bwino komanso moyenera, motero kumatalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa pobowola. Chobowola chachuck chosinthika chamitundu yambiri chimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kulumikiza ulusi wamkati wamkati, mabowo obwezeretsa, ndi zina zambiri. Ngati bowo lalikulu likufunika kubowoledwa, pini yotsekera imatha kuyikidwa pakati pa mkono wokoka ndi shank yowongoka (onani Chithunzi 3).
4. Anti-vibration wa processing dzenje lakuya
Pokonza dzenje lakuya, kabowo kakang'ono kabowo ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka chida chotopetsa kumapangitsa kuti kugwedezeka kuchitike potembenuza dzenje lakuya ndi mainchesi a Φ30-50mm ndi kuya pafupifupi 1000mm. Kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kwa chida ichi, imodzi mwa njira zosavuta komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri ndikulumikiza zothandizira ziwiri zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu monga bakelite wolimbikitsidwa ndi nsalu ku thupi la chida. Zothandizira izi ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi dzenje. Panthawi yodulira, ma bakelite olimbikitsidwa ndi nsalu amapereka malo ndi kukhazikika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chidacho chisagwedezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale dzenje lakuya kwambiri.
5. Anti-kuthyola ang'onoang'ono kubowola pakati
Potembenuza pokonza, pobowola dzenje lapakati lochepera 1.5 mm (Φ1.5 mm), kubowola kwapakati kumakhala kosavuta kusweka. Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yopewera kusweka ndikupewa kutseka tailstock ndikubowola dzenje lapakati. M'malo mwake, lolani kulemera kwa tailstock kumapangitsa kukangana pamwamba pa bedi la chida cha makina pamene dzenje likubowoleredwa. Ngati kukana kudula kumakhala kochulukira, tailstock imasunthira kumbuyo, ndikuteteza pobowola pakati.
6. Ukadaulo wokonzekera wa "O" mtundu wa rabara nkhungu
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu ya rabara ya "O", kusagwirizana pakati pa nkhungu yamphongo ndi yaikazi ndi nkhani yofala. Kusokoneza uku kungathe kusokoneza mawonekedwe a mphete ya rabara ya "O", monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke.
Pambuyo pa mayesero ambiri, njira yotsatirayi imatha kupanga nkhungu yooneka ngati "O" yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri.
(1) Male nkhungu processing luso
① Fine Fine-tembenuzani miyeso ya gawo lililonse ndi 45 ° bevel molingana ndi kujambula.
② Ikani mpeni wopangira R, sunthani chogwirizira ku 45 °, ndipo njira yolumikizira mpeni ikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 5.
Malinga ndi chithunzichi, chida cha R chikakhala pamalo A, chidacho chimalumikizana ndi bwalo lakunja D ndi malo olumikizirana C. Sunthani slide yayikulu mtunda wolowera muvi umodzi ndikusunthira chogwirizira chopingasa X kupita komweko. wa muvi 2. X amawerengedwa motere:
X=(Dd)/2+(R-Rsin45°)
=(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
=(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(ie 2X=D—d+0.2929Φ).
Kenako, sunthani slide yayikulu kumbali ya muvi wachitatu kuti chida cha R chigwirizane ndi 45 ° otsetsereka. Panthawiyi, chidacho chili pakatikati (ie, chida cha R chili pamalo B).
③ Sunthani chogwirizira chaching'ono kupita komwe kuli muvi 4 kuti mujambule pabowo R, ndipo kuya kwake ndi Φ/2.
Dziwani ① Chida cha R chikakhala pamalo B:
∵OC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
∴CD=OC-OD=R-0.7071R=0.2929R,
④ Makulidwe a X amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi block gauge, ndipo gawo la R limatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chizindikiro choyimba kuti chiwongolere kuya.
(2) Ukadaulo wokonza wa nkhungu zoipa
① Sinthani miyeso ya gawo lililonse molingana ndi zofunikira za Chithunzi 6 (miyeso yapabowo sinasinthidwe).
② Pewani 45 ° bevel ndi kumapeto.
③ Ikani chida chopangira R ndikusintha chogwirizira chaching'ono kukhala ngodya ya 45 ° (pangani kusintha kumodzi kuti mukonze zonse zabwino ndi zoyipa). Chida cha R chikayikidwa pa A′, monga momwe chithunzi 6 chikusonyezera, onetsetsani kuti chidacho chikulumikizana ndi bwalo lakunja D pamalo olumikizirana C. Kenako, sunthani chojambula chachikulu kulowera muvi 1 kuti muchotse chidacho kuchokera kunja. D, ndiyeno sinthani chogwirizira chopingasa kupita ku muvi 2. Mtunda wa X umawerengedwa motere:
X=d+(Dd)/2+CD
=d+(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
=d+(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(ie 2X=D+d+0.2929Φ)
Kenako, sunthani slide yayikulu kumbali ya muvi wachitatu mpaka chida cha R chilumikizane ndi 45 ° bevel. Panthawiyi, chidacho chili pakatikati (ie, malo B′ mu Chithunzi 6).
④ Sunthani chogwirizira chaching'ono kupita komwe kuli muvi 4 kuti mudulire pabowo R, ndipo kuya kwake ndi Φ/2.
Chidziwitso: ①∵DC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
∴CD=0.2929R,
⑤Kukula kwa X kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi block gauge, ndipo gawo la R limatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chizindikiro choyimba kuti chiwongolere kuya.
7. Anti-kugwedera pamene kutembenuza woonda-mipanda workpieces
Pa kutembenuka ndondomeko woonda-mipandakuponya ziwalo, kugwedezeka kumachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwawo. Nkhaniyi imawonekera makamaka popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zosakaniza zosatentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale khwimbi lapamwamba komanso kufupikitsa moyo wa chida. Pansipa pali njira zingapo zowongoka zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga.
1. Kutembenuza Mzere Wakunja wa Machubu Osapanga dzimbiri (Stainless Steel Hollow Slender Tubes)*: Kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka, lembani gawo lopanda kanthu la chogwirira ntchito ndi utuchi ndikusindikiza mwamphamvu. Kuonjezera apo, gwiritsani ntchito mapulagi a bakelite opangidwa ndi nsalu kuti musindikize mbali zonse za workpiece. Bwezerani zikhadabo zothandizira pachidacho ndi mavwende othandizira opangidwa ndi bakelite wolimbikitsidwa ndi nsalu. Mukalumikiza arc yofunikira, mutha kupitiliza kutembenuza ndodo yowonda. Njirayi imachepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika panthawi yodula.
2. Kutembenuza Bowo Lamkati la Kutentha Kwambiri (High Nickel-Chromium) Alloy Thin-Walled Workpieces**: Chifukwa cha kusasunthika kwa zida izi kuphatikiza ndi zida zowonda, kumveka kowoneka bwino kumatha kuchitika panthawi yodula, kuyika zida zowonongeka ndi kupanga. kutaya. Kumanga bwalo lakunja la chogwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zowononga zinthu, monga mphira kapena masiponji, kumatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndikuteteza chidacho.
3. Kutembenuza Mzere Wakunja wa Aloyi Wopanda Kutentha Kwambiri Zopangira Manja **: Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwazitsulo zosagwira kutentha kungayambitse kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika panthawi yodula. Kuti muthane ndi izi, lembani dzenje la workpiece ndi zinthu monga mphira kapena ulusi wa thonje, ndikumangirirani motetezeka nkhope zonse ziwiri. Njirayi imalepheretsa kugwedezeka ndi kupunduka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zida zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala.
8. Chida cholumikizira cha ma disc oboola pakati
Chigawo chooneka ngati diski ndi gawo lopyapyala lokhala ndi ma bevel awiri. Pakutembenuka kwachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe ndi kulolerana kwamalo kumakwaniritsidwa komanso kupewa kusinthika kulikonse kwa workpiece panthawi ya clamping ndi kudula. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kupanga zida zosavuta za clamping nokha.
Zida izi zimagwiritsa ntchito bevel kuchokera pamagawo am'mbuyomu poyikapo. Mbali yooneka ngati diski imatetezedwa mu chida chosavutachi pogwiritsa ntchito nati pa bevel yakunja, kulola kutembenuka kwa arc radius (R) kumapeto kwa nkhope, dzenje, ndi bevel, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7.
9. Mwatsatanetsatane wotopetsa lalikulu m'mimba mwake zofewa nsagwada limiter
Potembenuza ndi kukanikiza zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi ma diameter akulu, ndikofunikira kuteteza nsagwada zitatu kuti zisasunthike chifukwa cha mipata. Kuti izi zitheke, bar yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa workpiece iyenera kutsekedwa kuseri kwa nsagwada zitatu zisanayambe kusintha kwa nsagwada zofewa.
Chotsekera nsagwada chathu chopangidwa mwachizolowezi chokhala ndi mainchesi ofewa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera (onani Chithunzi 8). Mwachindunji, zomangira zitatu mu gawo No. 1 zitha kusinthidwa mkati mwa mbale yosasunthika kuti ikulitse m'mimba mwake, kutilola kuti tisinthe mipiringidzo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati pakufunika.
10. Mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane zowonjezera zofewa
In kutembenuza processing, nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito ndi zida zapakati komanso zazing'ono zolondola. Zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta mkati ndi akunja okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima komanso zofunikira zololera. Kuti tithane ndi izi, tapanga ma chucks a nsagwada zitatu zama lathes, monga C1616. Nsagwada zofewa zolondola zimatsimikizira kuti zogwirira ntchito zimakumana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso kulolerana kwa malo, kuletsa kukanidwa kulikonse kapena kupunduka pakanthawi kambiri.
Njira yopangira nsagwada zofewa zolondola izi ndi zowongoka. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku ndodo za aluminium alloy ndipo amabowoleredwa mpaka momwe amafotokozera. Bowo loyambira limapangidwa pabwalo lakunja, ndipo ulusi wa M8 umalowetsedwamo. Pambuyo pogaya mbali zonse ziwiri, nsagwada zofewa zimatha kuikidwa pa nsagwada zolimba za chuck ya nsagwada zitatu. Zomangira za M8 hexagon socket zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza nsagwada zitatu m'malo. Kutsatira izi, timabowola mabowo momwe tingafunikire kuti tigwire bwino ntchito muzitsulo zofewa za aluminiyamu musanadule.
Kugwiritsa ntchito yankholi kumatha kubweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma, monga momwe chithunzi 9 chikusonyezera.
11. Zida zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka
Chifukwa cha kulimba kwa zida zowonda za shaft, kugwedezeka kumachitika mosavuta pakudula kwamitundu yambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso losauka pamwamba pa workpiece ndipo zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chida chodulira. Komabe, zida zopangidwa mwachizolowezi zothana ndi kugwedezeka zimatha kuthana ndi vuto la kugwedezeka komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi tizigawo tating'onoting'ono panthawi ya grooving (onani Chithunzi 10).
Musanayambe ntchito, ikani chida chodzipangira chokha choletsa kugwedezeka pamalo oyenera pachosungira chida. Kenako, phatikizani chida chotembenukira ku groove pachosungira chida cha square ndikusintha mtunda wa kasupe ndi kukanikiza. Zonse zikakhazikitsidwa, mukhoza kuyamba kugwira ntchito. Chida chotembenuza chikalumikizana ndi chogwiritsira ntchito, chida chotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka chimakanikiza nthawi yomweyo pamwamba pa chogwiriracho, ndikuchepetsa kugwedezeka.
12. Zowonjezerapo kapu yapakati
Mukamapanga timitengo tating'ono tokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala kuti mugwire chogwirira ntchito motetezeka panthawi yodula. Kuyambira mathero achitsanzo CNC mpherozogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi ma diameter ang'onoang'ono, malo okhazikika omwe amakhala osayenerera. Kuti ndithane ndi vutoli, ndidapanga zipewa za pre-point zokhazikika m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana munthawi yanga yopanga. Kenako ndidayika makapu awa pama point pre-point, kuwalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Kapangidwe kameneka kakuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 11.
13. Honing kumaliza kwa zipangizo zovuta makina
Mukamapanga zida zovuta monga ma aloyi otentha kwambiri komanso zitsulo zolimba, ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse kuuma kwapamtunda kwa Ra 0.20 mpaka 0.05 μm ndikusunga zolondola kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, njira yomaliza yomaliza ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chopukusira.
Kuti muwongolere bwino chuma, ganizirani kupanga zida zosavuta zopangira honing ndi mawilo a honing. Pogwiritsa ntchito honing m'malo momaliza kugaya pa lathe, mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zabwino.
Honing gudumu
Kupanga gudumu la honing
① Zosakaniza
Binder: 100g epoxy resin
Abrasive: 250-300g corundum (imodzi kristalo corundum yovuta-kukonza zinthu zotentha za nickel-chromium). Gwiritsani ntchito No. 80 kwa Ra0.80μm, No. 120-150 kwa Ra0.20μm, ndi No. 200-300 kwa Ra0.05μm.
Chowumitsa: 7-8g ethylenediamine.
Pulasitiki: 10-15g dibutyl phthalate.
Zinthu za nkhungu: HT15-33 mawonekedwe.
② Njira yoponya
Kutulutsa nkhungu: Kutenthetsa utomoni wa epoxy mpaka 70-80 ℃, onjezani 5% polystyrene, 95% toluene solution, ndi dibutyl phthalate ndikuyambitsanso mofanana, kenaka yikani corundum (kapena single crystal corundum) ndi kusonkhezera mofanana, kenako kutentha mpaka 70-80. ℃, onjezani ethylenediamine itakhazikika mpaka 30 ° -38 ℃, yambitsani mofanana. (Mphindi 2-5), kenaka tsanulirani mu nkhungu, ndikuyiyika pa 40 ℃ kwa maola 24 musanagwetse.
③ Kuthamanga kwa mzere \( V \) kumaperekedwa ndi formula \( V = V_1 \cos \alpha \). Apa, \( V \) akuyimira liwiro wachibale kwa workpiece, makamaka akupera liwiro pamene honing gudumu si kupanga chakudya longitudinal. Pa honing ndondomeko, kuwonjezera pa kayendedwe ka zozungulira, workpiece komanso patsogolo ndi chakudya kuchuluka \ ( S \ ), kulola kubweza zoyenda.
V1 = 80 ~ 120m/mphindi
t = 0.05 ~ 0.10mm
Zotsalira <0.1mm
④ Kuzizira: 70% palafini wothira 30% No.
Kapangidwe ka chida cha honing chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 13.
14. Kutsitsa mwachangu ndikutsitsa spindle
Potembenuza, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya seti zonyamula nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mabwalo akunja ndi ma angles olowera. Poganizira kukula kwake kwa batch, kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa panthawi yopanga kumatha kubweretsa nthawi zothandizira zomwe zimapitilira nthawi yodulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito chopondera chofulumira komanso chotsitsa chopondera limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi, chida chotembenuza chamitundu yambiri, titha kuchepetsa nthawi yothandiza pakukonza mbali zosiyanasiyana zamanja ndikusunga zinthu zabwino.
Kuti mupange chopota chosavuta, chaching'ono chopota, yambani ndikuyikapo chopota pang'ono cha 0.02mm kumbuyo kwa spindle. Mukayika choyikapo, chigawocho chidzatetezedwa ku spindle kupyolera mukukangana. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito chida chotembenuza chokhala ndi tsamba limodzi lamitundu yambiri. Yambani ndikutembenuza bwalo lakunja, ndiyeno ikani ngodya ya 15 ° taper. Mukamaliza sitepe iyi, yimitsani makinawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito wrench kuti mutulutse gawolo mwachangu komanso moyenera, monga momwe chithunzi 14 chikusonyezera.
15. Kutembenuza kwazitsulo zolimba
(1) Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zazikulu za kutembenuza zitsulo zolimba
- Kupanganso ndi kukonzanso kwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri za W18Cr4V (kukonza pambuyo pakusweka)
- Zoyezera zodzipangira zokha zosakhazikika (zida zolimba)
- Kusintha kwa zida zolimba ndi zida zopopera
- Kusintha kwa zida zolimba zamapulagi osalala
- Makapu opukuta ulusi osinthidwa ndi zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri
Kuti mugwire bwino ma hardware owumitsidwa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyanaCNC Machining magawozokumana nazo popanga, ndikofunikira kusankha zida zoyenera, magawo odulira, ma angle a geometry, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, pamene sikweya broach imasweka ndipo ikufuna kupangidwanso, njira yopangiranso imatha kukhala yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo. M'malo mwake, titha kugwiritsa ntchito carbide YM052 ndi zida zina zodulira pamizu ya kuphulika koyambirira kwa broach. Pogaya mutu wa tsambalo mpaka -6 ° mpaka -8 °, titha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake. Mphepete mwachitsulo imatha kuyeretsedwa ndi mwala wamafuta, pogwiritsa ntchito liwiro la 10 mpaka 15 m / min.
Pambuyo potembenuza bwalo lakunja, timapitiliza kudula kagawo ndikumangirira ulusi, diviTurninge process mu Turningnd kutembenuka kwabwino. Kutsatira kutembenuza movutikira, chidacho chiyenera kunoledwanso ndi kusinja tisanayambe kutembenuza ulusi wakunja. Kuonjezera apo, gawo la ulusi wamkati wa ndodo yolumikizira iyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo chidacho chiyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo poti kugwirizana kwapangidwa. Pamapeto pake, broach yosweka ndi yophwanyika imatha kukonzedwa potembenuka, ndikuyibwezeretsanso bwino momwe idakhalira.
(2) Kusankhidwa kwa zida zosinthira magawo olimba
① Masamba atsopano a carbide monga YM052, YM053, ndi YT05 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi liwiro lotsika pansi pa 18m/min, ndipo kukhaula kwa workpiece kumatha kufika Ra1.6~0.80μm.
② Chida cha cubic boron nitride, FD yachitsanzo, imatha kukonza zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zolimba ndikupopera.anatembenuza zigawopa kudula liwiro la 100 m/mphindi, kukwaniritsa roughness pamwamba Ra 0.80 kuti 0.20 μm. Kuphatikiza apo, chida chophatikizika cha cubic boron nitride, DCS-F, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi Boma la Capital Machinery Factory ndi Guizhou Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory, chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito ofanana.
Komabe, magwiridwe antchito a zida izi ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi simenti ya carbide. Ngakhale mphamvu ya zida za cubic boron nitride ndizotsika kuposa za simenti ya carbide, zimapereka kuya kwakuya kwakung'ono ndipo ndizokwera mtengo. Komanso, mutu wa chida ukhoza kuwonongeka mosavuta ngati ukugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
⑨ Zida za Ceramic, liwiro lodulira ndi 40-60m / min, mphamvu zopanda mphamvu.
Zida zomwe zili pamwambazi zili ndi makhalidwe awo potembenuza mbali zozimitsidwa ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya kutembenuza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi kuuma kosiyana.
(3) Mitundu yazigawo zazitsulo zozimitsidwa zazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikusankhidwa kwa zida
Zigawo zachitsulo zozimitsidwa zazinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zida pazovuta zomwezo, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu otsatirawa;
① Chitsulo cha alloy chokwera chimatanthawuza chitsulo chachitsulo ndi chitsulo chakufa (makamaka zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zothamanga kwambiri) zokhala ndi ma alloying okwana 10%.
② Chitsulo cha alloy chimatanthawuza chitsulo chachitsulo ndipo chimafa chitsulo chokhala ndi 2-9% ya alloying, monga 9SiCr, CrWMn, ndi chitsulo champhamvu champhamvu cha alloy.
③ Chitsulo cha Mpweya: kuphatikiza zida zosiyanasiyana za kaboni zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zosungiramo zinthu monga T8, T10, 15 zitsulo, kapena 20 zitsulo zopangira zitsulo, etc.
Kwa chitsulo cha carbon, microstructure pambuyo pozimitsidwa imakhala ndi martensite yotentha ndi carbide yochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuuma kwa HV800-1000. Izi ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa kuuma kwa tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC) mu carbide yomangidwa ndi simenti, ndi A12D3 mu zida za ceramic. Kuonjezera apo, kuuma kwa chitsulo cha carbon ndi kocheperapo kusiyana ndi martensite popanda ma alloying, nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 200 ° C.
Pamene zomwe zili muzitsulo zowonjezera muzitsulo zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimakhala ndi carbide mu microstructure pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha zimakweranso, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mitundu yambiri ya carbides. Mwachitsanzo, muzitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zili ndi carbide zimatha kufika 10-15% (ndi voliyumu) pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha, kuphatikizapo mitundu monga MC, M2C, M6, M3, ndi 2C. Mwa izi, vanadium carbide (VC) imakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu komwe kumaposa gawo lolimba pazida zonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa ma alloying angapo kumawonjezera kuuma kwa martensite, ndikupangitsa kuti ifike pafupifupi 600 ° C. Chifukwa chake, ma machinability a zitsulo zolimba zokhala ndi macrohardness ofanana amatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri. Musanatembenuzire mbali zachitsulo zolimba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira gulu lawo, kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe awo, ndikusankha zida zoyenera, magawo odulira, ndi geometry ya zida kuti mumalize kutembenuza.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-11-2024