Chitsanzo cha CNC Machining Process Design

Ukadaulo wokonza zida zamakina a CNC uli ndi zofananira zambiri ndi zida zamakina wamba, koma malamulo oyendetsera magawo pazida zamakina a CNC ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zopangira zida zamakina wamba. Pamaso pa CNC processing, kayendedwe ka makina chida, ndondomeko ya zigawo, mawonekedwe a chida, kudula kuchuluka, njira chida, etc., ayenera kukonzedwa mu pulogalamu, zomwe zimafuna kuti wokonza mapulogalamu kukhala Mipikisano. - maziko a chidziwitso. Wopanga mapulogalamu oyenerera ndiye woyamba kugwira ntchito. Kupanda kutero, sikudzakhala kotheka kulingalira mozama komanso moganizira njira yonse yokonza gawo ndikuphatikiza bwino komanso moyenera pulogalamu yokonza gawo.

2.1 Zomwe zili mu CNC processing process process

Popanga makina a CNC, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitika: kusankhaCNC makinandondomeko, CNC Machining ndondomeko kusanthula, ndi kamangidwe ka CNC Machining njira njira.
2.1.1 Kusankhidwa kwa CNC Machining process content
Sikuti njira zonse zogwirira ntchito ndizoyenera zida zamakina a CNC, koma gawo lokhalo lazinthu zomwe zili zoyenera kukonzedwa kwa CNC. Izi zimafuna kusanthula mosamalitsa kwa zojambulazo kuti musankhe zomwe zili ndi njira zomwe zili zoyenera komanso zofunika kwambiri pakukonza CNC. Poganizira za kusankha zomwe zili, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zida zenizeni zabizinesi, kutengera kuthana ndi zovuta, kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, komanso kupereka kusewera kwathunthu ku zabwino za CNC processing.

1. Zomwe zili zoyenera kukonza CNC

Posankha, dongosolo lotsatirali lingaganizidwe:
(1) Zamkatimu zomwe sizingasinthidwe ndi zida zamakina anthawi zonse ziyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo; (2) Zamkatimu zomwe ndizovuta kuzikonza ndi zida zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zomwe mtundu wake ndi wovuta kutsimikizira ziyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo; (3) Zamkatimu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito bwino ndi zida zamakina okhazikika komanso zomwe zimafunikira kulimbikira kwantchito zitha kusankhidwa pomwe zida zamakina a CNC zikadali ndi mphamvu zokwanira zopangira.

2. Zamkatimu zomwe sizoyenera kukonza CNC
Nthawi zambiri, zomwe tatchulazi zidzasinthidwa bwino kwambiri potengera mtundu wazinthu, kupanga bwino, komanso phindu lokwanira pambuyo pokonza CNC. Mosiyana ndi izi, zotsatirazi sizoyenera kukonza CNC:
(1) Nthawi yayitali yosinthira makina. Mwachitsanzo, datum yoyamba yabwino imakonzedwa ndi datum yovuta yomwe ilibe kanthu, yomwe imafuna kugwirizana kwa zida zapadera;
(2) Zigawo zogwirira ntchito zimabalalika ndipo zimafunikira kukhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa koyambira kangapo. Pankhaniyi, ndizovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito CNC processing, ndipo zotsatira zake sizodziwikiratu. Zida zonse zamakina zitha kukonzedwa kuti zikonzedwenso;
(3) Mbiri ya pamwambayi imakonzedwa molingana ndi maziko enieni opangira (monga ma templates, etc.). Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti ndizovuta kupeza deta, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kutsutsana ndi maziko oyendera, kuonjezera zovuta za kusonkhanitsa mapulogalamu.

Komanso, posankha ndi kusankha okhutira processing, tiyenera kuganiziranso kupanga mtanda, kupanga mkombero, ndondomeko zolowa, etc. Mwachidule, tiyenera kuyesetsa kukhala wololera kukwaniritsa zolinga za zambiri, mofulumira, bwino, ndi mtengo. Tiyenera kuletsa zida zamakina a CNC kuti zisatsitsidwe kukhala zida zamakina anthawi zonse.

2.1.2 Kusanthula kwa makina a CNC

The CNC Machining processability wa magawo kukonzedwa kumaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana nkhani. Zotsatirazi ndi kuphatikiza kuthekera komanso kusavuta kwa mapulogalamu. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuwunikidwanso zimaperekedwa.
1. Dimensioning ayenera kugwirizana ndi makhalidwe CNC Machining. M'mapulogalamu a CNC, miyeso ndi malo a mfundo zonse, mizere, ndi malo amachokera ku chiyambi cha mapulogalamu. Choncho, ndibwino kuti mupereke miyeso yogwirizanitsa pa gawo lojambula kapena kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwezo kuti muwonetsere miyeso.
2. Mikhalidwe ya zinthu za geometric iyenera kukhala yokwanira komanso yolondola.
Pakuphatikiza mapulogalamu, opanga mapulogalamu ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino magawo a zinthu za geometric zomwe zimapanga gawo limodzi ndi ubale wapakati pa chinthu chilichonse cha geometric. Chifukwa zinthu zonse za geometric za gawo la contour ziyenera kufotokozedwa panthawi yokonzekera, ndipo makonzedwe a node iliyonse ayenera kuwerengedwa panthawi ya pulogalamu yamanja. Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mfundo iti yomwe ili yosadziwika bwino kapena yosatsimikizika, mapulogalamu sangathe kuchitidwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kulingalira kapena kunyalanyazidwa ndi opanga mbali panthawi ya mapangidwe, magawo osakwanira kapena osadziwika bwino nthawi zambiri amapezeka, monga ngati arc ndi tangent ku mzere wowongoka kapena ngati arc ndi tangent ku arc kapena intersecting kapena kupatukana. . Choncho, poyang'ana ndi kusanthula zojambulazo, ndikofunikira kuwerengera mosamala ndikulumikizana ndi wopanga posachedwa ngati mavuto apezeka.

3. Maupangiri oyika ndi odalirika

Pamakina a CNC, njira zamakina nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika, ndipo kuyika ndi zomwezo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kukhazikitsa maupangiri ena othandizira kapena kuwonjezera mabwana azinthu pazomwe akusowekapo. Kwa gawo lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.1a, kuti muwonjezere kukhazikika kwa malo, bwana wa ndondomeko akhoza kuwonjezeredwa pansi, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.1b. Idzachotsedwa ntchito yoyika ikamalizidwa.

 

4. Geometry yogwirizana ndi kukula kwake:
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito geometry yogwirizana ndi kukula kwa mawonekedwe ndi mkati mwa zigawozo, zomwe zingachepetse chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa zida. Mapulogalamu owongolera kapena mapulogalamu apadera angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kufupikitsa kutalika kwa pulogalamuyo. Maonekedwe a zigawozo ayenera kukhala ofananira momwe angathere kuti atsogolere mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lopangira galasi la chida cha makina a CNC kuti apulumutse nthawi.

2.1.3 Mapangidwe a CNC Machining Njira Njira

 

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa CNC machining process process design and general machine tool machining process process style designs ndikuti nthawi zambiri sakutanthauza njira yonse kuchokera kulibe kanthu mpaka kumalizidwa, koma kufotokoza kwatsatanetsatane kwa njira zingapo za CNC Machining. Chifukwa chake, popanga njira yopangira njira, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti popeza njira zama makina a CNC nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa munjira yonse yopangira gawo, ziyenera kulumikizidwa bwino ndi njira zina zamakina.

Kuyenda kwa njira zodziwika bwino kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.2.

Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikirika pamapangidwe a njira yopangira makina a CNC:
1. Kugawanika kwa ndondomeko
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a CNC Machining, magawano a CNC Machining ndondomeko akhoza zambiri ikuchitika m'njira zotsatirazi:
(1) Kuyika ndi kukonza kumodzi kumawonedwa ngati njira imodzi. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa magawo omwe ali ndi zinthu zochepa zokonza, ndipo amatha kufika kumalo oyendera pambuyo pokonza. (2) Gawani ndondomekoyi ndi zomwe zili muzitsulo zomwezo. Ngakhale mbali zina zimatha kukonza malo ambiri kuti zisinthidwe pakuyika kumodzi, poganizira kuti pulogalamuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri, padzakhala zoletsa zina, monga kuchepetsa dongosolo lowongolera (makamaka kukumbukira kukumbukira), kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito mosalekeza. ya chida cha makina (monga ndondomeko singathe kutha mkati mwa kusintha kwa ntchito imodzi), etc. Kuwonjezera apo, pulogalamu yomwe imakhala yayitali kwambiri idzawonjezera kuvutika kwa zolakwika ndi kubwezeretsa. Chifukwa chake, pulogalamuyo sayenera kukhala yayitali, komanso zomwe zili munjira imodzi siziyenera kukhala zochuluka.
(3) Gawani ndondomeko ndi gawo lokonzekera. Pakuti workpieces ndi zambiri processing, gawo processing akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi makhalidwe structural, monga patsekeke mkati, mawonekedwe akunja, pamwamba yokhotakhota, kapena ndege, ndi processing gawo lililonse amaonedwa ngati njira imodzi.
(4) Gawani ndondomekoyi mwa kusakaniza ndi kukonza bwino. Pakuti workpieces sachedwa mapindikidwe pambuyo processing, popeza mapindikidwe kuti akhoza kuchitika pambuyo processing akhakula ayenera kudzudzulidwa, zambiri kulankhula, njira akhakula ndi bwino processing ayenera kulekana.
2. Kukonzekera kotsatizana Kukonzekera kotsatizana kuyenera kuganiziridwa potengera momwe zigawozo zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, komanso zofunikira za kuika, kuika, ndi kugwedeza. Kukonzekera kotsatizana kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira mfundo izi:
(1) Kukonzekera kwa ndondomeko yapitayi sikungakhudze kuyika ndi kugwedeza kwa njira yotsatira, ndipo njira zonse zopangira makina opangira makina osakanikirana ziyenera kuganiziridwanso mozama;
(2) The mkati processing patsekeke ayenera kuchitidwa choyamba, ndiyeno akunja mawonekedwe processing; (3) Njira zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi malo omwewo ndi njira yokhomerera kapena ndi chida chomwecho zimakonzedwa bwino mosalekeza kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa malo obwerezabwereza, kusintha kwa zida, ndi kayendedwe ka mapulaneti;

3. kugwirizana pakati CNC Machining luso ndi njira wamba.
CNC Machining njira zambiri interspersed ndi njira zina wamba Machining pamaso ndi pambuyo. Ngati kulumikizana sikuli bwino, mikangano imatha kuchitika. Chifukwa chake, podziwa bwino njira yonse yopangira makina, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zofunikira zaukadaulo, zolinga zamakina, ndi mawonekedwe a makina a CNC machining ndi njira wamba, monga kusiya malipiro a makina ndi kuchuluka kwa kusiya; zolondola zofunika ndi mawonekedwe ndi kulolerana udindo wa malo malo ndi mabowo; zofunikira zaukadaulo pakukonza mawonekedwe; kutentha mankhwala udindo wa akusowekapo, etc. Mwanjira imeneyi njira iliyonse angathe kukwaniritsa zofunika Machining, zolinga khalidwe ndi luso luso kukhala zomveka, ndipo pakhale maziko kuperekedwa ndi kuvomereza.

2.2 CNC machining ndondomeko kapangidwe njira

Pambuyo kusankha okhutira CNC Machining ndondomeko ndi kudziwa mbali processing njira, ndi CNC Machining ndondomeko kapangidwe akhoza kuchitidwa. Ntchito yaikulu ya CNC Machining ndondomeko kamangidwe ndi zinanso kudziwa processing okhutira, kudula kuchuluka, ndondomeko zipangizo, malo ndi clamping njira, ndi chida kayendedwe trajectory wa ndondomekoyi kukonzekera kulemba pulogalamu Machining.

2.2.1 Dziwani njira yachida ndikukonza ndondomeko yoyendetsera

Njira yachida ndiyo njira yoyendetsera chida muzokonza zonse. Sizimangophatikizapo zomwe zili mu sitepe ya ntchito komanso zimasonyeza dongosolo la sitepe ya ntchito. Njira yachida ndi imodzi mwazinthu zolembera mapulogalamu. Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikirika posankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
1. Fufuzani njira yaifupi kwambiri yopangira, monga dongosolo la dzenje pa gawo lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi cha 2.3a. Chida cha Chithunzi 2.3b ndikukonza dzenje lozungulira lakunja kaye kenako dzenje lamkati. Ngati njira yachida ya Chithunzi 2.3c ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake, nthawi yachida chopanda ntchito imachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yoikika imatha kupulumutsidwa pafupifupi theka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino.

 

2. Mzere womaliza umatsirizidwa mu chiphaso chimodzi

Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti pamakhala zovuta zamtundu wa workpiece contour pambuyo pa makina, contour yomaliza iyenera kukonzedwa kuti ikhale yopangidwa mosalekeza pakadutsa komaliza.
Monga momwe chithunzi 2.4a, chida njira Machining patsekeke mkati ndi kudula mzere, chida njira akhoza kuchotsa owonjezera onse mu m'mimba mwake, osasiya akufa ngodya ndipo palibe kuwonongeka kwa contour. Komabe, njira yodulira mzere idzasiya kutalika kotsalira pakati pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a maulendo awiriwo, ndipo kuuma kwapamwamba kofunikira sikungatheke. Choncho, ngati njira ya chida cha Chithunzi 2.4b ikuvomerezedwa, njira yodulira mzere imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba, ndiyeno kudula kozungulira kumapangidwa kuti kukhale kosalala pamwamba pa contour, zomwe zingathe kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Chithunzi 2.4c ndi njira yabwino yopangira zida.

 

3. Sankhani njira yolowera ndikutuluka

Poganizira zolowera ndi kutuluka kwa chida (kudula ndi kutuluka) njira, kudula kwa chida kapena polowera kuyenera kukhala pa tangent pamphepete mwa mbaliyo kuti muwonetsetse kuti pamakhala kosalala; pewani kukanda chogwirira ntchito podula molunjika mmwamba ndi pansi pamtunda wozungulira; Chepetsani kuyimitsa pakupanga mizere (kusinthika kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mphamvu yodulira) kuti mupewe kusiya zida, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.5.

 

Chithunzi 2.5 Kukulitsa chida podula mkati ndi kunja

4. Sankhani njira yomwe imachepetsa kusinthika kwa workpiece pambuyo pokonza

Pazigawo zowonda kapena mbale zowonda zokhala ndi madera ang'onoang'ono ozungulira, njira ya zida iyenera kukonzedwa ndi makina mpaka kukula komaliza m'mapita angapo kapena kuchotsa gawolo molingana. Pokonzekera masitepe ogwirira ntchito, masitepe ogwirira ntchito omwe amawononga pang'ono kulimba kwa workpiece ayenera kukonzedwa poyamba.

2.2.2 Dziwani malo ndi njira yotsekera

Posankha poyikira ndi kukakamiza chiwembu, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
(1) Yesetsani kugwirizanitsa maziko a mapangidwe, maziko a ndondomeko, ndi maziko owerengera mapulogalamu momwe mungathere; (2) Yesetsani kuyang'ana kwambiri njira, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomangirira, ndikukonza malo onse omwe akuyenera kukonzedwa.
Mmodzi clamping momwe ndingathere; (3) Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ma clamping schemes omwe amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti asinthe pamanja;
(4) Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya clamping iyenera kugwera mbaliyo ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa workpiece.
Monga momwe chithunzi 2.6a chikusonyezera, kulimba kwa axial kwa manja opyapyala kumakhala bwino kuposa kulimba kwa radial. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito clamping clamping, chogwiriracho chimapunduka kwambiri. Ngati clamping mphamvu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira njira ya axial, mapindikidwewo amakhala ochepa kwambiri. Mukamangirira bokosi lokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala lomwe likuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 2.6b, mphamvu yokhota siyenera kuchita pamwamba pa bokosilo koma m'mphepete mwa convex molimba bwino kapena kusintha mpaka kumangika kwa mfundo zitatu pamwamba kuti musinthe malo. mphamvu kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa clamping, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.6c.

 

Chithunzi 2.6 Ubale pakati pa clamping force application point ndi clamping deformation

2.2.3 Dziwani malo achibale a chida ndi workpiece

 

Kwa zida zamakina a CNC, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa malo achibale a chida ndi chogwirira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kukonza. Malo achibale awa amakwaniritsidwa potsimikizira chida chokhazikitsa. Chida chokhazikitsa chida chimatanthawuza malo owonetsera kuti adziwe malo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chida chogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida. Chida chokhazikitsa chida chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa gawo lomwe likukonzedwa kapena pa malo omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wa kukula kwake ndi gawo loyikapo. Chida chokhazikitsa chida nthawi zambiri chimasankhidwa poyambira gawolo. Mfundo zosankhidwa
Pazida zokhazikitsira zida ndi izi: (1) Chida chomwe chasankhidwa chiyenera kupanga dongosolo losavuta;
(2) Chida chokhazikitsa chida chiyenera kusankhidwa pamalo omwe ndi osavuta kugwirizanitsa komanso osavuta kudziwa komwe kumachokera gawolo;
(3) Chida chokhazikitsa chida chiyenera kusankhidwa pamalo omwe ndi abwino komanso odalirika kuti ayang'ane panthawi yokonza;
(4) Kusankhidwa kwa malo opangira zida kuyenera kukhala kothandiza kuwongolera kulondola kwa kukonza.
Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lomwe lasonyezedwa mu Chithunzi 2.7, pokonza pulogalamu ya CNC potengera njira yowonetsera, sankhani mphambano yapakati pa pini ya cylindrical ya chinthu choyikapo ndikuyika ndege A monga njira yokonzera. mfundo. Mwachiwonekere, malo opangira zida apa ndizomwe zimayambira.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malo opangira zida kuti mudziwe komwe akupangira, "chida chokhazikitsa" chimafunika. Zomwe zimatchedwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito zimatanthawuza kugwira ntchito kwa "chida cha malo" kuti chigwirizane ndi "chida chokhazikitsa." Ma radius ndi kutalika kwa chida chilichonse ndi osiyana. Chidacho chikayikidwa pa chida cha makina, malo oyambira a chida ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mu dongosolo lolamulira. Mawu akuti "Tool position point" amatanthauza malo omwe chidacho chili. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.8, malo opangira chida cha cylindrical milling cutter ndi mphambano ya mzere wapakati wa chida ndi pansi pa chida; malo opangira zida zodulira mphero ndiye pakatikati pa mutu wa mpira kapena vertex ya mutu wa mpira; malo a chida cha chida chotembenuza ndi nsonga ya chida kapena pakati pa chida chachitsulo; malo chida pobowola ndi vertex ya kubowola. Chida chokhazikitsa njira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamakina a CNC sizofanana ndendende, ndipo izi zidzakambidwa padera molumikizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamakina.

Zida zosinthira zida zimayikidwa pazida zamakina monga malo opangira makina ndi ma CNC lathes omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo pokonza chifukwa zida zamakinazi zimafunikira kusintha zida panthawi yokonza. Pakuti CNC makina mphero ndi kusintha pamanja chida, lolingana chida kusintha malo ayeneranso anatsimikiza. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa magawo, zida, kapena zosintha panthawi ya kusintha kwa zida, zida zosinthira zida nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kunja kwa mbali zomwe zakonzedwa, ndipo malire ena achitetezo amasiyidwa.

 

2.2.4 Dziwani magawo odulira

Pakukonza zida zamakina odulira bwino zitsulo, zinthu zomwe zikukonzedwa, chida chodulira, komanso kuchuluka kwake ndizinthu zazikulu zitatu. Izi zimatsimikizira nthawi yokonza, moyo wa zida, ndi khalidwe la processing. Njira zachuma komanso zogwirira ntchito zimafuna kusankha koyenera kwa zinthu zodula.
Pozindikira kuchuluka kwa kudula panjira iliyonse, opanga mapulogalamu ayenera kusankha molingana ndi kulimba kwa chidacho komanso zomwe zili mubuku la zida zamakina. Kuchuluka kwa kudula kungathenso kutsimikiziridwa ndi fanizo pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zenizeni. Posankha kuchuluka kwa kudula, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti chidacho chimatha kukonza gawo kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti kulimba kwa chidacho sikuchepera pakusinthana kwa ntchito imodzi, osachepera theka la kusintha kwa ntchito. Kudula-kumbuyo kumachepetsedwa makamaka ndi kulimba kwa chida cha makina. Ngati kusasunthika kwa chida cha makina kumalola, kuchuluka kwa kudula kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi gawo lothandizira pokonza njirayo momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa ziphaso ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Pazigawo zokhala ndi khwimbi lapamwamba komanso zofunikira zolondola, ndalama zokwanira zomaliza ziyenera kusiyidwa. Chilolezo chomaliza cha makina a CNC chikhoza kukhala chocheperako kuposa cha makina onse a zida zamakina.

Okonza mapulogalamu akazindikira magawo odulira, ayenera kuganizira za zida zogwirira ntchito, kuuma, kudula, kuzama kumbuyo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kulimba kwa zida, ndipo pomaliza, sankhani liwiro loyenera kudula. Table 2.1 ndi deta yofotokozera posankha mikhalidwe yodula panthawi yotembenuka.

Table 2.1 Kudula liwiro potembenuza (m/min)

Dzina la zinthu zodula			Kudula Kuwala kuya 0,5 ~ 10. mm mlingo wa chakudya 0.05 ~ 0.3mm / r	Kawirikawiri, kudula Kuzama ndi 1 mpaka 4 mm Ndipo mtengo wa chakudya ndi 0.2 mpaka 0.5 mm / r.	Kudula kwambiri kuya 5 mpaka 12 mm mlingo wa chakudya 0.4 mpaka 0.8 mm / r
Chitsulo chapamwamba cha carbon structural	Khumi#		100 mpaka 250	150 mpaka 250	80 ndi 220
	45 #		60 ndi 230	70 ndi 220	80 mpaka 180
aloyi chitsulo		σ b ≤750MPa	100 mpaka 220	100 mpaka 230	70 ndi 220
		σ b > 750MPa	70 ndi 220	80 ndi 220	80 mpaka 200

2.3 Lembani zikalata zaukadaulo za CNC Machining

Kudzaza zikalata zapadera zaukadaulo za CNC Machining ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zili mu CNC machining process design. Zolemba zaukadaulo izi sizongotengera makina a CNC ndi kuvomereza kwazinthu komanso njira zomwe ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kutsatira ndikukhazikitsa. Zolemba zaukadaulo ndi malangizo achindunji a makina a CNC, ndipo cholinga chawo ndikupangitsa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo momveka bwino za zomwe zili mu pulogalamu yamakina, njira yolumikizira, zida zosankhidwa pagawo lililonse la makina, ndi zina zaukadaulo. Waukulu CNC Machining zikalata luso monga CNC mapulogalamu ntchito buku, workpiece unsembe, chiyambi atakhala khadi, CNC Machining ndondomeko khadi, CNC Machining chida njira mapu, CNC chida khadi, etc. Zotsatirazi amapereka wamba wapamwamba akamagwiritsa, ndi wapamwamba mtundu akhoza kukhala zopangidwa molingana ndi momwe bizinesi ilili.
2.3.1 Buku la ntchito ya CNC Imalongosola zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi kufotokozera ndondomeko ya ogwira ntchito pamakina opangira makina a CNC, komanso ndalama zothandizira makina zomwe ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa pamaso pa makina a CNC. Ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira za okonza mapulogalamu ndi ogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito ndikusonkhanitsa mapulogalamu a CNC; onani Table 2.2 kuti mumve zambiri.

Table 2.2 NC programming task book

Dipatimenti ya ndondomeko		CNC Programming Taskbook				Nambala Yojambulira Zida Zazigawo				Mission No.
						Dzina la Zigawo
						Gwiritsani ntchito zida za CNC				wamba Tsamba Tsamba
Kufotokozera kwakukulu kwa ndondomeko ndi zofunikira zaumisiri:
						Tsiku lolandira mapulogalamu			tsiku la mwezi	Munthu wotsogolera
okonza		Audit		kupanga mapulogalamu		Audit			vomereza

2.3.2 The CNC Machining workpiece unsembe ndi chiyambi chokhazikitsira khadi (wotchedwa chithunzi clamping ndi mbali yokhazikitsira khadi)
Iyenera kuwonetsa njira yoyambira makina a CNC ndi njira yolumikizira, malo oyambira makinawo ndikuwongolera komwe akupita, dzina ndi nambala ya zida zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zina zambiri. Onani Gulu 2.3 kuti mumve zambiri.

Table 2.3 Kuyika kwa workpiece ndi khadi yoyambira

Gawo Nambala	J30102-4	CNC Machining workpiece unsembe ndi chiyambi khadi				Ndondomeko No.
Dzina la Zigawo	Wonyamula mapulaneti					Nambala ya clamping
					3	Maboti a trapezoidal slot
					2	Pressure mbale
					1	Boring ndi mphero fixture mbale	GS53-61
Zokonzedwa ndi (tsiku) Zawunikiridwa ndi (tsiku)			Zavomerezedwa (tsiku)	Tsamba
				Masamba Onse	Nambala ya siriyo	Dzina Lokonzekera	Nambala yojambula yokhazikika

2.3.3 CNC Machining ndondomeko khadi
Pali zofanana zambiri pakatiCNC Machining ndondomekomakadi ndi wamba Machining ndondomeko makadi. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti chiyambi cha mapulogalamu ndi malo oyika zida ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi cha ndondomeko, ndi ndondomeko yachidule ya mapulogalamu (monga chitsanzo cha chida cha makina, chiwerengero cha pulogalamu, malipiro a radius ya chida, njira yopangira ma symmetry processing, etc.) ndi kudula magawo ( mwachitsanzo, liwiro la spindle, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kwa kudula kumbuyo kapena m'lifupi, etc.) ziyenera kusankhidwa. Onani Table 2.4 kuti mumve zambiri.

Gulu 2.4CNCmakina ndondomeko khadi

unit

CNC Machining process khadi

Dzina la malonda kapena code

Dzina la Zigawo

Gawo Nambala

Chithunzi cha ndondomeko

galimoto pakati

Gwiritsani ntchito zida

Ndondomeko No.

Nambala ya Pulogalamu

Dzina Lokonzekera

Kusintha No.

Gawo No.

ntchito sitepe kuchita Viwanda Mkati Lolani

Processing pamwamba

Chida Ayi.

kukonza mpeni kuchuluka

Liwiro la spindle

Liwiro la chakudya

Kubwerera mpeni ndalama

Ndemanga

okonza

Audit

vomereza

Tsiku la Mwezi wa Chaka

wamba Tsamba

No. Tsamba

2.3.4 CNC Machining chida njira chithunzi
Mu makina a CNC, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kutchera khutu ndikuletsa chidacho kuti chitha kugundana mwangozi ndi chojambula kapena chogwirira ntchito pakuyenda. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuwuza wogwiritsa ntchito za njira yoyendetsera zida mu pulogalamuyo (monga komwe mungadulire, komwe mungakweze chida, komwe mungadulire mosasamala, ndi zina). Kuti muchepetse chithunzi cha njira yazida, nthawi zambiri ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zogwirizana kuti ziwonetsere. Zida zamakina zosiyanasiyana zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthano ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Table 2.5 ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Table 2.5 CNC Machining chida njira chithunzi

CNC Machining chida njira mapu			Gawo Nambala	NC01	Ndondomeko No.		Gawo No.		Nambala ya pulogalamu	ku 100
Chitsanzo cha makina	XK5032	Nambala yagawo	N10 ndi N170	Kukonza zili	Milling contour yozungulira				Tsamba lonse 1	No. Tsamba
									kupanga mapulogalamu
									Kutsimikizira
									Chivomerezo
chizindikiro
tanthauzo	Kwezani mpeni	Dulani	Chiyambi cha mapulogalamu	Kudula mfundo		Njira yodula	Kudula mzere wodutsana	Kukwera potsetsereka	Kukonzanso	Kudula mizere

2.3.5 CNC chida khadi
Pa CNC Machining, zofunika zida ndi okhwima kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa chida ndi kutalika kwake ziyenera kusinthidwatu pa chida chokhazikitsa chida kunja kwa makina. Khadi la chida likuwonetsa nambala ya chida, kapangidwe ka zida, mawonekedwe a chogwirira cha mchira, nambala ya dzina la msonkhano, chitsanzo cha tsamba ndi zinthu, ndi zina zotere. Onani Table 2.6 kuti mumve zambiri.

Table 2.6 CNC chida khadi

Gawo Nambala		J30102-4	number control mpeni Chida Khadi chidutswa					Gwiritsani ntchito zida
Dzina lachida		Chida chotopetsa						Chithunzi cha TC-30
Chida nambala		T13006	Njira yosinthira chida	zokha	Nambala ya Pulogalamu
mpeni Chida Gulu kukhala	Nambala ya siriyo	nambala ya siriyo		Dzina lachida	Kufotokozera		kuchuluka	Ndemanga
	1	T013960		Kokani msomali			1
	2	390, 140-5050027		Chogwirizira			1
	3	391, 01-5050100		Ndodo yowonjezera	Φ50×100		1
	4	391, 68-03650 085		Boring bar			1
	5	R416.3-122053 25		Wotopetsa wodula zigawo	Φ41-Φ53		1
	6	Chithunzi cha TCMM110208-52		tsamba			1
	7						2	GC435
Ndemanga
okonza			Kutsimikizira		vomereza		Masamba Onse	Tsamba

Zida zamakina osiyanasiyana kapena zopangira zosiyanasiyana zingafunike mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya CNC kukonza mafayilo apadera aukadaulo. Pantchito, mawonekedwe a fayilo amatha kupangidwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili.