Aluminiyamu ndizitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zopanda chitsulo, ndipo ntchito zake zambiri zikupitiriza kukula. Pali mitundu yopitilira 700,000 ya zinthu za aluminiyamu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zomangamanga, zokongoletsa, zoyendera, ndi zakuthambo. Muzokambiranazi, tiwona ukadaulo wopangira zinthu za aluminiyamu komanso momwe tingapewere kupunduka pakukonza.
Ubwino ndi mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu ndi awa:
- Low Density: Aluminiyamu imakhala ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 2.7 g/cm³, yomwe ili pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chitsulo kapena mkuwa.
- Plasticity Yapamwamba:Aluminiyamu imakhala ndi ductility yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imalola kuti ipangidwe kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopopera, monga extrusion ndi kutambasula.
- Kukana kwa Corrosion:Aluminiyamu mwachibadwa imapanga filimu yoteteza oxide pamwamba pake, kaya mwachilengedwe kapena kudzera mu anodization, yomwe imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapamwamba poyerekeza ndi chitsulo.
- Yosavuta Kulimbitsa:Ngakhale aluminiyamu yoyera imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, mphamvu zake zimatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri kudzera mu anodizing.
- Imathandizira Chithandizo Chapamwamba:Chithandizo chapamwamba chimatha kukulitsa kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu. Njira ya anodizing imakhazikitsidwa bwino ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zotayidwa.
- Mayendedwe Abwino ndi Kubwezeretsanso:Aluminiyamu ndi kondakitala wabwino kwambiri wamagetsi ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyikonzanso.
Aluminium product processing technology
Kusindikiza kwa Aluminium
1. Kupondaponda kozizira
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aluminiyamu pellets. Ma pellets awa amapangidwa mu sitepe imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito makina a extrusion ndi nkhungu. Njirayi ndi yabwino popanga zinthu za columnar kapena mawonekedwe omwe ndi ovuta kukwaniritsa kudzera mukutambasula, monga mawonekedwe a elliptical, square, ndi rectangular. (Monga momwe chithunzi 1, makinawo; chithunzi 2, ma aluminiyamu pellets; ndi chithunzi 3, mankhwala)
Matani a makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito akugwirizana ndi gawo la gawo la mankhwala. Kusiyana pakati pa nkhonya yakumtunda ndi kufa kwapansi kopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha tungsten kumatsimikizira makulidwe a khoma la chinthucho. Mukamaliza kukanikiza, kusiyana koyima kuchokera ku nkhonya yakumtunda kupita kumunsi kumawonetsa makulidwe apamwamba a chinthucho. (Monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzi 4)
Ubwino: Kutsegula kwaufupi kwa nkhungu, kutsika mtengo wa chitukuko kuposa kutambasula nkhungu. kuipa: Long kupanga ndondomeko, kusinthasintha lalikulu la mankhwala kukula pa ndondomeko, mkulu ntchito mtengo.
2. Kutambasula
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: pepala la aluminiyamu. Gwiritsani ntchito makina a nkhungu mosalekeza ndi nkhungu kuti mupangitse zopindika zingapo kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za mawonekedwe, oyenera matupi omwe si a columnar (zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu yopindika). (Monga momwe chithunzi 5, makina, chithunzi 6, nkhungu, ndi chithunzi 7, mankhwala)
Ubwino:Miyezo ya zinthu zovuta komanso zopunduka zambiri zimayendetsedwa mokhazikika panthawi yopanga, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalala.
Zoyipa:Mtengo wokwera wa nkhungu, kuzungulira kwachitukuko kwautali, ndi zofunika kwambiri pakusankha makina ndi kulondola.
Chithandizo chapamwamba cha zinthu za aluminiyamu
1. Kuwombera mchenga (kuwomberedwa)
The ndondomeko kuyeretsa ndi roughening zitsulo pamwamba ndi zotsatira za mkulu-liwiro mchenga otaya.
Njira ya aluminiyumu yopangira mankhwala imapangitsa kuti pakhale ukhondo komanso kuuma kwa workpiece. Zotsatira zake, zida zamakina zam'mwamba zimakhala bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musatope kwambiri. Kusintha kumeneku kumawonjezera kumamatira pakati pa pamwamba ndi zokutira zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukulitsa kulimba kwa zokutira. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kuwongolera komanso kukongola kwa zokutira. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za Apple.
2. Kupukutira
Njira yopangira ntchitoyo imagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina, zamankhwala, kapena zama electrochemical kuti muchepetse kuuma kwa chinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo osalala komanso owala. The ndondomeko kupukuta akhoza m'magulu atatu: makina kupukuta, mankhwala kupukuta, ndi electrolytic kupukuta. Mwa kuphatikiza kupukuta kwamakina ndi kupukuta kwa electrolytic, mbali za aluminiyamu zimatha kukwaniritsa magalasi ngati magalasi ofanana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso cha kuphweka kwapamwamba, mafashoni, ndi kukopa kwamtsogolo.
3. Kujambula kwawaya
Kujambula kwazitsulo zazitsulo ndi njira yopangira momwe mizere imachotsedwa mobwerezabwereza m'mbale za aluminiyamu ndi sandpaper. Kujambula kwawaya kumatha kugawidwa muzojambula zawaya zowongoka, kujambula mawaya mwachisawawa, kujambula mawaya ozungulira, ndi kujambula mawaya. Njira yojambulira waya yachitsulo imatha kuwonetsa bwino chilemba chilichonse chabwino cha silika kuti chitsulo cha matte chikhale chowala bwino tsitsi, ndipo chopangidwacho chimakhala ndi mafashoni ndiukadaulo.
4. Kudula kwakukulu
Kudula kwambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira olondola kwambiri kuti alimbikitse mpeni wa diamondi pakuzungulira kothamanga kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 20,000 rpm) makina ojambulira olondola kwambiri kuti adule mbali ndikupanga madera owoneka bwino pamalopo. Kuwala kwa mawonekedwe odulidwa kumakhudzidwa ndi liwiro la mphero. Liwiro la kubowola mofulumira, m'pamenenso kuwalitsa kudula mfundo zazikulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene madera odulidwa akuda kwambiri, amatha kupanga zizindikiro za mpeni. Kudula kwapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala kofala kwambiri m'mafoni a m'manja, monga iPhone 5. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mafelemu ena apamwamba kwambiri a TV atenga gloss yapamwamba.Kusintha kwa CNCumisiri, ndi anodizing ndi brushing njira kupanga TV wodzaza mafashoni ndi luso lakuthwa.
5. Anodizing
Anodizing ndi njira ya electrochemical yomwe imatulutsa zitsulo kapena ma aloyi. Panthawi imeneyi, aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi ake amapanga filimu ya okusayidi pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu electrolyte inayake pansi pazifukwa zina. Anodizing imakulitsa kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kukana kwa aluminiyamu, kumawonjezera moyo wake wautumiki, ndikuwongolera kukongola kwake. Njirayi yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala a aluminiyamu ndipo pakali pano ndi imodzi mwa njira zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zopambana zomwe zilipo.
6. Anode yamitundu iwiri
Anode yamitundu iwiri imatanthawuza njira yopangira anodizing kuti mugwiritse ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumadera ena. Ngakhale kuti njira ya mitundu iwiri ya anodizing imeneyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m’makampani a wailesi yakanema chifukwa cha zovuta zake komanso kukwera mtengo kwake, kusiyana kwa mitundu iwiriyi kumapangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale chapamwamba komanso chapadera.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kusinthika kwa magawo a aluminiyamu, kuphatikiza zinthu zakuthupi, mawonekedwe a gawo, komanso kupanga. Zomwe zimayambitsa mapindikidwe ndizo: kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kulibe kanthu, mphamvu zodulira ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi ya makina, ndi mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa panthawi ya clamping. Kuti muchepetse zopindikazi, njira zinazake zamachitidwe ndi luso logwirira ntchito zitha kukhazikitsidwa.
Njira zoyeserera zochepetsera ma deformation
1. Chepetsani kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kulibe kanthu
Kukalamba kwachilengedwe kapena kochita kupanga, pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha kugwedezeka, kungathandize kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati kwa chinthu chopanda kanthu. Pre-processing ndi njira yothandiza pazifukwa izi. Kwa chopanda kanthu chokhala ndi mutu wonenepa komanso makutu akulu, kusinthika kwakukulu kumatha kuchitika panthawi yokonza chifukwa cha malire ake. Pokonzekera kale mbali zochulukirapo za zomwe zikusowekapo ndikuchepetsa malire m'dera lililonse, sitingathe kuchepetsa kusinthika komwe kumachitika panthawi yokonzekera komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa zina zamkati zomwe zilipo pambuyo pokonza kale.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo luso lodula la chida
Zida za chida ndi magawo a geometric zimakhudza kwambiri kudula mphamvu ndi kutentha. Kusankha chida choyenera ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kusinthika kwa magawo.
1) Kusankha koyenera kwa zida za geometric.
① Ngodya yoyenda:Pansi pa kusungitsa mphamvu ya tsamba, ngodya ya rake imasankhidwa moyenerera kuti ikhale yokulirapo. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kupukusa nsonga yakuthwa, ndipo kumbali inayo, imatha kuchepetsa kudulira, kupanga kuchotsa chip kukhala kosalala, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yodulira ndi kudula kutentha. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira poto.
② Mbali yakumbuyo:Kukula kwa ngodya yakumbuyo kumakhudza mwachindunji kuvala kwa nkhope ya chida chakumbuyo komanso ubwino wa makina opangidwa ndi makina. Kudula makulidwe ndi chinthu chofunikira posankha ngodya yakumbuyo. Pa mphero yaukali, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya, katundu wodula kwambiri, komanso kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, zida zoziziritsira kutentha zimayenera kukhala zabwino. Choncho, mbali yakumbuyo iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ikhale yaying'ono. Pa mphero yabwino, m'mphepete mwake pamafunika kukhala akuthwa, kukangana pakati pa chida chakumbuyo ndi malo opangidwa ndi makina kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kusinthika kwa zotanuka kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Choncho, mbali yakumbuyo iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ikhale yaikulu.
③ Helix angle:Kuti mphero ikhale yosalala komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mphero, ngodya ya helix iyenera kusankhidwa yayikulu momwe mungathere.
④ mbali yokhotakhota yayikulu:Kuchepetsa moyenerera mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota kumatha kusintha kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwapakati pa malo opangirako.
2) Kupititsa patsogolo zida.
Chepetsani Kuchuluka Kwa Mano Odula Mamilling ndikuwonjezera Chip Space:
Popeza zida za aluminiyamu zimawonetsa pulasitiki wapamwamba komanso kupunduka kwakukulu pakukonza, ndikofunikira kupanga malo okulirapo a chip. Izi zikutanthauza kuti utali wozungulira wa chip groove pansi uyenera kukhala wokulirapo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mano pa chodula mphero kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Kukupera Kwabwino Kwa Mano Odula:
Mtengo wa roughness wa m'mphepete mwa mano ocheka uyenera kukhala wocheperapo Ra = 0.4 µm. Musanagwiritse ntchito chodulira chatsopano, ndi bwino kugaya pang'onopang'ono kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mano odula ndi mwala wabwino kwambiri wamafuta kangapo kuti muchotse nsonga kapena macheke ang'onoang'ono otsalira pakunola. Izi sizimangothandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwapakati komanso kuchepetsa kudula.
Kuwongolera Kwambiri Kuvala Miyezo:
Zida zikayamba kutha, kuuma kwapamwamba kwa chogwirira ntchito kumawonjezeka, kutentha kwa kudula kumakwera, ndipo chogwirira ntchito chimatha kuvutika ndi kupindika kowonjezereka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha zida zokhala ndi kukana kovala bwino, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida sizikupitilira 0.2 mm. Ngati kuvala kupitirira malire awa, kungayambitse kupanga chip. Pa kudula, kutentha kwa workpiece kuyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 100 ° C kuti zisawonongeke.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo njira ya clamping ya workpiece. Pazitsulo zopyapyala zokhala ndi mipanda ya aluminiyamu yosakhazikika bwino, njira zotsatirazi zokhomerera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa mapindikidwe:
① Pazigawo zopyapyala zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, kugwiritsa ntchito chuck ya nsagwada zitatu kapena chotchingira chakumapeto kwa ma radial clamping kumatha kupangitsa kuti chogwiriracho chimasulidwe chikamasulidwa. Pofuna kupewa nkhaniyi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito axial end face clamping njira yomwe imapereka kukhwima kwakukulu. Ikani dzenje lamkati la gawolo, pangani ulusi wodutsa-mandrel, ndikuyiyika mu dzenje lamkati. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito chivundikiro chotchinga kuti mutseke kumapeto ndikuyiteteza mwamphamvu ndi nati. Njirayi imathandizira kupewa kupindika kwa clamping pokonza bwalo lakunja, kuwonetsetsa kulondola kokwanira.
② Mukakonza zitsulo zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kapu yoyamwa vacuum kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu yolumikizira yofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe kakang'ono kungathandize kupewa kusinthika kwa workpiece.
Njira ina yothandiza ndikudzaza mkati mwa workpiece ndi sing'anga kuti ipititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwake. Mwachitsanzo, urea kusungunuka wokhala ndi 3% mpaka 6% potaziyamu nitrate akhoza kuthiridwa mu workpiece. Pambuyo pokonza, workpiece ikhoza kumizidwa m'madzi kapena mowa kuti isungunuke chodzaza ndi kutsanulira.
4. Kukonzekera koyenera kwa njira
Panthawi yodula kwambiri, mphero nthawi zambiri imatulutsa kugwedezeka chifukwa cha malipiro akuluakulu a makina ndi kudula kwapakatikati. Kugwedezeka uku kungathe kusokoneza kulondola kwa makina ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, aCNC njira yodula kwambirinthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magawo angapo: kukulitsa, kumalizitsa pang'ono, kuyeretsa ngodya, ndi kumaliza. Kwa magawo omwe amafunikira kulondola kwambiri, kumaliza kwachiwiri kungakhale kofunikira musanamalize.
Pambuyo pa siteji yowonongeka, ndi bwino kulola kuti ziwalozo zizizizira mwachibadwa. Izi zimathandiza kuthetsa kupsyinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika panthawi ya roughing ndi kuchepetsa mapindikidwe. Chiwongolero cha makina chomwe chimasiyidwa pambuyo pochita roughing chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa mapindikidwe omwe amayembekezeredwa, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1 mpaka 2 mm. Pamapeto pake, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi gawo lofananira la makina pamtunda womalizidwa, makamaka pakati pa 0,2 mpaka 0.5 mm. Kufanana kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti chida chodulira chimakhalabe chokhazikika panthawi yokonza, chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri kudula mapindikidwe, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale khalidwe lapamwamba, ndikuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa ndi olondola.
Maluso ogwirira ntchito kuti muchepetse deformation ya processing
Zigawo za aluminiyamu zimapunduka panthawi yokonza. Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, njira yogwirira ntchito ndi yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni.
1. Pazigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi malipiro akuluakulu opangira, symmetrical processing ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ipititse patsogolo kutentha kwa kutentha panthawi ya makina komanso kuteteza kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza pepala la 90mm wandiweyani mpaka 60mm, ngati mbali imodzi imaphwanyidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa mbali inayo, miyeso yomaliza ingayambitse kulolerana kwa 5mm. Komabe, ngati mobwerezabwereza chakudya symmetrical processing njira ntchito, pamene mbali iliyonse ndi machined mpaka kukula kwake komaliza kawiri, flatness akhoza bwino 0.3mm.
2. Pakakhala mikwingwirima yambiri pazigawo za pepala, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatizana poyang'ana pabowo limodzi panthawi imodzi. Njirayi imatha kuyambitsa mphamvu zosagwirizana pazigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma deformation. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito njira yopangira zosanjikiza pomwe mabowo onse osanjikiza amakonzedwa nthawi imodzi musanapitirire ku gawo lotsatira. Izi zimatsimikizira ngakhale kugawidwa kwa nkhawa pazigawozo ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha deformation.
3. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yodulira ndi kutentha, ndikofunikira kusintha kuchuluka kwa kudula. Pakati pa zigawo zitatu za kuchuluka kwa kudula, kuchuluka kwa kumbuyo kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yodula. Ngati machining allowance ndi ochulukirachulukira ndipo mphamvu yodulira pakadutsa imodzi ndiyokwera kwambiri, imatha kuyambitsa mapindikidwe a zigawozo, kusokoneza kulimba kwa makina opota, ndikuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa zida.
Ngakhale kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudula kumbuyo kungapangitse moyo wautali wa chida, kungathenso kuchepetsa kupanga. Komabe, mphero yothamanga kwambiri mu makina a CNC imatha kuthana ndi vutoli. Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudula m'mbuyo ndikuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi liwiro la chida cha makina, mphamvu yodulira imatha kuchepetsedwa popanda kusokoneza luso la makina.
4. Mndandanda wa ntchito zodula ndizofunikira. Makina opangira makinawa amayang'ana kwambiri kukulitsa luso la makina ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochotsa pagawo lililonse la nthawi. Kawirikawiri, mphero yobwerera kumbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi. Posintha mphero, zinthu zochulukirapo kuchokera kumtunda wopanda kanthu zimachotsedwa mwachangu kwambiri komanso munthawi yochepa kwambiri, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyambira a geometric pomaliza.
Kumbali inayi, kumaliza kumayika patsogolo kulondola kwambiri komanso khalidwe labwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphero ikhale njira yomwe mumakonda. Mu mphero yotsika, makulidwe a odulidwawo amachepa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pazipita mpaka ziro. Njirayi imachepetsa kwambiri kuuma kwa ntchito ndikuchepetsa kusinthika kwa magawo omwe amapangidwa.
5. Ma workpieces okhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapindikidwe chifukwa cha clamping panthawi yokonza, vuto lomwe limapitilirabe ngakhale pomaliza. Kuti muchepetse kupindika uku, ndikofunikira kumasula chipangizo cholumikizira chisanafike kukula komaliza pakumaliza. Izi zimathandiza kuti chogwirira ntchito chibwerere ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, pambuyo pake chikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso pang'onopang'ono-chokwanira kungogwira ntchitoyo-kutengera momwe wogwiritsira ntchito akumvera. Njirayi imathandiza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino za processing.
Mwachidule, clamping force iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyandikira kwambiri pamalo ochiritsira ndikuwongoleredwa panjira yolimba kwambiri ya workpiece. Ngakhale kuli kofunikira kuti chogwirira ntchito chisasunthike, mphamvu yolumikizira iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zabwino.
6. Mukamakonza zigawo zokhala ndi zibowo, pewani kulola chodulira mphero kulowa molunjika muzinthu monga momwe kubowola kungachitire. Njirayi ingapangitse kuti pakhale malo osakwanira a chip kwa chodula mphero, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto monga kuchotsa chip, kutenthedwa, kukulitsa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chip kapena kusweka kwa zigawozo.
M'malo mwake, choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kofanana kapena kukulirapo kuposa chodula mphero kuti mupange dzenje loyamba lodulira. Pambuyo pake, chodulira mphero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya. Kapenanso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya CAM kupanga pulogalamu yodula mozungulira pa ntchitoyi.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri kapena kufunsa, chonde omasuka kulumikizananiinfo@anebon.com
Katswiri wa gulu la Anebon komanso kuzindikira kwautumiki kwathandiza kampaniyo kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino pakati pa makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chopereka zotsika mtengo.CNC Machining magawo, CNC kudula magawo, ndiChithunzi cha CNCmakina opanga zigawo. Cholinga chachikulu cha Anebon ndikuthandiza makasitomala kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Kampaniyo yakhala ikuyesetsa kwambiri kuti pakhale mwayi wopambana kwa onse ndikukulandirani kuti mulowe nawo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-27-2024