Odulira mphero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tinthu tating'ono tating'ono komanso magawo olondola m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zimagwira ntchito makamaka pa ntchito monga kusokoneza ndi kuchotseratu zida zogwirira ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga ma angle mphero cutters kumatha kufotokozedwa kudzera mu mfundo za trigonometric. M'munsimu, timapereka zitsanzo zingapo zamapulogalamu a machitidwe wamba a CNC.
1. Mawu Oyamba
Popanga zenizeni, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusokoneza m'mphepete mwazinthu. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zosinthira: kukonza mphero yomaliza, kukonza mapulogalamu odula mpira, kapena kukonza makina odulira milling. Ndi mapulogalamu omaliza a mphero, nsonga ya chida imatha msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chida chichepetse nthawi [1]. Kumbali ina, mapulogalamu odula mpira sagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo njira zonse zodulira mphero ndi zodulira mpira zimafunikira ma macro programming, zomwe zimafuna luso linalake kuchokera kwa woyendetsa.
Mosiyana ndi izi, ma angle milling cutter contour programming imangofunika kusinthidwa ku chipukuta misozi cha kutalika kwa chida ndi nsonga zolipirira ma radius mkati mwa pulogalamu yomaliza. Izi zimapangitsa kupanga ma angle milling cutter contour kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri pakati pa atatuwo. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amadalira kudula koyeserera kuti ayese chida. Amazindikira kutalika kwa chida pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodulira ya Z-direction workpiece pambuyo potengera m'mimba mwake chida. Njirayi imagwira ntchito pa chinthu chimodzi chokha, zomwe zimafunikira kukonzanso posinthana ndi chinthu china. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika zowongola bwino pakusintha kwa zida komanso njira zamapulogalamu.
2. Chiyambi cha anthu ambiri ntchito kupanga ngodya mphero cutters
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chida chophatikizika cha carbide chamfering, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusokoneza ndi kusokoneza m'mphepete mwa magawo. Zodziwika bwino ndi 60 °, 90 ° ndi 120 °.
Chithunzi 1: Chidutswa chimodzi cha carbide chamfering cutter
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa mphero yophatikizika yomaliza, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi ma angles osasunthika m'magawo okwerera. Chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chimakhala chochepera 30 °.
Chithunzi cha 3 chikuwonetsa chodulira mphero chokhala ndi mainchesi akulu okhala ndi zolowetsa zolozera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo akulu akulu. Chida nsonga angle ndi 15 ° mpaka 75 ° ndipo akhoza makonda.
3. Dziwani njira yokhazikitsira zida
Mitundu itatu ya zida zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimagwiritsa ntchito pansi pa chida ngati malo owonetserako. Z-axis imakhazikitsidwa ngati zero point pa chida cha makina. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa malo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale pa Z direction.
Njira yokhazikitsira chida ichi imathandizira kukhalabe kutalika kwa chida mkati mwa makinawo, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha ndi zolakwika zomwe zingachitike ndi anthu okhudzana ndi kudula koyeserera kwa workpiece.
4. Kusanthula Mfundo Zazikulu
Kudula kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa zinthu zotsala kuchokera ku chogwirira ntchito kuti apange tchipisi, zomwe zimapangitsa chogwirira ntchito chokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika bwino a geometric, kukula kwake, ndi kumaliza kwake. Chinthu choyamba pakupanga makina ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chidacho chikugwirizana ndi chogwirira ntchito m'njira yomwe akufunira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 5 Chamfering wodula kukhudzana ndi workpiece
Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa kuti kuti chida chizitha kulumikizana ndi chogwirira ntchito, malo apadera ayenera kuperekedwa ku nsonga ya chida. Udindowu umayimiridwa ndi zonse zopingasa komanso zowongoka pa ndege, komanso kutalika kwa chida ndi kugwirizanitsa Z-axis pamalo okhudzana.
Kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chida chamfering pokhudzana ndi gawolo kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 6. Mfundo A ikuwonetsa malo ofunikira. Kutalika kwa mzere BC kumatchedwa LBC, pamene kutalika kwa mzere AB kumatchedwa LAB. Apa, LAB ikuyimira cholumikizira cha Z-axis cha chida, ndipo LBC ikuwonetsa utali wa chida pamalo olumikizirana.
Pamakina othandiza, malo olumikizirana ndi chidacho kapena kulumikizana kwake kwa Z kumatha kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira. Popeza kuti mbali ya nsonga ya chida yakhazikika, kudziwa chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale kumalola kuwerengera chinacho pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za trigonometric [3]. Mafomuwa ndi awa: LBC = LAB * tan(chida nsonga angle/2) ndi LAB = LBC / tan(chida nsonga angle/2).
Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito chodulira chodula cha carbide chamfering chimodzi, ngati tikuganiza kuti Z coordinate ndi -2, titha kudziwa njira yolumikizirana ndi zida zitatu: mawonekedwe olumikizirana ndi chodulira cha 60 ° ndi 2 * tan (30 °). ) = 1.155 mm, kwa 90 ° chamfering cutter ndi 2 * tan (45 °) = 2 mm, ndi 120 ° chodula chamfering ndi 2 * tan (60 °) = 3.464 mm.
Mosiyana, ngati tikuganiza kuti chida cholumikizirana ndi 4.5 mm, titha kuwerengera zolumikizira za Z pazida zitatuzi: Z coordinate ya 60 ° chamfer milling cutter ndi 4.5 / tan (30 °) = 7.794, ya 90 ° chamfer. chodula mphero ndi 4.5 / tan(45°) = 4.5, ndi mphero ya 120° chamfer wodula ndi 4.5 / tan (60 °) = 2.598.
Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbali imodzi ya mphero yolumikizana ndi gawolo. Mosiyana ndi chodula cha carbide chamfer chodula chimodzi, mphero yokhala ndi mbali imodzi imakhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono kumapeto, ndipo mawonekedwe olumikizirana ndi chida ayenera kuwerengedwa ngati (LBC + chida chocheperako / 2). Njira yeniyeni yowerengera ili mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Njira yowerengera utali wolumikizana ndi chida imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kutalika (L), ngodya (A), m'lifupi (B), ndi kupendekera kwa theka la nsonga ya chida, kufupikitsidwa ndi theka la mainchesi ang'onoang'ono. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kupeza cholumikizira cha Z kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa theka la mainchesi ang'onoang'ono kuchokera pagawo lolumikizana ndi chida ndikugawa zotsatira zake ndi tangent ya theka la nsonga ya chida. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphero yophatikizika yokhala ndi miyeso inayake, monga cholumikizira cha Z-axis cha -2 ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono a 2mm, kumapereka ma radiyo olumikizana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya odula mphero pamakona osiyanasiyana: chodulira cha 20 ° chimapereka utali wozungulira. wa 1.352mm, wodula 15 ° amapereka 1.263mm, ndipo wodula 10 ° amapereka 1.175mm.
Ngati tilingalira za momwe chida cholumikizirana chimayikidwa pa 2.5mm, zofananira za Z-axis za odula mphero zamadigiri osiyanasiyana zitha kutulutsidwa motere: kwa wodula 20 °, amawerengera mpaka 8.506, pa 15 °. wodula mpaka 11.394, ndi wodula 10 °, 17.145 wochuluka.
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pazithunzi kapena zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana, kutsindika sitepe yoyamba yodziwira kukula kwa chidacho. Pozindikira zaCNC makinaNjira, chisankho pakati pa kuika patsogolo utali wa chida chokonzedweratu kapena kusintha kwa Z-axis kumakhudzidwa ndichigawo cha aluminiyamukamangidwe. Muzochitika zomwe gawoli likuwonetsa gawo laposachedwa, kupewa kusokonezedwa ndi chogwirira ntchito posintha cholumikizira cha Z kumakhala kofunika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pazigawo zopanda zopindika, kusankha malo olumikizirana ndi chida chokulirapo ndi kopindulitsa, kumalimbikitsa kumaliza kwapamwamba kapena kukhathamiritsa kwa makina.
Zosankha zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa utali wa zida ndi kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha Z zimatengera zofunikira za mtunda wa chamfer ndi bevel zomwe zasonyezedwa pa pulani ya gawolo.
5. Zitsanzo za Mapulogalamu
Kuchokera pakuwunika kwa mfundo zowerengera za chida, zikuwonekeratu kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito chodulira chodulira chopangira makina opangira machining, ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa nsonga ya chida, utali wozungulira wa chida, komanso mwina Z-axis. mtengo wokhazikitsira chida kapena utali wokhazikika wa chida.
Gawo lotsatirali likuwonetsa magawo osinthika a FANUC #1, #2, Siemens CNC system R1, R2, Okuma CNC system VC1, VC2, ndi Heidenhain system Q1, Q2, Q3. Imawonetsa momwe mungapangire magawo enaake pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera yokhazikika ya dongosolo lililonse la CNC. Mawonekedwe olowetsa a magawo osinthika a machitidwe a FANUC, Siemens, Okuma, ndi Heidenhain CNC afotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu Matebulo 1 mpaka 4.
Zindikirani:P imayimira nambala yolipira zida, pomwe R ikuwonetsa mtengo wamalipiro a chida mumtheradi wamalamulo (G90).
Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zopangira mapulogalamu: nambala yotsatizana 2 ndi nambala yotsatizana 3. Z-axis coordinates imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolipirira chiwongola dzanja, pomwe njira yolumikizirana ndi chida imagwiritsa ntchito njira yamalipiro ya radius geometry.
Zindikirani:M'mawonekedwe a malangizo, "2" amatanthauza nambala ya chida, pamene "1" amatanthauza nambala ya m'mphepete mwa chida.
Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zopangira mapulogalamu, makamaka serial number 2 ndi serial number 3, ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi Z-axis ndi njira zolipirira utali wa zida zotsalira zomwe zatchulidwa kale.
Dongosolo la Heidenhain CNC limalola kusintha kwachindunji kwa kutalika kwa chida ndi radius chida chikasankhidwa. DL1 imayimira kutalika kwa chida chowonjezeka ndi 1mm, pomwe DL-1 ikuwonetsa kutalika kwa chida kutsika ndi 1mm. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito DR ikugwirizana ndi njira zomwe tatchulazi.
Zolinga zowonetsera, makina onse a CNC adzagwiritsa ntchito bwalo la φ40mm monga chitsanzo pakupanga mapulogalamu. Chitsanzo cha mapulogalamu chaperekedwa pansipa.
5.1 Fanuc CNC system programming chitsanzo
Pamene #1 yakhazikitsidwa ku mtengo wokonzedweratu mu njira ya Z, #2 = #1*tan (chida nsonga angle/2) + (radius yaying'ono), ndipo pulogalamuyo ili motere.
G10L11P (nambala yolipirira chida chautali) R-#1
G10L12P (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) R#2
G0X25Y10G43H (nambala yolipira chida chautali) Z0G01
G41D (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0 I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Pamene #1 yakhazikitsidwa kumtunda wolumikizana, #2 = [ma radiyo olumikizana nawo - radius yaying'ono]/tani (chida nsonga angle/2), ndipo pulogalamuyo ili motere.
G10L11P (nambala yolipirira chida chautali) R-#2
G10L12P (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) R#1
G0X25Y10G43H (nambala yolipira chida chautali) Z0
G01G41D (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Mu pulogalamuyo, pamene kutalika kwa gawo lopendekeka kumayikidwa mu Z direction, R mu gawo la pulogalamu ya G10L11 ndi "- # 1-inclined surface Z-direction length"; pamene utali wa mbali yokhotakhotayo yalembedwa molunjika, R mu gawo la pulogalamu ya G10L12 ndi "+#1-inclined surface horizontal length".
5.2 Siemens CNC dongosolo mapulogalamu chitsanzo
Pamene R1=Z mtengo wokonzedweratu, R2=R1tan(chida nsonga angle/2)+(radius yaying'ono), pulogalamuyo imakhala motere.
TC_DP12[nambala yachida, m'mphepete mwa chida]=-R1
TC_DP6[nambala yachida, m'mphepete mwa chida]=R2
G0X25Y10
Z0
G01G41D(nambala yolipira chida cha radius)X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Pamene R1=contact radius, R2=[R1-minor radius]/tan(chida nsonga angle/2), pulogalamuyo imakhala motere.
TC_DP12[nambala yachida, nambala yakutsogolo]=-R2
TC_DP6[nambala yachida, chakumapeto]=R1
G0X25Y10
Z0
G01G41D (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) X20F1000Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Mu pulogalamuyi, pamene kutalika kwa gawo la bevel kuli chizindikiro cha Z, gawo la pulogalamu ya TC_DP12 ndi "-R1-bevel Z-direction length"; pamene kutalika kwa gawo la bevel kumayikidwa molunjika, gawo la pulogalamu ya TC_DP6 ndi "+R1-bevel yopingasa kutalika".
5.3 Okuma CNC dongosolo mapulogalamu chitsanzo Pamene VC1 = Z preset mtengo, VC2 = VC1tan (chida nsonga angle / 2) + (yaing'ono utali wozungulira), pulogalamu motere.
VTOFH [nambala yolipira zida] = -VC1
VTOFD [nambala yolipira zida] = VC2
G0X25Y10
G56Z0
G01G41D (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Pamene VC1 = kukhudzana utali wozungulira, VC2 = (VC1-zing'ono utali wozungulira) / tani (chida nsonga angle / 2), pulogalamuyi ndi motere.
VTOFH (nambala yolipira zida) = -VC2
VTOFD (nambala yolipira zida) = VC1
G0X25Y10
G56Z0
G01G41D (nambala yolipira chida cha radius) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Mu pulogalamuyi, pamene kutalika kwa gawo la bevel kulembedwa ku Z, gawo la pulogalamu ya VTOFH ndi "-VC1-bevel Z-direction length"; pamene kutalika kwa gawo la bevel kumayikidwa molunjika, gawo la pulogalamu ya VTOFD ndi "+ VC1-bevel horizontal length".
5.4 Chitsanzo cha pulogalamu ya Heidenhain CNC system
Pamene Q1=Z mtengo woikidwiratu, Q2=Q1tan(chida nsonga ngodya/2)+(radius yaying'ono), Q3=Q2-chida chozungulira, pulogalamuyo imakhala motere.
CHIDA "Chida nambala / chida dzina"DL-Q1 DR Q3
Chithunzi cha LX25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAXL X20 R
L F1000
L y0
Chithunzi cha CC X0Y0
C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
Pamene Q1=contact radius, Q2=(VC1-minor radius)/tan(chida nsonga angle/2), Q3=Q1-chida utali wozungulira, pulogalamu ili motere.
CHIDA "Chida nambala / dzina lachida" DL-Q2 DR Q3
Chithunzi cha LX25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAX
L X20 RL F1000
L y0
Chithunzi cha CC X0Y0
C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
Mu pulogalamuyo, pamene kutalika kwa gawo la bevel kumalembedwa mbali ya Z, DL ndi "-Q1-bevel Z-direction length"; pamene kutalika kwa gawo la bevel kumayikidwa molunjika, DR ndi "+ Q3-bevel yopingasa kutalika".
6. Kuyerekeza kwa nthawi yokonza
Zojambula za trajectory ndi mafananidwe a parameter a njira zitatu zowonongeka zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 5. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ngodya yopangira ma contour programming kumabweretsa nthawi yaifupi yokonza ndi khalidwe labwino la pamwamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga ma angle mphero cutters kumathana ndi zovuta zomwe zimakumana ndi mapulogalamu amtundu wa mphero ndi mapulogalamu odulira mpira, kuphatikiza kufunikira kwa odziwa bwino ntchito, kuchepetsa moyo wa zida, komanso kutsika kwachangu. Pokhazikitsa zida zogwirira ntchito komanso njira zamapulogalamu, nthawi yokonzekera zopanga imachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-23-2024