Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino chopangira zida. Kuphunzira za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungathandize ogwiritsa ntchito zida kukhala odziwa bwino kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida bwino.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafupikitsidwa kuti SS, chimatha kupirira kutenthedwa ndi mpweya, nthunzi, madzi, ndi zinthu zina zowononga pang'ono. Pakalipano, chitsulo chomwe chimatha kukana zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kuchokera ku zinthu monga asidi, alkali, mchere, ndi mankhwala ena opangira mankhwala, amadziwika kuti asidi-resistant steel.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga asidi, chimatha kupirira mpweya, nthunzi, madzi, ndi zinthu zowononga pang'ono. Komabe, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti sizitsulo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Kumbali ina, chitsulo chosamva asidi chimapangidwa kuti chiteteze zotsatira za mankhwala monga asidi, alkali, ndi mchere. Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira mkati mwazitsulo.
Chigawo chofanana
Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa ndi bungwe la metallographic:
Mu gawo la metallographic bungwe, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic. Maguluwa amapanga maziko, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo, zitsulo za biphase, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolimba-mvula, ndi chitsulo chapamwamba cha alloy chokhala ndi chitsulo chochepera 50% zapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zenizeni ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zinazake.
1, Chitsulo Chopanda Magnetic Chopanda Maginito
Mtundu uwu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri uli ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo omwe amadziwika kuti austenitic, omwe amalimbikitsidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito kuzizira. Si maginito, koma manambala 200 ndi 300, monga 304, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi American Iron and Steel Institute kuti azindikire chitsulo ichi.
2, Chitsulo Chopanda Chopanda Chopangidwa Kwambiri ndi Chitsulo
Mtundu uwu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri makamaka umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo omwe amalamulidwa ndi ferrite (gawo A), lomwe ndi maginito. Sizingaumitsidwe chifukwa cha kutentha, koma kugwira ntchito mozizira kungapangitse kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mphamvu. American Iron and Steel Institute imatchula 430 ndi 446 monga zitsanzo.
3, Chitsulo Cholimba Chosapanga dzimbiri
Mtundu uwu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri uli ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo otchedwa martensitic omwe ndi maginito. Mawotchi ake amatha kusinthidwa kupyolera mu chithandizo cha kutentha. American Iron and Steel Institute imatchula kuti 410, 420, ndi 440. Martensite imayamba ndi mawonekedwe a austenitic pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo imatha kusintha kukhala martensite (ie, imakhala yovuta) ikazizira pa liwiro loyenera kutentha kutentha.
4, Duplex Stainless Steel
Mtundu uwu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri uli ndi zosakaniza za austenitic ndi ferritic. Gawo laling'ono pamapangidwewo nthawi zambiri limakhala lokulirapo kuposa 15%, kupangitsa kuti likhale maginito komanso lotha kulimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. 329 ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha mtundu uwu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimawonetsa mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwonjezereka kodziwikirana ndi dzimbiri la intergranular, chloride stress corrosion, ndi point corrosion.
5, Chitsulo Chosapanga dzimbiri Chokhala ndi Mpweya Woumitsa Kutha
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choterechi chimakhala ndi matrix omwe ndi austenitic kapena martensitic ndipo amatha kuumitsidwa chifukwa cha kuuma kwa mvula. The American Iron
ndiSteel Institute imapereka manambala 600 kuzitsulo izi, monga 630, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 17-4PH.
Nthawi zambiri, kupatula ma alloys, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapadera. Pamalo osapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za ferritic zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe m'malo owononga pang'ono pomwe pamafunika mphamvu kapena kulimba, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndi mvula yowumitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira zoyenera.
Features ndi malo ntchito
Ukadaulo wapamwamba
Kusiyanitsa makulidwe
1, chifukwa makina achitsulo akugubuduza, kutentha kwa mpukutu kumawoneka ngati kupindika pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makulidwe a gululo apatukane, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhuthala mbali zonse zoonda. Poyesa makulidwe a bolodi, boma likunena kuti gawo lapakati la mutu wa bolodi liyenera kuyezedwa.
2, chifukwa kulolerana ndi malinga ndi msika ndi zofuna za makasitomala, ambiri amagawidwa tolerances lalikulu ndi tolerances ang'onoang'ono: mwachitsanzo,
Ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zamtundu wanji zomwe sizivuta kuchita dzimbiri?
Pali zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri:
1, zomwe zili mu alloying elements.
Mphamvu ya Alloying Elements Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chokhala ndi chromium osachepera 10.5% chimawonetsa kukana dzimbiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi milingo yambiri ya chromium ndi faifi tambala, monga momwe zimapezedwera mu chitsulo cha 304 chokhala ndi faifi tambala 8-10% ndi 18-20% chromium, chimawonetsa kulimba kwa dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sichimva dzimbiri nthawi zonse.
2. Chikoka cha Smelting Process pa Corrosion Resistance
Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungakhudzidwenso ndi njira yosungunulira m'malo opangira. Zomera zazikulu zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zida zamakono zimatha kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso zodalirika pogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera koyenera kwa zinthu za alloying, kuchotsa zonyansa zogwira ntchito, ndikuwongolera bwino kutentha kwa billet. Izi zimabweretsa kukongola kwamkati komanso kuchepa kwa dzimbiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mphero zing'onozing'ono zazitsulo zokhala ndi zida zakale komanso luso lamakono zingavutike kuchotsa zonyansa panthawi yosungunula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zawo zikhale ndi dzimbiri.
3. chilengedwe chakunja, nyengo ndi youma ndi mpweya wokwanira chilengedwe si kophweka dzimbiri.
Mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe chakunja, makamaka nyengo youma ndi mpweya wabwino, sizilimbikitsa kupanga dzimbiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya, nyengo yamvula yanthawi yayitali, kapena malo okhala ndi pH yokwera angayambitse dzimbiri. Ngakhale chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 chimachita dzimbiri ngati chikakumana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zikuwoneka dzimbiri malo momwe angathanirane?
1. Njira zamakina
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zama mankhwala monga pickling phala kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti muchepetsenso malo a dzimbiri, kupanga filimu ya chromium oxide yomwe imabwezeretsa kusachita dzimbiri. Pambuyo pa pickling, kutsuka bwino ndi madzi ndikofunikira kuti muchotse zonyansa zonse ndi zotsalira za asidi. Malizitsani njira yochizirayo pokonzanso ndi zida zoyenera ndikusindikiza ndi sera. Pa malo ang'onoang'ono a dzimbiri, sakanizani mafuta ndi mafuta mu 1: 1 ndi nsalu yoyera kuchotsa dzimbiri.
2. Njira yamakina
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphulitsa mchenga, kuphulitsa magalasi kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ceramic, kutsuka, kutsuka, ndi kupukuta ndi njira zenizeni zochotsera kuipitsidwa komwe kumasiyidwa ndi kupukuta kapena kupukuta. Kuipitsidwa kwamtundu uliwonse, makamaka tinthu tating'ono ta chitsulo, titha kuchititsa dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo achinyezi. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchita kuyeretsa thupi pa malo youma. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi kumatha kuchotsa zonyansa zapamtunda zokha ndipo sikusintha kukana kwachilengedwe kwa dzimbiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumaliza ntchitoyi pokonzanso ndi zida zoyenera ndikusindikiza ndi sera yopukutira.
Chida ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri kalasi kalasi ndi ntchito
1, 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, choyenera kupanga chokoka mozama.cnc makina zigawo, mapaipi a asidi, zotengera, zigawo zamapangidwe, ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kupanga zida zopanda maginito komanso zotsika kutentha komanso zida.
2, 304L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kusakhazikika kwa dzimbiri kwa 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha mvula ya Cr23C6 pansi pamikhalidwe inayake. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chotsika kwambiri chotsika kwambiri cha carbon austenitic chimapangitsa kukhazikika kwa dzimbiri kwa intergranular poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale ikuwonetsa mphamvu zotsika pang'ono, imagawana zinthu zofanana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 321 ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera. Ndizoyenera kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira zida ndi zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso zida zomwe sizingalandire chithandizo cholimba cha njira.
3, 304H chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Nthambi yamkati ya 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kagawo kakang'ono ka kaboni ka 0.04% -0.10%, kutentha kwakukulu kumakhala bwino kuposa 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
4, 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwonjezera kwa molybdenum pamaziko a chitsulo cha 10Cr18Ni12 kumapangitsa chitsulo kukhala ndi kukana bwino kuchepetsa zofalitsa ndi mfundo zowonongeka. M'madzi a m'nyanja ndi ma TV ena, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikwabwino kuposa 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopinga.
5, 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Koposa-otsika mpweya zitsulo, ndi kukana zabwino sensitized intergranular dzimbiri, oyenera kupanga mbali welded ndi zipangizo ndi makulidwe wandiweyani mtanda gawo, monga dzimbiri zosagwira zipangizo mu petrochemical zipangizo.
6, 316H chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. 316 zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo mkati nthambi, mpweya misa gawo la 0,04% -0.10%, kutentha ntchito bwino kuposa 316 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
7, 317 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Pitting ndi zokwawa kukana ndi bwino kuposa 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ntchito popanga petrochemical ndi organic acid dzimbiri zosagwira dzimbiri.
8, 321 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chokhala ndi titaniyamu. Kuphatikizika kwa titaniyamu kumakulitsa kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa intergranular, komanso kumawonetsa zinthu zabwino zamakina pa kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, salangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito, kupatula zochitika zina monga kukumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu kapena dzimbiri lopangidwa ndi haidrojeni.
9, 347 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chomwe chimakhazikika ndi niobium. Kuphatikizika kwa niobium kumawonjezera kukana kwake ku dzimbiri zamkati komanso kuthekera kwake kupirira dzimbiri mu acidic, alkaline, mchere, ndi malo ena owopsa amankhwala. Imawonetsanso mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yowotcherera, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso ngati chitsulo chosagwira kutentha. Chitsulo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amafuta ndi petrochemical pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zotengera, mapaipi, zosinthira kutentha, shafts, ndi machubu akung'anima m'ng'anjo za mafakitale, komanso ma thermometers a ng'anjo.
10, 904L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chopangidwa ndi OUTOKUMPU (Finland) chokhala ndi faifi tambala kuyambira 24% mpaka 26% ndi mpweya wochepera 0.02%. Imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapadera ndipo imachita bwino muzinthu zopanda oxidizing acid monga sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ndi phosphoric acid. Kuphatikiza apo, imawonetsa kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri komanso kupsinjika kwamphamvu. Ndiwoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sulfuric acid pazigawo zosiyanasiyana pansi pa 70 ℃ ndipo imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapamwamba mu acetic acid ndi ma acid osakanikirana a formic acid ndi acetic acid pamlingo uliwonse komanso kutentha pansi pazovuta zanthawi zonse. Poyambirira adatchulidwa ngati alloy-based alloy pansi pa ASMESB-625 standard, tsopano adasinthidwanso ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ngakhale zitsulo zaku China za 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 zimagawana zofanana ndi 904L, opanga zida zingapo ku Europe amagwiritsa ntchito 904L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ngati zida zawo zoyambira.magawo a cnc, monga chubu choyezera mita ya E+ H mass flow metre ndi Rolex watch case.
11, 440C chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic, cholimba kwambiri muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuuma ndi HRC57. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma nozzles, mayendedwe, valavu spool, mpando, manja, tsinde ndi zina zotero.
12, 17-4PH chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatchedwa martensitic precipitation-hardened zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi Rockwell hardness of 44. Amapereka mphamvu yapadera, kuuma, ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, ngakhale kuti sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kuposa 300 ° C. Chitsulo ichi chimasonyeza kukana bwino kwa mlengalenga, komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa asidi kapena mchere. Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumafanana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 430. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ichi kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake popanga nsanja zakunyanja, masamba a turbine, ma valve, mipando, manja, ma valve, ndi zina zambiri.
Pankhani ya zida zaukadaulo, kusankha kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu monga kusinthasintha komanso mtengo. Njira zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisankhe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L. Makamaka, 317 ndiyosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, 321 sayanjidwa, 347 imakondedwa chifukwa chokana kutentha kwambiri, ndipo 904L ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zinazake zopangidwa ndi makampani ena. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 904L nthawi zambiri sichimasankha pakupanga mapangidwe.
Mu chida kapangidwe ndi kusankha, nthawi zambiri amakumana zosiyanasiyana machitidwe osiyanasiyana, mndandanda, sukulu zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo, kusankha ayenera zochokera yeniyeni ndondomeko TV, kutentha, kupanikizika, nkhawa mbali, dzimbiri, mtengo ndi mbali zina kuganizira.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-23-2024