1, Gulu la zida zoyezera
Chida choyezera ndi chipangizo chokhazikika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanganso kapena kupereka mfundo imodzi kapena zingapo zodziwika. Zida zoyezera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito:
Chida choyezera mtengo umodzi:Chida chomwe chimawonetsa mtengo umodzi wokha. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndikusintha zida zina zoyezera kapena ngati kuchuluka kofananira mwachindunji ndi chinthu choyezera, monga miyeso, milingo yoyezera ngodya, ndi zina zambiri.
Chida choyezera zinthu zambiri:Chida chomwe chingawonetse mndandanda wazinthu zofanana. Ikhozanso kuwongolera ndikusintha zida zina zoyezera kapena kufananiza mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe kumayesedwa ngati muyezo, monga chowongolera mzere.
Zida zapadera zoyezera:Zida zopangidwira kuti ziyese gawo linalake. Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo ma geji osalala owonera mabowo osalala kapena ma shafts, ma geji a ulusi kuti adziwe kuyenerera kwa ulusi wamkati kapena wakunja, ma tempuleti owunikira kuti adziwe kuyenerera kwa ma contours owoneka bwino, miyeso yoyeserera yoyesa kulondola kwa msonkhano pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera yolumikizirana, ndi zina zotero.
Zida zoyezera zonse:Ku China, zida zoyezera zomwe zili ndi zida zosavuta zimatchedwa zida zoyezera zapadziko lonse lapansi, monga ma vernier calipers, ma micrometer akunja, zizindikiro zoyimba, ndi zina zambiri.
2, Zizindikiro zaukadaulo wa zida zoyezera
Mtengo mwadzina
Mtengo wocheperako umafotokozedwa pa chida choyezera kuti chiwonetse mawonekedwe ake kapena kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake. Zimaphatikizapo miyeso yodziwika pa chipika choyezera, rula, ngodya zolembedwa pakona yoyezera, ndi zina zotero.
Mtengo wogawa
Mtengo wogawa ndi kusiyana pakati pa mizere yoyimiridwa ndi mizere iwiri yoyandikana (mtengo wocheperako) pa wolamulira wa chida choyezera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kusiyana pakati pa mizere yoyimiridwa ndi mizere iwiri yolembedwa moyandikana pa silinda yosiyana ya micrometer yakunja ndi 0.01mm, ndiye kuti gawo lachida choyezera ndi 0.01mm. Mtengo wogawa umayimira mtengo wocheperako womwe chida choyezera chingawerenge mwachindunji, kuwonetsa kulondola kwake ndi kuyeza kwake.
Muyezo osiyanasiyana
Muyeso woyezera ndi utali wochokera ku malire otsika kupita kumtunda wapamwamba wa mtengo woyezera womwe chida choyezera chingathe kuyeza mkati mwa kusatsimikizika kololedwa. Mwachitsanzo, muyeso wa micrometer yakunja ndi 0-25mm, 25-50mm, ndi zina zotero, pamene muyeso wa makina ofananitsa ndi 0-180mm.
Mphamvu yoyezera
Mphamvu yoyezera imatanthawuza kukakamiza kwa kulumikizana pakati pa chida choyezera ndi malo oyezera poyezera kukhudzana. Mphamvu yoyezera mochulukira imatha kupangitsa kusintha kwa zotanuka, pomwe mphamvu yoyezera yosakwanira imatha kukhudza kukhazikika kwa kukhudzana.
Chizindikiro cholakwika
Cholakwika chowonetsera ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuwerenga kwa chida choyezera ndi mtengo weniweni womwe ukuyesedwa. Imawonetsa zolakwika zosiyanasiyana mu chida choyezera chokha. Cholakwika chowonetsera chimasiyanasiyana pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito mkati mwachilolezo cha chida. Nthawi zambiri, milingo yoyezera kapena miyezo ina yolondola yolondola ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira cholakwika cha zida zoyezera.
3, Kusankha zida zoyezera
Musanayambe kuyeza chilichonse, ndikofunikira kusankha chida choyenera choyezera potengera mawonekedwe a gawo lomwe likuyesedwa, monga kutalika, m'lifupi, kutalika, kuya, m'mimba mwake, ndi kusiyana kwa gawo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma caliper, zoyezera kutalika, ma micrometer, ndi kuya kwa miyeso yosiyanasiyana. Micrometer kapena caliper ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kukula kwa shaft. Ma plug geji, ma block gauges, ndi ma feeler gauges ndi oyenera kuyeza mabowo ndi ma grooves. Gwiritsani ntchito sikweya rula kuti muyeze ngodya zolondola za magawo, R geji yoyezera kuchuluka kwa R, ndipo lingalirani gawo lachitatu ndi miyezo ya aniline pakufunika kulondola kwambiri kapena kulolera pang'ono kokwanira kapena powerengera kulekerera kwa geometric. Pomaliza, choyesa cholimba chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kuuma kwachitsulo.
1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Calipers
Calipers ndi zida zosunthika zomwe zimatha kuyeza mkati ndi kunja kwake, kutalika, m'lifupi, makulidwe, kusiyana kwa masitepe, kutalika, ndi kuya kwa zinthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira zinthu chifukwa chazovuta komanso zolondola. Ma calipers a digito, okhala ndi chigamulo cha 0.01mm, amapangidwa kuti athe kuyeza miyeso ndi zololera zazing'ono, zomwe zimapereka kulondola kwambiri.
Khadi la tebulo: Kusamvana kwa 0.02mm, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera kukula kwanthawi zonse.
Vernier caliper: kusamvana kwa 0.02mm, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera makina ovuta.
Musanagwiritse ntchito caliper, pepala loyera loyera liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera kunja kwa caliper kuti mugwire pepala loyera ndikutulutsa mwachibadwa, kubwereza nthawi 2-3.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito caliper poyeza, onetsetsani kuti malo oyezera a caliper ndi ofanana kapena perpendicular pamwamba pa kuyeza kwa chinthu chomwe chikuyesedwa momwe mungathere.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuyeza kozama, ngati chinthu chomwe chikuyezedwacho chili ndi ngodya ya R, ndikofunikira kupewa ngodya ya R koma khalani pafupi nayo. Kuzama kwake kuyenera kusungidwa perpendicular kutalika kwake komwe kuyezedwa momwe kungathekere.
Poyezera silinda ndi caliper, tembenuzani ndikuyesa m'magawo kuti mupeze phindu lalikulu.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma caliper omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ntchito yokonza iyenera kuchitidwa momwe angathere. Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ziyenera kupukuta ndi kuikidwa m'bokosi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, chipika choyezera chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwone kulondola kwa caliper.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito Micrometer
Musanagwiritse ntchito micrometer, yeretsani malo okhudzana ndi wononga ndi pepala loyera loyera. Gwiritsani ntchito micrometer kuyeza malo olumikizana ndi wononga pomanga pepala loyera ndikulikoka mwachilengedwe maulendo 2-3. Kenako, potozani chotupacho kuti muwonetsetse kulumikizana mwachangu pakati pa malo. Pamene alumikizana mokwanira, sinthani bwino. Mbali zonse ziwiri zitalumikizana kwathunthu, sinthani zero ndikupitilira muyeso. Mukayesa ma hardware ndi micrometer, sinthani buno ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwabwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti chogwiriracho chikukhudzidwa mwachangu. Mukamva mawu akudina katatu, imani ndikuwerenga zomwe zili pazithunzi kapena sikelo. Pazinthu zapulasitiki, gwirani pang'onopang'ono pamalo olumikizirana ndikupukuta ndi chinthucho. Mukayeza kukula kwa shaft ndi micrometer, yesani mbali ziwiri ndikulemba kuchuluka kwake m'zigawo. Onetsetsani kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za micrometer ndi zoyera nthawi zonse kuti muchepetse zolakwika.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito wolamulira wamtali
Kuyeza kutalika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kutalika, kuya, kusalala, perpendicularity, concentricity, coaxiality, roughness pamwamba, gear dzino runout, ndi kuya. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito choyezera kutalika, choyamba ndikuwunika ngati mutu woyezera ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olumikizira ndi otayirira.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito geji zomveka
Gauge yomveka ndiyoyenera kuyeza kusalala, kupindika, ndi kuwongoka
Muyezo wa flatness:
Ikani mbalizo pa pulatifomu ndikuyesa kusiyana pakati pa zigawo ndi nsanja ndi geji yoyezera (zindikirani: choyezera chomverera chiyenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu papulatifomu popanda mpata uliwonse pakuyeza)
Muyeso wowongoka:
Tembenuzani gawolo papulatifomu kamodzi ndi kuyeza kusiyana pakati pa gawo ndi nsanja ndi geji yomveka.
Muyeso wopindika:
Ikani magawowo papulatifomu ndikusankha choyezera chofananira kuti muyese kusiyana pakati pa mbali ziwiri kapena pakati pa magawo ndi nsanja.
Muyezo woyima:
Ikani mbali imodzi ya ngodya yakumanja ya zero yoyezedwa pa nsanja, ndipo ikani mbali inayo molimba molimbana ndi chowongolera cholondola. Gwiritsani ntchito choyezera kuti muyese kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chigawocho ndi chowongolera chowongolera.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito pulagi gauge (singano):
Oyenera kuyeza m'mimba mwake, m'lifupi mwa poyambira, ndi kuchotsa mabowo.
Pamene kukula kwa dzenje mu gawolo kuli kwakukulu ndipo palibe choyezera singano choyenera chomwe chilipo, ma geji awiri a pulagi angagwiritsidwe ntchito palimodzi kuti ayezedwe munjira ya 360-degree. Kuti ma geji a pulagi asungidwe m'malo mwake ndikupangitsa kuyeza kosavuta, amatha kutetezedwa pa block ya maginito ya V.
Kuyeza kabowo
Muyezo wa dzenje lamkati: Poyeza pobowo, kulowa kumaonedwa kuti n’koyenera, monga momwe chithunzi chotsatirachi chikusonyezera.
Chidziwitso: Poyezera ndi pulagi yoyezera, iyenera kuyikidwa molunjika osati mwa diagonally.
6. Chida choyezera molondola: anime
Anime ndi chida choyezera chosalumikizana chomwe chimapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kulondola. Chidziwitso cha chipangizo choyezera sichimakhudza mwachindunji pamwamba pa choyezerachoziwalo zachipatala, kotero palibe mphamvu yamakina yomwe imagwira ntchito poyeza.
Anime imatumiza chithunzi chojambulidwa ku kirediti kadi yopezera deta yapakompyuta kudzera mumzere wa data, kenako pulogalamuyo imawonetsa zithunzizo pakompyuta. Itha kuyeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana za geometric (mfundo, mizere, mabwalo, ma arcs, ellipses, rectangles), mtunda, ngodya, malo ampiringidzo, ndi kulolerana kwapamalo (kuzungulira, kuwongoka, kufanana, perpendicularity, kupendekera, kulondola kwamalo, kukhazikika, symmetry) , ndipo imathanso kupanga zojambula za 2D ndi kutulutsa kwa CAD. Chidachi sichimangolola kuti mizere ya chogwiriracho chiziwoneka koma imathanso kuyeza mawonekedwe a pamwamba a opaque workpieces.
Muyezo wamba wa zinthu za geometric: Bwalo la mkati mwa gawo lomwe lasonyezedwa pachithunzichi ndi ngodya yakuthwa ndipo lingayesedwe pongoyerekeza.
Kuyang'ana kwa ma electrode machining surface: mandala anime ali ndi ntchito yokulirapo kuti ayang'ane kuuma pambuyo pakupanga ma electrode (kuzani chithunzicho ndi nthawi 100).
Muyezo wawung'ono wozama wakuya
Kuzindikira zipata:Panthawi yokonza nkhungu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zipata zina zobisika mu slot, ndipo zida zosiyanasiyana zodziwira siziloledwa kuziyeza. Kuti tipeze kukula kwa chipata, tingagwiritse ntchito matope a rabara kuti titseke pachipata cha rabara. Kenaka, mawonekedwe a chipata cha rabara adzasindikizidwa pa dongo. Pambuyo pake, kukula kwa sitampu yadongo kungayesedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya caliper.
Chidziwitso: Popeza palibe mphamvu yamakina pakuyezera kwa anime, kuyeza kwa anime kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe kungathekere pazinthu zowonda komanso zofewa.
7. Zida zoyezera molondola: zitatu-dimensional
Makhalidwe a muyeso wa 3D amaphatikizapo kulondola kwambiri (mpaka mulingo wa µm) ndi chilengedwe chonse. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza zinthu zama geometric monga masilindala ndi ma cones, kulolerana kwa geometric monga cylindricity, flatness, line profile, surface profile, coaxial, and complex surfaces. Malingana ngati kafukufuku wa mbali zitatu akhoza kufika pamalopo, amatha kuyeza miyeso ya geometric, malo ogwirizana, ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Komanso, makompyuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza deta. Ndi kulondola kwake kwakukulu, kusinthasintha, ndi luso la digito, kuyeza kwa 3D kwakhala chida chofunikira pakukonza nkhungu zamakono, kupanga, ndi kutsimikizira khalidwe.
Zoumba zina zikusinthidwa ndipo pakadali pano zilibe zojambula za 3D zomwe zilipo. Zikatero, miyeso yolumikizana ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika pamtunda amatha kuyeza. Miyezo iyi imatha kutumizidwa kunja pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yojambulira kuti ipange zithunzi za 3D potengera zomwe zayezedwa. Izi zimathandiza kukonza mwachangu komanso molondola komanso kusinthidwa. Mukakhazikitsa ma coordinates, mfundo iliyonse ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza ma coordinates.
Pogwira ntchito ndi zida zokonzedwa, zimakhala zovuta kutsimikizira kuti zimagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake kapena kuzindikira kukwanira kwachilendo pakusokonekera, makamaka polimbana ndi ma contours apamwamba. Zikatero, sizingatheke kuyeza zinthu za geometric mwachindunji. Komabe, mtundu wa 3D ukhoza kutumizidwa kunja kuti ufananize miyeso ndi magawowo, kuthandiza kuzindikira zolakwika zamakina. Miyezo yoyezedwa imayimira kupatuka pakati pa mfundo zenizeni ndi zongoyerekeza, ndipo zitha kuwongoleredwa ndikuwongoleredwa mosavuta. (Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa zopotoka pakati pa milingo yoyezera ndi yongoyerekeza).
8. Kugwiritsa ntchito hardness tester
Oyesa kuuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Rockwell hardness tester (desktop) ndi Leeb hardness tester (yonyamula). Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Rockwell HRC, Brinell HB, ndi Vickers HV.
Rockwell hardness tester HR (woyesa kuuma pakompyuta)
Njira yoyesera ya Rockwell kuuma imagwiritsa ntchito koni ya diamondi yokhala ndi ngodya yapamwamba ya madigiri 120 kapena mpira wachitsulo wokhala ndi mainchesi 1.59 / 3.18mm. Izi zimakanikizidwa pamwamba pa zinthu zoyesedwa pansi pa katundu wina, ndipo kuuma kwa zinthu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuya kwa indentation. Kuuma kosiyana kwa zinthuzo kumatha kugawidwa m'mamba atatu: HRA, HRB, ndi HRC.
HRA imayesa kuuma pogwiritsa ntchito katundu wa 60kg ndi cholozera cha diamondi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolimba kwambiri, monga aloyi yolimba.
HRB imayesa kuuma pogwiritsa ntchito katundu wa 100kg ndi mpira wachitsulo wozimitsidwa wa 1.58mm, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolimba kwambiri, monga chitsulo chosakanizika, chitsulo chosungunuka, ndi mkuwa wa aloyi.
HRC imayesa kuuma pogwiritsa ntchito katundu wolemera 150kg ndi cholozera cha diamondi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolimba kwambiri, monga chitsulo chozimitsidwa, chitsulo chosungunula, chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chosasunthika, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Vickers kuuma HV (makamaka poyezera kuuma kwa pamwamba)
Kuti muwunike mozama kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito diamondi square cone indenter yokhala ndi katundu wopitilira 120 kg ndi ngodya yapamwamba ya 136 ° kuti mutsike pamwamba pa zinthuzo ndikuyesa kutalika kwa diagonal ya indentation. Njirayi ndiyoyenera kuyesa kuuma kwa zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito ndi zigawo zakuya pamwamba.
Leeb hardness HL (choyesa cholimba)
Leeb hardness ndi njira yoyesera kuuma. Mtengo wa kuuma kwa Leeb umawerengedwa ngati chiŵerengero cha liwiro la kubwezeredwa kwa thupi la hardness sensor mpaka kuthamanga kwamphamvu pamtunda wa 1mm kuchokera pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito panthawi yamphamvu.cnc kupanga ndondomeko, kuchulukitsa ndi 1000.
Ubwino:The Leeb hardness tester, yotengera mfundo ya Leeb hardness, yasintha njira zoyesera zachikhalidwe. Kakulidwe kakang'ono ka sensa ya hardness, yofanana ndi cholembera, imalola kuyesa kulimba kwa m'manja pazida zogwirira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana pamalo opangira, kuthekera komwe oyesa kuuma kwa desktop amavutikira kuti agwirizane.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, chonde omasuka kulumikizananiinfo@anebon.com
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-23-2024