Aluminium product processing technology

Aluminiyamu ndizitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo zopanda chitsulo, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akukulirakulirabe. Pali mitundu yopitilira 700,000 ya zinthu zotayidwa zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za aluminiyamu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali mitundu yopitilira 700,000 ya zinthu za aluminiyamu, ndipo mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zomangamanga ndi zokongoletsa, zamayendedwe, zamlengalenga, ndi zina zambiri zimakhala ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Lero, Xiaobian akudziwitsani zaukadaulo wokonza zinthu za aluminiyamu ndi momwe mungapewere kusinthika.cnc Machining gawo

Ubwino ndi mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu ndi awa:
1. Kutsika kochepa. Kuchuluka kwa aluminiyumu ndi pafupifupi 2.7 g/cm3. Kuchulukana kwake ndi 1/3 yokha yachitsulo kapena mkuwa.
2. Mapulasitiki apamwamba. Aluminiyamu imakhala ndi ductility yabwino ndipo imatha kupangidwa kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira mphamvu monga extrusion ndi kutambasula.
3. Kukana dzimbiri. Aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo choyipitsidwa bwino kwambiri, ndipo filimu yoteteza oxide idzapangidwa pamtunda pansi pa chilengedwe kapena anodizing, ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri bwino kuposa chitsulo.
4, yosavuta kulimbitsa. Aluminiyamu yoyera si yamphamvu kwambiri, koma imatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi anodizing.
5. Easy pamwamba mankhwala. Chithandizo chapamwamba chimatha kupititsa patsogolo kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu. Njira yopangira aluminium anodizing ndi yokhwima komanso yokhazikika pakugwira ntchito, ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zinthu zotayidwa.
6. Good conductivity ndi zosavuta zobwezeretsanso.
Ukadaulo wokonza zinthu za aluminiyamu
Kukomedwa kwa zinthu za aluminiyamu
1. Kuzizira kozizira
Gwiritsani ntchito ma pellets a aluminiyamu. The makina extrusion ndi kufa ntchito akamaumba kamodzi, amene ali oyenera mankhwala cylindrical kapena akalumikidzidwa mankhwala zovuta kukwaniritsa ndi njira kutambasula, monga chowulungika, lalikulu, ndi mankhwala amakona anayi.
Matani a makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwirizana ndi gawo lazogulitsa. Kusiyana pakati pa nkhonya yakumtunda ndi chitsulo chotsika cha tungsten ndi makulidwe a khoma la chinthucho. Pamene nkhonya yapamwamba yakufa ndi chitsulo chapansi cha tungsten chakufa chikanikizidwa palimodzi, kusiyana koyang'ana pansi pakatikati pakufa ndi Kwa makulidwe apamwamba a mankhwala.gawo la aluminiyamu

Ubwino: Kutsegula kwa nkhungu kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mtengo wa chitukuko ndi wotsika kuposa wa nkhungu yojambula.
Zoipa: Ntchito yopanga ndi yayitali, kukula kwake kumasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa ntchito ndi wokwera.
2. Kutambasula
Gwiritsani ntchito khungu la aluminiyamu. Ndizoyenera kuti matupi omwe si a cylindrical (zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu okhala ndi zinthu zopindika) zisokonezeke nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makina opitilira kufa ndi nkhungu kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za mawonekedwe.
Ubwino: zinthu zovuta kwambiri komanso zingapo zopindika zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika popanga, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalala.
Zoipa: mtengo wapamwamba wa nkhungu, kuzungulira kwachitukuko kwautali, ndi zofunika kwambiri pakusankha makina ndi kulondola.
Chithandizo chapamwamba cha zinthu za aluminiyamu
1. Kuwombera mchenga (kuwomberedwa)
Njira yoyeretsera ndi roughening zitsulo pamalo ntchito mphamvu ya mkulu-liwiro mchenga otaya.
The pamwamba mankhwala a aluminiyamu mbali mu njira imeneyi angapeze mlingo winawake wa ukhondo ndi roughness osiyana pamwamba pa workpiece, kotero kuti makina katundu pamwamba pa workpiece ndi bwino, motero kuwongolera kutopa kukana workpiece ndi kuwonjezeka. kusiyana pakati pa izo ndi zokutira. Kumamatira kwa chophimba kumatalikitsa kukhazikika kwa filimu yophimba, komanso kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera ndi kukongoletsa kwa zokutira. Izi nthawi zambiri timaziwona muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za Apple.
2. Kupukutira
Kugwiritsa ntchito makina, mankhwala kapena electrochemical zochita kuti kuchepetsa roughness pamwamba pa workpiece kupeza kuwala, lathyathyathya pamwamba processing njira. The kupukuta ndondomeko makamaka anawagawa: makina kupukuta, mankhwala kupukuta, electrolytic kupukuta. Pambuyo pakupukuta kwamakina + kupukuta kwa electrolytic, mbali za aluminiyamu zimatha kukhala pafupi ndi galasi lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Njirayi imapatsa anthu chidziwitso cha kuphweka kwapamwamba komanso tsogolo labwino.
3. Kujambula
Kujambula kwawaya wazitsulo ndi njira yopangira kukanda mobwerezabwereza pepala la aluminiyamu kuchokera pamizere ndi sandpaper. Kujambula kungagawidwe molunjika, kujambula mwachisawawa, zojambula zozungulira, zojambula za ulusi. Njira yojambulira waya wachitsulo imatha kuwonetsa bwino kachidindo kakang'ono kalikonse ka silika, kotero kuti tsitsi labwino lonyezimira liwonekere muzitsulo zachitsulo, ndipo mankhwalawa ali ndi malingaliro a mafashoni ndi zamakono.
4. Kudula kwambiri kwa gloss
Pogwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira, mpeni wa diamondi umalimbikitsidwa pamtengo waukulu wa makina ojambulira othamanga kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 20,000 rpm) kuti adule mbalizo, ndipo malo owonetserako amapangidwa pamwamba pa mankhwala. Kuwala kwa mfundo zodula kumakhudzidwa ndi liwiro la mphero. Liwiro la kubowola limakhala lowala kwambiri, momwemonso zimakhalira mdima komanso zosavuta kupanga mizere yodulira. Kudula kwambiri komanso kutsika kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pama foni am'manja, monga iphone5. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mafelemu ena apamwamba kwambiri a TV atengera njira yopangira mphero. Kuphatikiza apo, anodizing ndi njira zojambulira waya zimapangitsa TV kukhala yodzaza ndi mafashoni ndiukadaulo.
5. Anodizing
Anodic makutidwe ndi okosijeni amatanthauza electrochemical makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zitsulo kapena aloyi. Pansi pa electrolyte yofananira ndi zochitika zinazake, aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi ake amapanga filimu ya okusayidi pazitsulo za aluminiyamu (anode) chifukwa cha ntchito yapano. Anodizing sikungothetsa zolakwika za aluminiyumu kuuma pamwamba ndi kukana kuvala, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa aluminiyumu ndikuwonjezera kukongola. Yakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pazamankhwala a aluminiyamu ndipo pakali pano ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yopambana kwambiri. ntchito.
6. Anode yamitundu iwiri
Awiri mitundu anodizing amatanthauza anodizing pa chinthu chimodzi ndi kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumadera enieni. Ndondomeko ya anodizing yamitundu iwiri siigwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri mu makampani a TV, chifukwa ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera; koma kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi kungawonetsere bwino mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso apadera a mankhwala.

Njira zoyezera ndi luso lantchito kuti muchepetse kusinthika kwa aluminiyumu processing
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira mbali za aluminiyamu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zinthu, mawonekedwe a gawolo, komanso kupanga zinthu. Pali makamaka mbali izi: mapindikidwe chifukwa cha kupsyinjika kwamkati kwa chopanda kanthu, kupunduka chifukwa cha kudula mphamvu ndi kudula kutentha, ndi mapindikidwe chifukwa clamping mphamvu.
Njira zoyeserera zochepetsera ma deformation
1. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati kwa chikhalidwe cha tsitsi
Kukalamba kwachilengedwe kapena kochita kupanga ndi chithandizo cha kugwedezeka kungathe kuthetsa pang'ono kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kulibe kanthu. Pre-processing ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri. Kwa opanda kanthu ndi mutu wamafuta ndi makutu akulu, chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu, kupindika pambuyo pokonza kumakhalanso kwakukulu. Ngati owonjezera gawo akusowekapo chisanadze kukonzedwa ndi chilolezo cha gawo lililonse yafupika, izo sizingakhoze kuchepetsa processing mapindikidwe a ndondomeko wotsatira, komanso kumasula mbali ya kupsyinjika mkati pambuyo chisanadze processing kwa nthawi ya. nthawi.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo luso lodula la chida
Zakuthupi ndi mawonekedwe a geometric a chidacho zimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yodulira ndi kudula kutentha. Kusankhidwa kolondola kwa chida ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse makina osinthika a gawolo.
1) Kusankha koyenera kwa zida za geometric.
①Nthawi ya Rake: Pamalo osungira mphamvu ya tsamba, ngodya yopangirayo imasankhidwa moyenerera kuti ikhale yokulirapo, mbali imodzi, imatha kupukusa m'mphepete, ndipo kumbali ina, imatha kuchepetsa kudulira, kupanga. kuchotsa chip kusalala, ndiyeno kuchepetsa mphamvu yodulira ndi kudula kutentha. Osagwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi angle yolakwika.
②Ngodya yothandizira: Kukula kwa mbali ya chithandizo kumakhudza mwachindunji kuvala kwa mbali ndi mtundu wa makina opangidwa. Kudula makulidwe ndi chinthu chofunikira posankha ngodya ya chilolezo. Pa mphero yaukali, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya, katundu wodula kwambiri, ndi m'badwo waukulu wa kutentha, chidacho chimafuna kutentha kwabwino. Choncho, mbali ya chilolezo iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ikhale yaying'ono. Pamene mphero yabwino, m'mphepete mwake mumayenera kukhala wakuthwa, kukangana pakati pa nkhope ya m'mbali ndi malo opangidwa ndi makina kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kusinthika kwa zotanuka kumachepetsedwa. Choncho, mbali ya chilolezo iyenera kukhala yaikulu.
③ Helix angle: Kuti mphero ikhale yosalala komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mphero, ngodya ya helix iyenera kukhala yayikulu momwe mungathere.
④Main declination angle: Kuchepetsa bwino mbali yayikulu yochepetsera kumatha kusintha kutentha ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa malo opangirako.
2) Sinthani mawonekedwe a zida.
①Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mano a mphero ndikuwonjezera malo a chip. Chifukwa cha pulasitiki yaikulu ya aluminiyumu ndi kudulidwa kwakukulu kodula panthawi yokonza, malo akuluakulu a chip amafunika, kotero kuti pansi pa chip groove chiyenera kukhala chachikulu ndipo chiwerengero cha mano odula mphero chiyenera kukhala chaching'ono.
② Kukukuta bwino mano. Mtengo wa roughness wa m'mphepete mwa mano ocheka uyenera kukhala wocheperapo Ra = 0.4um. Musanagwiritse ntchito mpeni watsopano, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wonyezimira bwino wamafuta kuti muwongole kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mano a mpeni kangapo kuti muchotse ma burrs ndi ma serrations ang'onoang'ono omwe amatsalira pakunola mano. Mwa njira iyi, kutentha sikungathe kuchepetsedwa, komanso kudulidwa kwa kudula kumakhala kochepa.
③ Yang'anirani mwamphamvu kavalidwe ka chida. Chidacho chitavala, kuchuluka kwa roughness kwa workpiece kumawonjezeka, kutentha kwa kudula kumakwera, ndipo kusinthika kwa workpiece kumawonjezeka. Choncho, kuwonjezera pa kusankha zipangizo zida ndi kukana zabwino kuvala, chida kuvala muyezo sayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 0.2mm, apo ayi n'zosavuta kutulutsa anamanga m'mphepete. Podula, kutentha kwa workpiece sayenera kupitirira 100 ℃ kuteteza mapindikidwe.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo njira ya clamping ya workpiece
Pazitsulo zopyapyala zokhala ndi mipanda ya aluminiyamu yosakhazikika bwino, njira zotsatirazi zokhomerera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa mapindikidwe:
① Pazigawo zopyapyala zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, ngati chuck ya nsagwada zitatu yodziyimira yokha kapena chuck ya masika igwiritsidwa ntchito poboola ma radial, ikangotulutsidwa ikakonzedwa, chogwiriracho chimapunthwa. Panthawiyi, njira yosindikizira nkhope ya axial ndi yolimba bwino iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikani dzenje lamkati la gawolo, pangani ulusi wa mandrel, mulowetse mu dzenje lamkati la gawolo, pezani nkhope yomaliza ndi mbale yophimba, ndiyeno muyimitse ndi nati. Mukamapanga bwalo lakunja, kupotoza kwa clamping kumatha kupewedwa, kuti mupeze kulondola kokwanira kwa makina.
② Mukakonza zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala komanso yopyapyala, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makapu akuyamwa vacuum kuti mupeze mphamvu yogawira yogawanika, kenako ndikudula pang'ono, yomwe ingalepheretse kupunduka kwa workpiece.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolongedza ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Pofuna kuonjezera ndondomeko kukhazikika kwa workpieces woonda-mipanda, sing'anga akhoza kudzazidwa mkati workpiece kuchepetsa mapindikidwe workpiece pa clamping ndi kudula. Mwachitsanzo, urea kusungunuka wokhala ndi 3% mpaka 6% potaziyamu nitrate amatsanuliridwa mu workpiece. Pambuyo pokonza, workpiece imatha kumizidwa m'madzi kapena mowa, ndipo chodzazacho chikhoza kusungunuka ndikutsanulidwa.
4. Kukonzekera koyenera kwa njira
Pa kudula-liwiro, chifukwa chachikulu Machining chilolezo ndi kudula anasokonekera, ndondomeko mphero zambiri amapanga kugwedera, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola Machining ndi pamwamba roughness. Choncho, CNC mkulu-liwiro kudula ndondomeko akhoza zambiri kugawidwa mu: roughing-semi-kumaliza-ngodya kuyeretsa-kumaliza ndi njira zina. Kwa magawo omwe ali ndi zofunikira zolondola kwambiri, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuchita kumaliza kwachiwiri ndikumaliza. Pambuyo pokonza movutikira, zigawozo zimatha kukhazikika mwachilengedwe, ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha makina olimba komanso kuchepetsa kusinthika. Chilolezo chomwe chimasiyidwa pambuyo pokonza movutikira chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa mapindikidwe, nthawi zambiri 1 mpaka 2 mm. Pamapeto, kutsirizitsa pamwamba pa mbali ayenera kukhala yunifolomu Machining allowance, ambiri 0.2 ~ 0.5mm, kuti chida ndi mu boma khola pa ndondomeko Machining, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa kudula mapindikidwe, kupeza wabwino pamwamba Machining khalidwe, ndi onetsetsani kuti Zogulitsa zili zolondola.
Maluso ogwirira ntchito kuchepetsa kupotoza kwa makina
Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, zigawo za aluminiyamu zimapunduka panthawi yokonza. Mu ntchito yeniyeni, njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyofunikanso kwambiri.
1. Kwa magawo omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu la makina, kuti akhale ndi kutentha kwabwinoko pakupanga makina ndikupewa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, ma symmetrical Machining amayenera kutengedwa panthawi yopangira. Ngati pepala lakuda la 90mm liyenera kukonzedwa mpaka 60mm, ngati mbali imodzi ikuphwanyidwa ndipo mbali inayo ikuphwanyidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kukula komaliza kumakonzedwa nthawi imodzi, flatness idzafika 5mm; ngati imakonzedwa mofananira ndi kudyetsa mobwerezabwereza, mbali iliyonse imakonzedwa kawiri mpaka Kukula komaliza kumatha kutsimikizira kusalala kwa 0.3mm.kupondaponda gawo
2. Ngati pali mikwingwirima yambiri pazigawo za mbale, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatizana ya khola limodzi ndi khola limodzi panthawi yokonza, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ziwalozo zikhale zopunduka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kosagwirizana. Mipikisano wosanjikiza processing amatengedwa, ndipo wosanjikiza aliyense kukonzedwa ku cavities onse pa nthawi yomweyo, ndiyeno wosanjikiza wotsatira kukonzedwa kuti zigawo wogawana anatsindika ndi kuchepetsa mapindikidwe.
3. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yodula ndi kudula kutentha mwa kusintha kuchuluka kwa kudula. Pakati pa zinthu zitatu za kudula kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwa kubwezeredwa kumbuyo kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yodula. Ngati malipiro a makinawa ndi aakulu kwambiri, mphamvu yodulira ya chiphaso chimodzi ndi yaikulu kwambiri, yomwe siidzangowononga mbalizo, komanso imakhudza kulimba kwa makina opangira makina opota ndikuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa chida. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mipeni yomwe imayenera kudyedwa kumbuyo kwacheperachepera, kupanga bwino kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, mphero yothamanga kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu CNC Machining, yomwe imatha kuthana ndi vutoli. Ngakhale kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudula mmbuyo, bola ngati chakudya chikuwonjezeka moyenerera ndipo liwiro la chida cha makina likuwonjezeka, mphamvu yodulira imatha kuchepetsedwa ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito bwino kungathe kutsimikiziridwa panthawi yomweyo.
4. Dongosolo la kusuntha kwa mpeni liyenera kuperekedwanso chidwi. Kupanga makina movutikira kumagogomezera kuwongolera bwino kwa makina ndikutsata kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa pa nthawi ya unit. Nthawi zambiri, mphero yodulidwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiko kuti, zinthu zowonjezera zomwe zili pamwamba pa chopanda kanthu zimachotsedwa pa liwiro lachangu komanso nthawi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe a geometric omwe amafunikira kuti amalize amapangidwa. Ngakhale kutsirizitsa kumatsindika kulondola kwambiri komanso khalidwe lapamwamba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphero. Chifukwa makulidwe odula a mano odula pang'onopang'ono amachepa kuchokera pamlingo wokulirapo mpaka ziro panthawi yopera, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yolimba kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa gawolo kumachepetsedwanso.
5. Zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala ndizopunduka chifukwa cha kutsekereza panthawi yokonza, ndipo ngakhale kumaliza sikungalephereke. Pofuna kuchepetsa mapindikidwe a workpiece kukhala osachepera, mukhoza kumasula kukanikiza chidutswa musanatsirize kukula komaliza, kuti workpiece akhoza momasuka kubwerera ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira, ndiyeno kusindikiza pang'ono, malinga ngati workpiece akhoza kukhala. kutsekedwa (konse). Malinga ndi dzanja kumverera), yabwino processing zotsatira angapezeke motere. M'mawu amodzi, malo ogwirira ntchito a mphamvu yokhotakhota ndi yabwino pamtunda wothandizira, ndipo mphamvu yokhotakhota iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata kulimba kwabwino kwa workpiece. Pamaziko a kuonetsetsa kuti workpiece si lotayirira, ang'onoang'ono clamping mphamvu, ndi bwino.
6. Pamene mukukonza mbali zokhala ndi kabowo, yesetsani kuti wodula mphero asalowe mwachindunji mu gawolo ngati kubowola pobowola pobowola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo osakwanira odula mphero agwirizane ndi tchipisi ndi kuchotsa bwino tchipisi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri, kukulitsa. ndi kugwa kwa ziwalozo. Mipeni, mipeni yosweka ndi zochitika zina zosasangalatsa. Choyamba kubowola dzenjelo lofanana ndi mpheroyo kapena kukula kumodzi kukulirapo, ndiyeno mpheroyo ndi chodula mphero. Kapenanso, mapulogalamu a CAM angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu a helical rundown.