Kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira luso la makina a CNC, opanga ayenera kupanga molingana ndi malamulo opangira. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zovuta chifukwa miyezo yamakampani kulibe. M'nkhaniyi, tapanga chitsogozo chokwanira cha njira zabwino zopangira makina a CNC. Tayang'ana pa kufotokoza kuthekera kwa machitidwe amakono a CNC ndipo sitinamvere ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana nazo. Kuti mupeze chiwongolero chopanga zida zotsika mtengo za CNC, onani nkhaniyi.
CNC Machining
CNC Machining ndi subtractive kupanga njira. Mu CNC, zida zosiyanasiyana zodulira zomwe zimazungulira mothamanga kwambiri (ma RPM zikwizikwi) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu kuchokera pachimake cholimba kuti apange gawo lotengera mtundu wa CAD. Zitsulo ndi mapulasitiki amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito CNC.
Makina a CNC amapereka kulondola kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kulolerana kolimba koyenera pakupanga kwakukulu komanso ntchito imodzi. M'malo mwake, ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira ma prototypes achitsulo, ngakhale poyerekeza ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D.
CNC Main Design Zolephera
CNC imapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwapangidwe, koma pali zoletsa zina. Zolepheretsa izi zimagwirizana ndi makina oyambira odulira, makamaka pazida za geometry ndi kupeza zida.
1. Mawonekedwe a Chida
Zida zodziwika bwino za CNC, monga mphero ndi zobowola, ndi zozungulira ndipo zimakhala ndi utali wochepa wodula. Pamene zakuthupi zimachotsedwa ku workpiece, mawonekedwe a chidacho amabwerezedwa pa gawo la makina.
Mwachitsanzo, izi zikutanthauza kuti ngodya zamkati za gawo la CNC nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi radius, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Kuyitana kwa Zida
Pochotsa zinthu, chidacho chimayandikira workpiece mwachindunji kuchokera pamwamba. Izi sizingachitike ndi makina a CNC, kupatula ma undercuts, omwe tikambirana pambuyo pake.
Ndi njira yabwino yopangira kugwirizanitsa mbali zonse zachitsanzo, monga mabowo, mabowo, ndi makoma oyimirira, ndi imodzi mwa njira zisanu ndi imodzi. Ili ndi lingaliro kuposa choletsa, makamaka popeza makina a 5-axis CNC amapereka luso lapamwamba logwira ntchito.
Tooling ndi nkhawa pamene machining mbali ndi mbali ndi lalikulu mbali chiŵerengero. Mwachitsanzo, kukafika pansi pa dzenje lakuya kumafuna chida chapadera chokhala ndi tsinde lalitali, chomwe chingachepetse kuuma kwa malekezero, kuonjezera kunjenjemera, ndi kuchepetsa kulondola kothekera.
Malamulo Opangira Njira ya CNC
Popanga magawo a makina a CNC, chimodzi mwazovuta ndikusowa kwa miyezo yeniyeni yamakampani. Izi zili choncho chifukwa makina a CNC ndi opanga zida akuwonjezera luso lawo laukadaulo mosalekeza, motero amakulitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingatheke. Pansipa, tapereka tebulo mwachidule zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa komanso zotheka pazinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'magawo a makina a CNC.
1. Mthumba ndi Zopuma
Kumbukirani mawu otsatirawa: "Kuzama Kwamthumba Kovomerezeka: 4 Times Pocket Width. Mphero zomaliza zimakhala ndi utali wochepa wodula, nthawi zambiri 3-4 kuwirikiza kwake. Pamene chiŵerengero chakuya ndi m'lifupi chili chochepa, nkhani monga kupatuka kwa zida, kuchotsa chip, ndi kugwedezeka kumawonekera kwambiri. Kuti mutsimikizire zotsatira zabwino, chepetsani kuya kwa bowo kuŵirikiza kanayi m’lifupi mwake.”
Ngati mukufuna kuya kwambiri, mungafune kuganiza zopanga gawo lokhala ndi kuya kosiyanasiyana (onani chithunzi pamwambapa mwachitsanzo). Zikafika pa mphero yakuya, chibowo chimayikidwa ngati chakuya ngati kuya kwake kuli kopitilira kasanu ndi kasanu ndi kaphatikizidwe ka chida chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zapadera zimalola kuzama kwakukulu kwa masentimita 30 ndi 1-inch mainchesi kumapeto kwa mphero, zomwe zimafanana ndi chida m'mimba mwake mpaka chiŵerengero chakuya cha 30: 1.
2. M'mphepete mwamkati
Utali wa ngodya yoyima: ⅓ x kuya kwa nthiti (kapena kukulirapo) kovomerezeka
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe zaperekedwa mkati mwa ngodya posankha chida choyenera cha kukula kwake ndikutsatira malangizo akuya kwa mtsempha. Kuonjezera pang'ono utali wa ngodya pamwamba pa mtengo wovomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, ndi 1 mm) kumathandiza chida chodulira njira yozungulira m'malo mwa ngodya ya 90 °, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale bwino. Ngati ngodya yakuthwa ya 90° ikufunika, ganizirani kuwonjezera choboola chooneka ngati T m'malo mochepetsa utali wa ngodya. Kwa utali wapansi, mfundo zovomerezeka ndi 0.5 mm, 1 mm, kapena opanda utali; komabe, radius iliyonse ndiyovomerezeka. Mphero yapansi ya mphero yomaliza ndi yosalala kapena yozungulira pang'ono. Ma radii ena apansi amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomaliza mpira. Kutsatira zomwe akulimbikitsidwa ndikuchita bwino chifukwa ndiye chisankho chomwe amachikonda amakina.
3. Khoma Lalifupi
Malingaliro ocheperako makulidwe a khoma: 0,8 mm (zitsulo), 1.5 mm (pulasitiki); 0.5 mm (zitsulo), 1.0 mm (pulasitiki) ndizovomerezeka
Kuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma kumachepetsa kuuma kwa zinthu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kugwedezeka kochulukira panthawi ya makina ndikuchepetsa kulondola komwe kungatheke. Mapulasitiki amakhala ndi chizolowezi chopindika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kotsalira ndikufewa chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe ochepera a khoma.
4. Dzenje
Kubowola kwa Diameter Standard kumalimbikitsidwa. M'mimba mwake iliyonse yoposa 1 mm ndi yotheka. Kupanga mabowo kumachitika ndi kubowola kapena kumapetocnc kugwa. Miyeso ya Drill imayikidwa mu metric ndi imperial unit. Reamers ndi zida zotopetsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza mabowo omwe amafunikira kulolerana kolimba. Kwa ma diameter ochepera ⌀20 mm, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma diameter wamba.
Kuzama kwakukulu kumalimbikitsidwa 4 x m'mimba mwake mwadzina; pafupifupi 10 x m'mimba mwake mwadzina; zotheka 40 x awiri mwadzina
Mabowo osakhala apakati ayenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphero. Munthawi imeneyi, malire akuya kwapang'onopang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakuya kwakuya. Ngati mukufuna makina mabowo akuya kuposa mmene mtengo, ntchito kubowola wapadera ndi awiri osachepera 3 mm. Mabowo akhungu opangidwa ndi kubowola amakhala ndi maziko opindika okhala ndi ngodya ya 135 °, pomwe mabowo opangidwa ndi mphero amakhala athyathyathya. Mu makina a CNC, palibe zokonda zapadera pakati pa mabowo ndi mabowo akhungu.
5. Ulusi
Kukula kochepa kwa ulusi ndi M2. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito M6 kapena ulusi waukulu. Ulusi wamkati umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matepi, pomwe ulusi wakunja umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kufa. Ma tap ndi kufa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ulusi wa M2. Zida zopangira CNC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimakondedwa ndi akatswiri amisiri chifukwa amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusweka kwapampopi. Zida zopangira CNC zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ulusi wa M6.
Kutalika kwa ulusi osachepera 1.5 x m'mimba mwake mwadzina; 3 x m'mimba mwake mwadzina tikulimbikitsidwa
Mano ochepa oyambirira amanyamula katundu wambiri pa ulusi (mpaka 1.5 kuchulukitsa mwadzina). Choncho, ulusi waukulu kuwirikiza katatu m'mimba mwake mwadzina ndi wosafunikira. Kwa ulusi womwe uli m'mabowo akhungu opangidwa ndi mpopi (mwachitsanzo, ulusi wonse wocheperako kuposa M6), onjezerani ulusi wosawerengeka wofanana ndi 1.5 kuwirikiza mwadzina kufika pansi pa dzenje.
Pamene CNC ulusi zida angagwiritsidwe ntchito (ie ulusi zazikulu kuposa M6), dzenje akhoza ulusi kudutsa utali wake wonse.
6. Zochepa Zing'onozing'ono
The osachepera analimbikitsa dzenje awiri ndi 2.5 mm (0.1 mu); osachepera 0.05 mm (0.005 mu) amavomerezanso. Mashopu ambiri amakina amatha kuyika bwino mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi mabowo.
Chilichonse pansi pa malire awa chimatengedwa ngati micromachining.CNC mwatsatanetsatane mpherozinthu zotere (kumene kusintha kwa thupi kwa kudula kuli mkati mwamtunduwu) kumafunikira zida zapadera (zobowola zazing'ono) ndi chidziwitso cha akatswiri, kotero tikulimbikitsidwa kuzipewa pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira.
7. Kulekerera
Muyezo: ± 0.125 mm (0.005 mkati)
Mtundu: ± 0.025 mm (0.001 mkati)
Kachitidwe: ± 0.0125 mm (0.0005 mkati)
Kulekerera kumakhazikitsa malire ovomerezeka a miyeso. Zololera zomwe zingatheke zimatengera kukula kwa gawo ndi geometry. Mfundo zomwe zaperekedwa ndi malangizo othandiza. Popanda kulolerana kwapadera, masitolo ambiri amakina amagwiritsa ntchito ± 0.125 mm (0.005 mu) kulolerana.
8. Malemba ndi Malembo
Kukula kwamafonti kovomerezeka ndi 20 (kapena kukulirapo), ndi zilembo 5 mm
Zolembazo zimakhala zabwino kuposa zojambulidwa chifukwa zimachotsa zinthu zochepa. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sans-serif font, monga Microsoft YaHei kapena Verdana, yokhala ndi kukula kwa mafonti osachepera 20. Makina ambiri a CNC ali ndi machitidwe okonzedweratu a zilembo izi.
Kukonzekera Kwamakina ndi Magawo Oyang'anira
Chithunzi chojambula cha gawo lomwe limafuna kukhazikitsidwa kangapo chikuwonetsedwa pansipa:
Kufikira kwa zida ndikulepheretsa kwakukulu pamapangidwe a makina a CNC. Kuti mufike pamitundu yonse yachitsanzo, chogwiriracho chiyenera kuzunguliridwa kangapo. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lomwe lasonyezedwa pachithunzi pamwambapa liyenera kuzunguliridwa katatu: kawiri kuyika mabowo munjira ziwiri zoyambirira komanso kachitatu kuti mulowe kumbuyo kwa gawolo. Nthawi iliyonse pomwe chogwirira ntchito chikuzunguliridwa, makinawo amayenera kusinthidwanso, ndipo njira yatsopano yolumikizira iyenera kufotokozedwa.
Ganizirani za kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina popanga pazifukwa ziwiri zazikulu:
1. Chiwerengero chonse cha makina oyika chimakhudza mtengo. Kuzungulira ndi kukonzanso gawolo kumafuna khama lamanja ndikuwonjezera nthawi yokwanira yopangira makina. Ngati gawo likufunika kuzunguliridwa nthawi 3-4, nthawi zambiri ndilovomerezeka, koma chilichonse chopitilira malirechi chimakhala chochulukirapo.
2. Kuti mukwaniritse malo olondola kwambiri, mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kupangidwa mofanana. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyimba kwatsopano kumabweretsa cholakwika chaching'ono (koma chosanyozeka).
Makina a Five-Axis CNC
Pamene ntchito 5-olamulira CNC Machining, kufunika makina angapo setups akhoza kuthetsedwa. Multi-axis CNC Machining amatha kupanga magawo okhala ndi ma geometries ovuta chifukwa amapereka nkhwangwa ziwiri zowonjezera zozungulira.
Makina a CNC amitundu isanu amalola chidacho kuti chizikhala chokhazikika pamtunda wodula. Izi zimathandiza kuti njira zovuta komanso zogwira mtima zizitsatiridwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo azikhala ndi zomaliza bwino komanso nthawi zazifupi za makina.
Komabe,5 axis cnc Machiningilinso ndi malire ake. Zida zoyambira za geometry ndi zoletsa zofikira zida zikugwirabe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, magawo omwe ali ndi geometry yamkati sangathe kupangidwa. Kuonjezera apo, mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito machitidwe otere ndi apamwamba.
Kupanga Undercuts
Ma undercuts ndi mawonekedwe omwe sangathe kupangidwa ndi zida zodulira wamba chifukwa zina mwazowoneka sizipezeka mwachindunji kuchokera pamwamba. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma undercuts: T-slots ndi dovetails. Ma undercuts amatha kukhala mbali imodzi kapena mbali ziwiri ndipo amapangidwa ndi zida zapadera.
Zida zodulira T-slot zimapangidwa makamaka ndi choyikapo chopingasa chomangika pamtengo woyima. M'lifupi wa undercut akhoza kusiyana pakati pa 3 mm ndi 40 mm. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito miyeso yokhazikika (ie, mamilimita athunthu kapena tizigawo ta mainchesi) m'lifupi mwake chifukwa zida zitha kupezeka kale.
Kwa zida za dovetail, ngodyayo ndiye gawo lofotokozera. Zida za 45 ° ndi 60 ° zimatengedwa ngati zoyenera.
Popanga gawo lokhala ndi ma undercuts pamakoma amkati, kumbukirani kuwonjezera chilolezo chokwanira cha chidacho. Lamulo labwino la chala chachikulu ndikuwonjezera malo pakati pa khoma lopangidwa ndi makina ndi makoma ena aliwonse amkati omwe ali ofanana kuwirikiza kanayi kuzama kwake.
Pazida zokhazikika, chiyerekezo chapakati pa 2: 1 tsinde ndi 2: 1, kuchepetsa kuya kwa kudula. Pakafunika kutsika kopanda muyezo, mashopu amakina nthawi zambiri amapanga zida zawo zochepetsera. Izi zimawonjezera nthawi yotsogolera ndi mtengo ndipo ziyenera kupewedwa ngati kuli kotheka.
T-slot pakhoma lamkati (kumanzere), dovetail undercut (pakati), ndi mbali imodzi (kumanja)
Kujambula Zojambula Zaumisiri
Chonde dziwani kuti zofotokozera zina sizingaphatikizidwe mumafayilo a STEP kapena IGES. Zojambula zaukadaulo za 2D ndizofunikira ngati mtundu wanu uli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:
Mabowo opangidwa ndi ulusi kapena shafts
Kulekerera miyeso
Zofunikira zenizeni zomaliza
Zolemba za ogwiritsa ntchito makina a CNC
Malamulo a chala chachikulu
1. Pangani gawolo kuti likhale lopangidwa ndi chida chachikulu kwambiri cha m'mimba mwake.
2. Onjezani zipolopolo zazikulu (kuzama ⅓ x x) kumakona onse ofukula amkati.
3. Chepetsani kuya kwa bowo mpaka kanayi m'lifupi mwake.
4. Gwirizanitsani mbali zazikulu za kapangidwe kanu limodzi mwa njira zisanu ndi imodzi. Ngati izi sizingatheke, sankhani5 axis cnc Machining services.
5. Tumizani zojambula zamakono pamodzi ndi mapangidwe anu pamene mapangidwe anu akuphatikiza ulusi, kulolerana, mawonekedwe a pamwamba, kapena ndemanga zina za ogwiritsa ntchito makina.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri kapena kufunsa, chonde omasuka kulumikizanani info@anebon.com.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-13-2024