Mochini o 'nile oa sebetsa bophelo bohle ba hae, 4.4 le 8.8 holim'a bolt e bolela'ng?

Kamora ho sebetsa joalo ka mochini ka lilemo tse ngata hakana, ha oa tlameha ho tseba moelelo oa lileibole tse holim'a likurufu, na ha ho joalo?

Likarolo tsa ts'ebetso ea bolts bakeng sa khokahanyo ea sebopeho sa tšepe li arotsoe ka limaraka tse fetang leshome, tse kang 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, joalo-joalo Har'a bona, ho etsoa liboutu tsa sehlopha sa 8.8 le ka holimo. ea alloy ea low-carbon alloy kapa medium-carbon alloy, 'me e hloekisoa ka mocheso (ho tima, ho futhumatsa), e tsejoang ka hore ke liboutu tse matla haholo; tse ling kaofela li tsejoa e le liboutu tse tloaelehileng. Leibole ea boemo ba bolt e na le linomoro tse peli, tse emelang boleng ba matla a tensile le karo-karolelano ea thepa ea bolt, ka ho latellana.Egg:
Liboutu tsa sehlopha sa thepa 4.6 li bolela:
Matla a ho sisinyeha ka lebitso a thepa ea bolt a fihla ho 400MPa;
Karolelano ea lihlahisoa tsa thepa ea bolt ke 0,6;
Matla a tlhahiso ea matla a thepa ea bolt ke 400×0.6=240MPa.
Boemo ba ts'ebetso 10.9 liboutu tse matla a phahameng, kamora kalafo ea mocheso, li ka fihlela:
Matla a ho sisinyeha ka lebitso a thepa ea bolt a fihla ho 1000MPa;
Karolelano ea lihlahisoa tsa thepa ea bolt ke 0,9;
Matla a tlhahiso ea tlhaho ea thepa ea bolt ke 1000×0.9=900MPa.

Moelelo oa boemo ba ts'ebetso ea bolt ke maemo a machaba. Ho sa tsotelehe phapang ea thepa le tšimoloho, liboutu tsa boemo bo ts'oanang ba ts'ebetso li na le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang, 'me ke sehlopha sa ts'ebetso feela se ka khethoang moralong.
Seo ho thoeng ke limaraka tsa matla a 8.8 le 10.9 se bolela hore ho hanyetsa khatello ea ho kuta ea bolt ke 8.8GPa le 10.9GPa
8.8 Nominal tensile matla 800N/MM2 Matla a tlhahiso ea mabitso 640N/MM2
Liboutu tse akaretsang li sebelisa "XY" ho bonts'a matla, X*100=matla a thata a bolt ena, X*100*(Y/10)=matla a tlhahiso ea bolt ena (hobane ho latela melaoana: ho fana ka matla/matla a thata =Y /10)
Ka mohlala, sehlopheng sa 4.8, matla a tsitsitseng a bolt ena ke 400MPa; matla a tlhahiso ke 400*8/10=320MPa.
E 'ngoe: liboutu tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang hangata li tšoauoa e le A4-70 le A2-70; moelelo o hlalosoa ka tsela e fapaneng.
lekanya
Ho na le likarolo tse peli tse bohareng tsa tekanyo ea bolelele lefatšeng kajeno: e 'ngoe ke metric system, le unit of measurement metres (m), centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm), joalo-joalo. Mofuta ke tsamaiso ea borena, le unit of measurement ke haholo-holo lisenthimithara, tse lekanang le lisenthimithara tsa maraka tsa tsamaiso ea khale naheng ea heso. E sebelisoa haholo United States, Brithani le linaheng tse ling tsa Europe le Amerika.
Tekanyo ea metric: (decimal) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Tekanyo ea borena: (8 tsamaiso) 1 inch = 8 cents 1 inch = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Lihlahisoa tse ka tlase ho 1/4 li sebelisa nomoro ea serial ho bontša bophara ba pitso ea bona, joalo ka: 4#, hlano #, tšeletseng #, supa #, robeli #, leshome #, 12#

khoele
Khoele ke sebopeho se nang le li-protrusions tse tšoanang tsa helical karolong ea sefapano sa bokantle bo tiileng ba kantle kapa bo kahare. Ho latela litšoaneleho tsa eona tsa sebopeho le ts'ebeliso, e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro:
Tlhale e tlwaelehileng: Sebopeho sa leino se kgutlotharo mme se sebedisetswa ho hokela kapa ho tiisa dikarolo. Likhoele tse tloaelehileng li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: khoele e mahoashe le khoele e ntle, ho ea ka molumo,' me matla a khoele a khoele e ntle a phahame.
Khoele ea phetiso: Ho na le libopeho tsa trapezoidal, rectangular, saw-shape,d, le meno a khutlotharo.
Khoele ea ho tiisa: e sebelisetsoang ho tiisa likhokahano, haholo-holo khoele ea liphaephe, khoele e tapered, le khoele ea peipi e tapered.
Hlopha ka sebopeho:

Sehlopha se lekanang le khoele

Khoele e lekanang ke boholo bo hlephileng kapa bo thata pakeng tsa likhoele tse sehiloeng, 'me boemo ba ho lekana ke motsoako o boletsoeng oa ho kheloha le ho mamellana ho sebetsanang le likhoele tse ka hare le tsa ka ntle.
1. Bakeng sa likhoele tse kopaneng tsa inch, ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tsa likhoele tsa likhoele tsa kantle: 1A, 2A, le 3A, le tse tharo bakeng sa likhoele tse ka hare: 1B, 2B, le 3B, tseo kaofela e leng li-clearance fit. Ha palo ea litekanyetso e phahame, e tiisa ho lekana. Ka likhoele tsa lisenthimithara, kheloha e hlalositsoe feela bakeng sa limaraka tsa 1A le 2A, kheloho ea kereiti ea 3A ke zero, ’me kheloha ea kereiti ea limaraka tsa 1A le 2A e lekana. E kholoanyane palo ea maemo, e nyenyane mamello.
Lihlopha tsa 1A le 1B, lihlopha tsa mamello tse hlephileng haholo, tse loketseng ho mamellana ha likhoele tsa ka hare le tsa ka ntle.
Mephato 2A le 2B ke limaraka tse tloaelehileng tsa ho mamella likhoele tse boletsoeng bakeng sa li-fasteners tsa mochini oa li-inch.
Mephato ea 3A le ea 3B, tse kopantsoeng hammoho ho etsa hore ho lekana ka ho fetisisa, li loketse li-fasteners tse thata, 'me li sebelisoa ho meralo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.
Bakeng sa likhoele tsa kantle, limaraka tsa 1A le 2A li na le mamello e loketseng; sehlopha sa 3A ha se. Mamello ea 1A ke 50% e kholo ho feta mamello ea 2A le 75% e kholo ho feta mamello ea 3A. Bakeng sa khoele ea ka hare, mamello ea 2B ke 30% e kholo ho feta mamello ea 2A. Sehlopha sa 1B se seholo ho feta Sehlopha sa 2B ka 50% le 75% se seholo ho feta Sehlopha sa 3 B.
2. Likhoele tsa metric: li na le lihlopha tse tharo tsa likhoele tsa likhoele tse ka ntle: 4h, h tse tšeletseng, le 6g, le tse tharo bakeng sa likhoele tsa ka hare: 5H, 6H, le 7H. (Mophato wa tlhale o tlwaelehileng wa Sejapane o arotswe ka mephato e meraro: I, II, le III, hangata kereiti ya II.) Ho tlhale ya metric, kgeloho ya motheo ya H le h ke lefela. Phapang ea mantlha ea G ke positive, 'me kheloha ea mantlha ea e, f, le g ke mpe.
H ke sebaka se tloaelehileng sa ho mamellana bakeng sa likhoele tsa ka hare 'me hangata ha se sebelisoe e le ho roala holim'a metsi kapa ho sebelisoa lesela la phosphating. Phapang e ka sehloohong ea boemo ba G e sebelisoa bakeng sa liketsahalo tse khethehileng, tse kang ho roala ho teteaneng, ho sebelisoang seoelo.
g e atisa ho sebelisoa ho apara seaparo se tšesaane sa 6-9um. Ka mohlala, setšoantšo sa sehlahisoa se hloka bolt ea h tse tšeletseng, 'me khoele pele e roala e sebelisa sebaka sa mamello sa 6g.
Khoele e lekanang hantle e kopantsoe ho H/g, H/h, kapa G/h. Bakeng sa likhoele tse hloekisitsoeng tse kang liboutu le linate, maemo a khothaletsa ho lekana 6H/6g.
3. Ho tšoaea likhoele
Mekhahlelo e ka sehloohong ea li-geometric tsa likhoele tsa ho itlama le ho itšeha
1. Bophara bo boholo/leino le ka ntle la leino (d1): Ke bophara bo inahaneloang ba cylindrical ea ho iketsahalla feela ha likhoele. Bophara bo ka sehloohong ba khoele bo emela bophara ba khoele ka lebitso.
2. Bophara bo bonyenyane/ bophara ba motso (d2): Bophara ba silindara e inahaneloang moo motso oa khoele o kopanang teng.
3. Sebaka sa meno (p): sebaka sa axial pakeng tsa meno a bapileng a tsamaellanang le lintlha tse peli holim'a meridian e bohareng. Tsamaisong ea borena, sekontiri se phahameng se bontšoa ke palo ea meno ka inch (25.4mm).
Lintlha tse latelang li thathamisa lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa molumo (metric) le palo ea meno (ea borena)
1) Metric ea ho itšebetsa:
Litlhaloso: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Phatlalatso: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Ho ipeha ka inch:
Litlhaloso: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Palo ea meno: AB meno 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Leino 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10