Kurapa kwepamusoro kunosanganisira kushandisa michina uye nzira dzemakemikari kugadzira chidziviriro pamusoro pechigadzirwa, icho chinoshanda kuchengetedza muviri. Iyi nzira inobvumira chigadzirwa kuti chisvike kune yakagadzikana mamiriro muzvisikwa, inosimudzira kusakara kwayo, uye inovandudza kukwezva kwayo, pakupedzisira ichiwedzera kukosha kwayo. Pakusarudza nzira dzekurapa dzepamusoro, zvakakosha kuti titarise mamiriro ekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, hupenyu hunotarisirwa, kukwezva, uye kukosha kwehupfumi.
Iyo nzira yekurapa yepamusoro inosanganisira pre-kurapwa, kuumbwa kwefirimu, post-firimu kurapwa, kurongedza, kuchengetera, uye kutumira. Pre-kurapa kunosanganisira mechanical uye makemikari kurapwa.
Kurapa nemichina kunosanganisira nzira dzakaita sekuputika, kupfutidza, kukuya, kupukuta, uye kukwirisa wakisi. Chinangwa chayo ndechekubvisa kusaenzana kwepamusoro uye kugadzirisa zvimwe zvisingadiwe zvepasi pevhu. Zvichakadaro, mishonga yemakemikari inobvisa mafuta uye ngura kubva pamusoro pechigadzirwa uye inogadzira dhizaini inobvumira zvinhu zvinogadzira firimu kuti zvibatane zvakanyanya. Iyi nzira zvakare inovimbisa kuti iyo yekupfekedza inowana nyika yakagadzikana, inosimudzira kunamatira kweiyo inodzivirira layer, uye inopa mabhenefiti ekudzivirira kune chigadzirwa.
Aluminium pamusoro kurapwa
Akajairika makemikari kurapwa kwealuminium anosanganisira maitiro akadai sechromization, pendi, electroplating, anodizing, electrophoresis, nezvimwe. Mechanical marapirwo anosanganisira kudhirowa waya, kupukuta, kupfapfaidza, kukuya, nezvimwe.
1. Chromization
Chromization inogadzira kemikari inoshandura firimu pamusoro pechigadzirwa, ine ukobvu kubva pa 0.5 kusvika 4 micrometer. Iyi firimu ine yakanaka adsorption zvimiro uye inonyanya kushandiswa seyakapetwa layer. Inogona kuva negoridhe yero, yearuminiyamu yepanyama, kana kuonekwa kwegirinhi.
Iro firimu rinoguma rine maitiro akanaka, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakisa yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi senge conductive mitsetse mumabhatiri efoni uye magnetoelectric zvishandiso. Inokodzera kushandiswa pane zvese aluminium uye aluminium alloy zvigadzirwa. Nekudaro, iyo firimu yakapfava uye haina kupfeka-inodzivirira, saka haina kunaka kuti ishandiswe kunzekunyatsoita zvikamuzvechigadzirwa.
Customization process:
Degreasing-> aluminium acid dehydration-> customization-> kurongedza-> warehousing
Chromization inokodzera aluminium uye aluminium alloys, magnesium, uye magnesium alloy zvigadzirwa.
Hunhu hunodiwa:
1) Ruvara rwakafanana, iyo firimu layer yakanaka, hapagone kuve nemavanga, mavanga, kubata nemaoko, hapana roughness, madota uye zvimwe zviitiko.
2) Ukobvu hweiyo firimu layer ndeye 0.3-4um.
2. Anodizing
Anodizing: Inogona kuumba yunifomu uye dense oxide layer pamusoro pechigadzirwa (Al2O3). 6H2O, inowanzozivikanwa sesimbi jade, iyi firimu inogona kuita kuti kuoma kwepamusoro kwechigadzirwa kusvike 200-300 HV. Kana iyo yakakosha chigadzirwa ichigona kuomesesa anodizing, kuoma kwepamusoro kunogona kusvika 400-1200 HV. Naizvozvo, yakaoma anodizing chinhu chakakosha chepamusoro kurapwa maitiro emasilinda uye kutapurirana.
Uye zvakare, chigadzirwa ichi chine yakanaka kwazvo yekupfeka kuramba uye inogona kushandiswa seyakakodzera maitiro ekubhururuka nendege uye aerospace zvigadzirwa. Musiyano uripo pakati peanodizing uye yakaoma anodizing ndewekuti anodizing inogona kuve neruvara, uye kushongedzwa kuri nani pane yakaoma oxidation.
Mapoinzi ekuvaka ekufunga nezvawo: anodizing ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvezvinhu. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine maitiro akasiyana ekushongedza pamusoro pepamusoro. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinhu 6061, 6063, 7075, 2024, etc. Pakati pavo, 2024 ine mhedzisiro yakaipisisa nekuda kwezvakasiyana zveCU mune zvinyorwa. 7075 yakaoma oxidation ndeyero, 6061 uye 6063 ishava. Nekudaro, yakajairika anodizing ye6061, 6063, uye 7075 haina kunyanya kusiyana. 2024 inotarirwa kune akawanda egoridhe mavara.
1. Common process
Akajairika anodizing maitiro anosanganisira brushed matte natural color, brushed bright natural color, brushed bright surface dyeing, uye matte brushed dyeing (iyo inogona kudhayiwa chero ruvara). Dzimwe sarudzo dzinosanganisira yakakwenenzverwa inopenya ruvara rwechisikigo, yakakwenenzverwa matte yakasikwa ruvara, polished glossy dyeing, uye polished matte dyeing. Pamusoro pezvo, kune nzvimbo dzinopfapfaidza dzine ruzha uye dzakapenya, pfapfaidza nzvimbo dzine ruzha dzine mhute, uye kudhaya kwejecha. Idzi sarudzo dzeplating dzinogona kushandiswa mumidziyo yekuvhenekesa.
2. Anodizing process
Degreasing—> alkali erosion—> polishing—> neutralization—> lidi—> neutralization
Anodizing—> dyeing—> sealing—> kugeza mvura inopisa—> kuomesa
3. Mutongo wezvakajairwa zvemhando isina kujairika
A. Makwara anogona kuoneka pamusoro nekuda kwekutadza kudzimwa nekudziya kwesimbi kana kusanaka kwezvinhu, uye mushonga unofungidzirwa kuitazve kupisa kana kushandura zvinhu.
B. Rainbow mavara anoonekwa pamusoro, izvo zvinowanzokonzerwa nekukanganisa mukushanda kweanode. Chigadzirwa chacho chinogona kurembera zvakasununguka, zvichikonzera kusaita zvakanaka. Inoda imwe nzira yekurapa uye re-anodic kurapwa mushure mekunge simba radzorerwa.
C. Nzvimbo yacho inopwanyika uye inokwenywa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzokonzerwa nekusabatwa zvakanaka panguva yekufambisa, kugadzira, kurapwa, kubvisa simba, kugaya, kana kudzorerazve magetsi.
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4. Mitemo yehutano
1) Ukobvu hwefirimu hunofanirwa kunge huri pakati pe5-25 micrometers, nekuoma kwepamusoro pe200HV, uye chiyero chekuchinja kwemavara chebvunzo yekuisa chisimbiso chinofanira kunge chiri pasi pe5%.
2) Muyedzo wekupfapfaidza munyu unofanirwa kugara kweanopfuura maawa makumi matatu nematanhatu uye unofanirwa kusangana neCNS standard ye9 kana pamusoro.
3) Chitarisiko chinofanira kunge chisina mavanga, mavanga, makore ane mavara, uye chero zvimwe zvisingadiwe zviitiko. Panofanira kunge pasina mapoinzi ekurembera kana kutsvuka pamusoro.
4) Die-cast aluminium, yakadai seA380, A365, A382, nezvimwewo, haigoni kuve anodized.
3. Aluminium electroplating process
1. Zvakanakira aruminiyamu uye aruminiyamu alloy zvinhu:
Aluminium uye aruminiyamu alloy zvinhu zvine zvakanakira zvakasiyana, senge yakanaka conductivity yemagetsi, kukurumidza kupisa kupisa, chiedza-chaiyo giravhiti, uye nyore kugadzira. Nekudaro, ivo vanewo zvakaipira, zvinosanganisira kuomarara kuderera, kushomeka kwekupfeka kuramba, kubatwa ne intergranular corrosion, uye kuomerwa kwewelding, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira maapplication avo. Kuwedzera masimba avo uye kuderedza kusasimba kwavo, indasitiri yemazuva ano inowanzoshandisa electroplating kugadzirisa matambudziko aya.
2. Zvakanakira zvealuminium electroplating
- kunatsiridza kushongedza,
- Inovandudza kuoma kwepasi uye kupfeka kuramba
- Yakaderedzwa coefficient yekukwesha uye yakagadziridzwa lubricity.
- Kuvandudzwa kwepamusoro conductivity.
- Yakavandudzwa corrosion kuramba (kusanganisira musanganiswa nemamwe simbi)
- Easy weld
- Inovandudza kunamatira kune rabha kana ichipisa ichidzvanywa.
- Kuwedzera reflectivity
- Gadzirisa dimensional tolerances
Aluminium inonyatso shanda, saka iyo inoshandiswa pa electroplating inoda kushanda zvakanyanya kupfuura aluminium. Izvi zvinoda shanduko yemakemikari pamberi pe electroplating, senge zinc-immersion, zinc-iron alloy, uye zinc-nickel alloy. Iyo yepakati yezinc uye zinc alloy ine yakanaka kunamatira kune yepakati layer yecyanide copper plating. Nekuda kweiyo yakasununguka chimiro che die-cast aluminium, iyo pamusoro haigone kukwenenzverwa panguva yekukuya. Kana izvi zvikaitwa, zvinogona kutungamirira kumapini, acid-spitting, peeling, uye dzimwe nyaya.
3. Maitiro ekuyerera kwealuminium electroplating ndeaya anotevera:
Degreasing – > alkali etching – > activation – > zinc replacement – > activation – > plating (senge nickel, zingi, copper, nezvimwewo) – > chrome plating kana passivation – > kuomesa.
-1- Yakajairika aluminium electroplating marudzi ndeaya:
Nickel plating (pearl nickel, jecha nickel, dema nickel), sirivha plating (inopenya sirivha, gobvu sirivheri), goridhe plating, zinc plating (ruvara zingi, dema zingi, bhuruu zingi), mhangura plating (girinhi mhangura, chena tini mhangura, alkaline. mhangura, electrolytic mhangura, acid mhangura), chrome plating (inoshongedza chrome, yakaoma chrome, dema chrome), nezvimwe.
-2- Kushandiswa kwemhodzi dzakajairwa
-Black plating, senge zingi dema uye dema nickel, inoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi uye michina yekurapa.
- Goridhe plating uye sirivheri ndiyo yakanakisa conductor yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kuiswa kwegoridhe kunowedzerawo zvinhu zvekushongedza zvezvigadzirwa, asi zvinodhura. Inowanzo shandiswa mukufambiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, senge electroplating yeakakwirira-chaiyo waya materminal.
- Mhangura, nickel, uye chromium ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mahybrid plating zvinhu musainzi yemazuva ano uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushongedza uye kuramba ngura. Iwo anodhura-anoshanda uye anogona kushandiswa mumidziyo yemitambo, mwenje, uye akasiyana maindasitiri emagetsi.
- White tin mhangura, yakagadziridzwa mumakore makumi manomwe nemakumi masere, iine hushamwari hwepamhepo zvinhu zvine ruvara ruchena. Icho chisarudzo chakakurumbira mumhizha yezvishongo. Bronze (yakagadzirwa nemutobvu, tini, uye mhangura) inogona kutevedzera goridhe, ichiita inoyevedza yekushongedza yekushongedza sarudzo. Zvisinei, mhangura haina kumira zvakanaka pakushanduka kwemavara, saka kukura kwayo kwave kunonoka.
- Zinc-based electroplating: Iyo galvanized layer ibhuruu-chena uye inonyungudika muasidhi uye alkali. Sezvo chiyero chinogona kuita zinc chakashata kupfuura icho chesimbi, inopa yakavimbika electrochemical kudzivirira kwesimbi. Zinc inogona kushandiswa sechidziviriro chezvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri uye mugungwa mamiriro ekunze.
-Hard chrome, yakaiswa pasi pemamwe mamiriro, ine yakanyanya kuoma uye kupfeka kuramba. Kuomarara kwaro kunosvika HV900-1200kg/mm, zvichiita kuti ive iyo yakaomesesa yekupotera pakati pezvinowanzo shandiswa. Iyi plating inogona kuvandudza kupfeka kuramba kwemechanical partsuye kurebesa hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kumasilinda, hydraulic pressure system, uye masisitimu ekufambisa.
-3- Zvakajairwa zvisizvo uye matanho ekuvandudza
- Peeling: Iyo zinc kutsiva haina kunaka; nguva yacho ingave yakareba kana kuti ipfupi. Isu tinofanirwa kudzokorora zviyero uye kuona zvakare nguva yekutsiva, tembiricha yekugezesa, yekugezera yekugezera, uye mamwe maparamita ekushanda. Uyezve, iyo activation process inoda kuvandudzwa. Isu tinofanirwa kusimudzira zviyero uye kushandura iyo activation mode. Uyezve, iyo pretreatment haina kukwana, zvichiita kuti mafuta asara pane workpiece pamusoro. Tinofanira kuvandudza matanho uye kuwedzera maitiro ekugadzirira.
-Kushata kwepamusoro: Iyo electroplating mhinduro inoda kugadziridzwa nekuda kwekusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nemwenje mumiriri, munyoro, uye pinhole dose. Muviri wepamusoro wakakasharara uye zvinoda kukwenenzverwa patsva pamberi pe electroplating.
- Iyo nzvimbo iri kutanga kushanduka yero, zvichiratidza kuti ingangoitika nyaya, uye nzira yekumisikidza yakagadziridzwa. Wedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemumiriri wekutamisa.
-Mazino ari pamusoro pemvura: Iyo electroplating mhinduro yakasviba zvakanyanya, saka simbisa kusefa uye ita yakakodzera kugeza kurapa.
-4- Quality zvinodiwa
- Chigadzirwa chacho hachifanirwe kuve nechero yero, mapini, maburrs, blistering, mavanga, mavanga, kana chero humwe hurema husingadiwi pakuonekwa kwayo.
- Ukobvu hwefirimu hunofanira kunge huine 15 micrometers, uye hunofanira kudarika 48-awa yemunyu yekupfapfaidza bvunzo, kusangana kana kudarika US yemauto mwero we9. Uyezve, mutsauko unogona kuwira mukati mehuwandu hwe130-150mV.
- Simba rinosunga rinofanira kumira 60-degree bending test.
- Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa nharaunda dzakakosha zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana.
-5- Chengetedzo yealuminium uye aluminium alloy plating kushanda
-Gara shandisa aluminium alloy sehanger ye electroplating yealuminium zvikamu.
- Bvisa aruminiyamu nearuminiyamu alloys nekukurumidza uye nechinguva chidiki sezvinobvira kudzivirira zvakare oxidation.
- Ita shuwa kuti nguva yekunyudzwa yechipiri haina kurebesa kudzivirira ngura yakawandisa.
- Kunyatsochenesa nemvura panguva yekugeza.
- Izvo zvakakosha kudzivirira kudzimwa kwemagetsi panguva yeplating process.
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Nguva yekutumira: Sep-11-2024