Injiniya ane hunyanzvi mukugadzira michina yekushandisa uye ave neruzivo rwakakwana rweindasitiri yemuchina.
Anoshanda mechanic process injinjini ane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira michina, mashandisiro adzo, zvimiro zvemaitiro, uye iko iko kwekugadzira mukati meindasitiri yemuchina. Ivo vanogona kuronga neunyanzvi michina chaiyo mukati mefekitori yavo kuti vagone kugonesa dhizaini yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekugadzirisa uye maitiro. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanoziva nezvesimba ravo rekugadzirisa uye kusasimba uye vanogona kushandisa zvinobudirira masimba avo uku vachidzikisa kusasimba kwavo kuronga basa rekambani rekugadzira.
Ngatitangei nekuongorora uye kunzwisisa akasiyana siyana ekugadzirisa midziyo inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira. Izvi zvichatipa tsananguro yakajeka yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa kubva pakuona kunoshanda. Isu tichaongororawo iyi michina yekugadzira nedzidziso kuti tigadzirire zvirinani basa redu remangwana nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwedu. Tarisiro yedu ichave pane yakajairika kugadzirisa michina yakadai sekutendeuka, kugaya, kuronga, kugaya, kufinha, kuchera, uye kucheka waya. Isu tichatsanangura nezve mhando, mashandisirwo, maitiro ezvimiro, uye machining echokwadi cheiyi michina yekugadzirisa.
1. Lathe
1) Rudzi rwe lathe
Kune akawanda marudzi e lathes. Maererano nebhuku remuchina wemuchina, kune marudzi anosvika makumi manomwe nenomwe. Iwo anonyanyozivikanwa mapoka anosanganisira machira emidziyo, single-axis otomatiki lathes, multi-axis otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki lathes, vhiri rekudzoka kana turret lathes, crankshaft uye camshaft lathes, vertical lathes, pasi uye horizontal lathes, profiling uye akawanda-zvishandiso lathes, ekisi roller ingots, nefoshoro mazino emazino. Aya mapoka akapatsanurwazve kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvichikonzera huwandu hwakasiyana hwemhando. Muindasitiri yemuchina, vertical and horizontal lathes ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa marudzi, uye anogona kuwanikwa munenge mune ese machining marongero.
2) Iyo yekugadziridza chiyero chelathe
Isu tinonyanya kusarudza mashoma akajairika lathe mhando kutsanangura huwandu hwemashandisirwo ekugadzira machining.
A. Lathe yakachinjika inokwanisa kutenderedza mukati nekunze cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, rotary surfaces, annular grooves, sections, neshinda dzakasiyana. Inogona zvakare kuita maitirwo akadai sekuchera, kudzorerazve, kubaya, kupinza, uye knurling. Kunyangwe akajairwa horizontal lathes ane yakaderera otomatiki uye anosanganisira yakawanda yekubatsira nguva mukuita machining, yavo yakakura kugadzirisa huwandu uye kuita kwakanaka kwese kwakakonzera kushandiswa kwakapararira muindasitiri yemuchina. Iwo anoonekwa seakakosha midziyo muindasitiri yedu yemuchina uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune akasiyana machining mashandiro.
B. Vertical lathes akakodzera kugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana furemu uye shell zvikamu, pamwe nekushanda mukati nekunze cylindrical nzvimbo, conical surfaces, magumo zviso, grooves, kucheka nekuchera, kuwedzera, kudzorerazve, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemaitiro. Nemamwe maturusi, ivo vanogona zvakare kuita tambo, kushandura zviso zvekupedzisira, profiling, milling, uye kugaya.
3) Kurongeka kwemashini kweiyo lathe
A. Iyo yakajairika yakachinjika lathe ine inotevera machining kururama: Roundness: 0.015mm; Cylindricity: 0.02/150mm; Flatness: 0.02 / ¢ 150mm; Kushata kwepamusoro: 1.6Ra/μm.
B. The vertical lathe's machining kururama kunotevera:
- Kutenderera: 0.02mm
Cylindricity: 0.01mm
- flatness: 0.03mm
Ndokumbira utarise kuti aya mareferensi inzvimbo dzekutarisa. Iyo chaiyo machining kurongeka kunogona kusiyanisa zvichienderana neanogadzira uye mamiriro egungano. Nekudaro, zvisinei nekushanduka-shanduka, iko kurongeka kwemuchina kunofanirwa kusangana nechiyero chenyika chemhando iyi yemidziyo. Kana izvo zvinodikanwa zvechokwadi zvikasasangana, mutengi ane kodzero yekuramba kugamuchirwa uye kubhadhara.
2. Muchina wekugaya
1) Mhando yemuchina wekugaya
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yekugaya dzakasiyana siyana uye dzakaoma. Maererano nebhuku renyanzvi yekugadzira michina, kune marudzi anopfuura makumi manomwe akasiyana. Nekudaro, iwo mapoka akajairwa anosanganisira muchina wekugaya chiridzwa, cantilever uye makondohwe muchina, gantry milling muchina, ndege yekugaya, makopi michina yekugaya, yakatwasuka inosimudza tafura michina yekugaya, yakachinjika yekusimudza tafura michina yekugaya, mibhedha yekugayo, uye michina yekugaya. Aya mapoka akapatsanurwazve muzvikamu zvidiki zvakawanda, chimwe nechimwe chine nhamba dzakasiyana. Muindasitiri yemuchina, mhando dzinonyanya kushandiswa inzvimbo yakamira machining uye gantry machining centre. Aya marudzi maviri emuchina wekugaya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira, uye isu tinopa sumo yakajairwa uye ongororo yeaya maviri akajairwa muchina.
2) Chiyero chekushandiswa kwemuchina wekugaya
Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yekugaya uye mashandisirwo awo akasiyana, isu tichatarisa pamhando mbiri dzakakurumbira: vertical machining centers uye gantry machining centers.
A vertical machining centre ndeye yakatwasuka CNC yekugaya muchina une chishandiso magazini. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekushandiswa kwema-multi-edge rotary maturusi ekucheka, izvo zvinobvumira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa pamusoro, kusanganisira ndege, groove, mazino, uye spiral surfaces. Nekushandiswa kweCNC tekinoroji, huwandu hwekugadzirisa hwemhando iyi yemuchina hwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Inogona kuita mashandiro ekugaya, pamwe nekuchera, kufinha, kudzorerazve, uye kubata, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuita uye kufarirwa.
B, gantry machining center: kana ichienzaniswa neinomira machining centre, gantry machining centre ndiyo inoumbwa nekushandisa CNC gantry milling machine plus tool magazine; muchikamu chekugadzirisa, gantry machining centre ine inenge yese yekugadziridza simba reyakajairwa vertical machining centre uye inokwanisa kuenderana nekugadziriswa kwezvishandiso zvakakura muchimiro chezvikamu, uye panguva imwechete ine mukana wakakura mukugadzirisa. kunyatsoshanda uye kunyatsoita machining, kunyanya kushandiswa kunoshanda kweiyo shanu-axis linkage gantry machining centre, iyo yekugadzirisa kwayo yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, Yakateya nheyo yekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina munzira. chepamusoro-chaizvo.
3) Kurongeka kwemuchina wekugaya:
A. Vertical machining centre:
Flatness: 0.025/300mm; Kuwedzera zvisina kunaka: 1.6Ra/μm.
B. Gantry machining centre:
Flatness: 0.025/300mm; Kushata kwepamusoro: 2.5Ra/μm.
Kurongeka kwemuchina kwataurwa pamusoro ndiko kukosha kwereferensi uye hakuvimbise kuti michina yese yekugayo ichasangana nechiyero ichi. Mazhinji emuchina wekugaya anogona kuve nekumwe mutsauko mukurongeka kwawo zvichibva pane zvakatemwa nemugadziri uye mamiriro egungano. Nekudaro, zvisinei nehuwandu hwekusiyana, iko kurongeka kwemuchina kunofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nenyika zverudzi urwu rwemidziyo. Kana michina yakatengwa isingaenderane nezvinodiwa nenyika, mutengi ane kodzero yekuramba kugamuchirwa uye kubhadhara.
3. Murongi
1) Rudzi rwemurongi
Kana zvasvika kune lathes, michina yekugaya, uye mapurani, kune mashoma marudzi emapurani. Bhuku remachining technician rinotaura kuti kune marudzi anosvika makumi maviri nerimwe evanoronga, ane anonyanya kuzivikanwa ari cantilever planers, gantry planers, bullhead planers, edge uye mold planers, nezvimwe. Aya mapoka akapatsanurwazve kuva akawanda chaiwo marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvepurani. Iyo bullhead planer uye gantry planer ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemuchina. Mumufananidzo unotevera, tichapa ongororo yekutanga uye sumo kune aya maviri akajairwa kuronga.
2) Chiyero chekushandiswa kweanoronga
Kufamba kwemupurani kunosanganisira kudzoka-uye-kumashure mutsara wekufamba kwechishandiso chiri kugadziriswa. Yakanyatsokodzera kuumba nzvimbo dzakati sandara, dzakakombama, uye dzakakombama. Kunyange ichikwanisa kubata akasiyana curved nzvimbo, kumhanya kwayo kwekugadzirisa kunogumira nekuda kwehunhu hwayo. Munguva yekudzoka sitiroko, mucheki wepurani haabatsiri pakugadzirisa, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwemaitiro asina basa uye kuderera kwekugadzirisa kushanda.
Kufambira mberi mukutonga kwenhamba uye otomatiki kwakatungamira mukutsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaitiro ekuronga. Iyi mhando yemidziyo yekugadzirisa haisati yaona kukwidziridzwa kwakakosha kana hunyanzvi, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzakamira dzemachining, gantry machining nzvimbo, uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso zvekugadzira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanoronga vanotarisana nemakwikwi akaoma uye vanoonekwa sevasina kunyatsoshanda kana vachienzaniswa neazvino dzimwe nzira.
3) Kurongeka kwekugadzira kwemupurani
Kurongeka kwekuronga kunogona kazhinji kusvika paiyo IT10-IT7 kunyatsoita nhanho. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pakugadziriswa kweiyo refu njanji njanji yemamwe maturusi makuru emuchina. Inogona kutotsiva nzira yekukuya, inozivikanwa se "fine planing pachinzvimbo chekukuya" nzira yekugadzirisa.
4. Gaya
1) Mhando yemuchina wekukuya
Zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emidziyo yekugadzirisa, kune angangoita zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemana emhando dzakasiyana dzemashini ekukuya, sezvakataurwa mubhuku remuchina wekugadzira michina. Mhando idzi dzinosanganisira magiya ezviridzwa, macylindrical grinders, emukati cylindrical grinders, coordinate grinders, guide rail grinders, cutter edge grinders, ndege nemagayi ekumeso, crankshaft/camshaft/spline/roll grinders, grinders tool, superfinishing machines, cylincal machine. mimwe michina yekukudza, michina yekupukuta, Michina yekupukuta nekugaya bhandi, maturusi ekukuya nekugaya maturusi emuchina, indexable isa muchina wekukuya, muchina wekukuya, bhora rine ring ring groove michina yekukuya, roller bearing ring raceway kugaya michina, ring ring superfinishing machine, blade grinding machine tools , simbi bhora kugadzira muchina maturusi, vharafu/piston/piston mhete yokukuya muchina maturusi, mota/tirakita yekukuya muchina maturusi, nemamwe marudzi. Sezvo kurongeka kwacho kwakakura uye michina yakawanda yekukuya yakanangana nemamwe maindasitiri, chinyorwa ichi chakanangana nekupa sumo yekutanga kumichina yekukuya inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yemuchina, kunyanya cylindrical kugaya michina nemichina yekukuya pamusoro.
2) Chiyero chekushandiswa kwemuchina wekukuya
A.Muchina wekukuya wecylindrical unonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa kunze kweiyo cylindrical kana conical maumbirwo, pamwe nekuguma kwechiso chepfudzi. Muchina uyu unopa yakanakisa kugadzirisa kuchinjika uye machining kunyatsoita. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa kwepamusoro-chaiyo zvikamu mukugadzira, kunyanya mukupedzisira kupedzisa maitiro. Muchina uyu unovimbisa saizi yejometri kurongeka uye unowana zvepamusoro pekupedzisira zvinodiwa, zvichiita kuti ive chidimbu chakakosha chemidziyo mukuita machining.
B,Iyo yepamusoro grinder inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ndege, nhanho yepamusoro, parutivi, uye zvimwe zvikamu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemuchina, kunyanya kugadzirisa yakakwirira-chaiyo zvikamu. Muchina wekukuya wakakosha pakuita kuti machining anyatso uye ndiyo sarudzo yekupedzisira kune vakawanda vanogaya vanoshanda. Vazhinji vashandi vegungano mumaindasitiri ekugadzira michina vanodiwa kuti vave nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa grinder yepasi, sezvo ivo vane basa rekuita basa rekukuya remapedhi akasiyana-siyana ekugadziridza mukuita kwegungano vachishandisa magrinder epamusoro.
3) Kurongeka kwekugadzira kwemuchina wekukuya
A. Machining kururama kwecylindrical grinding machine:
Kutenderera uye cylindricity: 0.003mm, kushata kwepamusoro: 0.32Ra/μm.
B. Machining kurongeka kwemashini ekukuya pamusoro:
Parallelism: 0.01/300mm; Kushata kwepamusoro: 0.8Ra/μm.
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro apa machining nemazvo, isu tinogona zvakare kuona zvakajeka kuti kana tichienzanisa neyakapfuura lathe, muchina wekugaya, planer uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekugadzira, muchina wekukuya unogona kuwana yakakwira maitiro ekushivirira kushivirira uye kushata kwepamusoro, saka mukupedzisa kwezvikamu zvakawanda, kugaya. muchina unoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya.
5. Boring muchina
1) Mhando yemuchina unofinha
Kuenzaniswa nemhando dzakapfuura dzekugadzira michina, muchina unofinha unoonekwa seunyanzvi. Sekureva kwehuwandu hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira machining, kune marudzi angangosvika makumi maviri nenhatu akakamurwa semuchina wakadzika gomba, muchina unobhowa, wakamira wakamira unobhowa, muchina wakachinjika wekugaya, muchina wakanaka unofinha, uye muchina unofinha wekugadzirisa tirakita yemotokari. Muchina unonyanya kushandiswa kufinha muindasitiri yemuchina ndiwo wekubatanidza boring muchina, watichasuma muchidimbu nekuongorora maitiro awo.
2) Iyo yekugadzirisa chiyero chemuchina unobhowa
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemichina inofinha. Muiyi sumo pfupi, isu tichatarisa pamuchina wekubatanidza unofinha. Iyo coordination boring muchina ndeye chaiyo muchina chishandiso chine chaiyo coordination positioning mudziyo. Inonyanya kushandiswa kumakomba anofinha ane saizi chaiyo, chimiro, uye chinzvimbo chinodiwa. Inogona kuita kuchera, kugadzirazve, kupedzisa kutarisana, grooving, kugaya, kuronga kuyerwa, kuyera chaiko, kumaka, uye mamwe mabasa. Inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwekutendeseka kwekugadzirisa masimba.
Nekukurumidza kufambira mberi kweCNC tekinoroji, kunyanya CNCbasa rekugadzira simbiuye yakachinjika milling muchina, basa remakina anofinha seyekutanga gomba kugadzira michina iri kupikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvakadaro, kune zvimwe zvisingadzokerike kumichina iyi. Pasinei nekusashanda kwemidziyo kana kufambira mberi, kufambira mberi hakudzivisike muindasitiri yekugadzira. Zvinoreva kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira yenyika.
3) Kurongeka kwekugadzira kwemuchina unofinha
Muchina wekubatanidza unobhowa kazhinji une gomba dhayamita kurongeka kweIT6-7 uye kushata kwepamusoro kwe0.4-0.8Ra/μm. Nekudaro, pane nyaya yakakosha mukugadzirisa kwemuchina unofinha, kunyanya kana uchibata nenhengo dzesimbi dzakakandwa; inozivikanwa se "basa rakasviba." Inogona kukonzera nzvimbo isingazivikanwe, yakakuvadzwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti michina ichatsiviwa mune ramangwana nekuda kwekunetseka kunoshanda. Pashure pezvose, chitarisiko chinokosha, uye kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vangasazvikoshese, tichiri kufanira kuchengeta chimiro chokuchengeta mipimo yakakwirira.
6. muchina wekuchera
1) Mhando yemuchina wekuchera
Midziyo inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemuchina ndiyo muchina wekuchera. Inenge fekitari yese yekugadzira ichave neinenge imwe chete. Nemidziyo iyi, zviri nyore kutaura kuti uri mubhizinesi rekugadzira. Zvinoenderana nebhuku remachining tekinoroji, kune marudzi makumi matatu nesere akasiyana emichina yekuchera, inosanganisira yekuboora michina yekuchera, yakadzika gomba michina, radial yekuchera, michina yekuchera desktop, michina yekuchera yakatwasuka, yakachinjika yekuchera, michina yekuchera, gomba repakati. michina yekuchera, nezvimwe. Iyo radial yekuchera muchina ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemakina uye inoonekwa seyakajairwa midziyo yekugadzira. Nayo, zvinenge zvichiita kushanda muindastiri iyi. Naizvozvo, ngatitarisei kuunza iyi mhando yemuchina wekuchera.
2) Chiyero chekushandiswa kwemuchina wekuchera
Chinangwa chikuru cheiyo radial drill ndeyekuchera marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakomba. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona zvakare kuita reming, counterboring, tapping, uye mamwe maitiro. Zvakadaro, gomba remuchina chinzvimbo chechokwadi chinogona kunge chisina kukwirira zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kune zvikamu zvinoda kurongeka kwepamusoro mukumisikidza gomba, zvinokurudzirwa kudzivirira kushandisa muchina wekuchera.
3) Kurongeka kwekugadzira kwemuchina wekuchera
Chaizvoizvo, hapana kurongeka kwekugadzira zvachose; chingori chibooreso.
7. Kucheka waya
Ini handisati ndawana ruzivo rwakawanda newaya-yekucheka michina yekugadzira, saka ini handisati ndaunganidza ruzivo rwakawanda munzvimbo ino. Naizvozvo, handisati ndaita tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro payo, uye kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yemichina kwakaganhurirwa. Nekudaro, ichiri yakabata kukosha kwakasarudzika, kunyanya kuvharika uye kugadziridzwa kwezvikamu zvine chimiro chakasarudzika. Iyo ine mamwe mabhenefiti, asi nekuda kwekushomeka kwayo kwekugadzirisa uye kukurumidza kuvandudza kwemashini e-laser, waya-yekucheka michina yekugadzira iri kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma muindasitiri.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-05-2024