Nzira yekuverenga sei kumhanya kwekucheka uye kudyisa kumhanya kweCNC machining Center?

Kucheka kumhanya uye kudyisa kumhanya kweCNC machining Center:

 

1: kumhanya kwe spindle = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Maximum cutting cutting ye general tools (VC): high speed steel 50 m / min; super hard tool 150 m / min; coated tool 250 m / min; ceramic diamond tool 1000 m / min 3 kugadzirisa alloy simbi Brinell kuoma = 275-325 high speed steel tool vc = 18m / min; simende ye carbide chishandiso vc = 70m / min (chinyorwa = 3mm; chiyero chekudya f = 0.3mm / R)cnc kutendeuka chikamu

  

Pane nzira mbiri dzekuverenga dzespindle kumhanya, sezvinoratidzwa mumuenzaniso unotevera:

 

① kumhanya kwespindle: imwe ndeye g97 S1000, zvinoreva kuti spindle inotenderera 1000 revolutions paminiti, ndiko kuti, inogara ichimhanya.cnc machining chikamu

 

Imwe yacho ndeyekuti G96 S80 inogara iine mutsara kumhanya, inova yekumhanyisa kumhanya inotarwa neiyo workpiece pamusoro.machined chikamu

 

Kune zvakare marudzi maviri ekumhanya kwekudya, G94 F100, zvichiratidza kuti imwe miniti yekucheka chinhambwe i100 mm. Imwe yacho ndeye g95 F0.1, zvinoreva kuti saizi yekudya yemudziyo ndeye 0.1mm per revolution ye spindle. Sarudzo yekucheka chishandiso uye kutsunga kwekucheka huwandu muNC machining chikamu chakakosha cheNC machining tekinoroji. Izvo hazvingokanganisa mashandiro emuchina weNC muchina maturusi, asi zvakare zvinokanganisa zvakananga mhando yekugadzira.

 

Nekuvandudzwa kweCAD/CAM tekinoroji, zvinokwanisika kushandisa zvakananga dhizaini data yeCAD muNC machining, kunyanya kubatana kweiyo microcomputer uye NC muchina chishandiso, chinoita kuti maitiro ese ekugadzira, kuronga kwemaitiro uye hurongwa kupedze pakombuta. , uye kazhinji haidi kuburitsa akakosha maitiro magwaro.

 

Parizvino, akawanda eCAD / CAM software mapakeji anopa otomatiki hurongwa hwekuita. Aya software anowanzo kuunza matambudziko akakodzera ekuronga kwemaitiro muchirongwa chechirongwa, sekusarudzwa kwezvishandiso, machining nzira kuronga, kucheka paramita kumisikidza, nezvimwe. Mugadziri anogona kugadzira otomatiki zvirongwa zveNC uye ozviendesa kuNC muchina chishandiso chekugadzirisa chero nguva. anoisa maparameter akakodzera.

 

Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa kwezvishandiso zvekucheka uye kutsunga kwekucheka ma paramita muNC machining kunopedzwa pasi pemamiriro ekudyidzana kwevanhu-kombuta, iyo iri mukupesana kwakanyanya neyakajairika muchina chishandiso machining. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodawo kuti vanogadzira mapurogiramu vagone misimboti yekusarudzwa kwezvishandiso uye kutsunga kwekucheka ma paramita, uye kunyatso funga maitiro eNC machining kana chirongwa.

 

I. mhando uye maitiro ezvinowanzo kucheka maturusi eCNC machining

 

NC machining maturusi anofanirwa kuenderana nehunhu hwekumhanya kwakanyanya, kushanda kwakanyanya uye yakakwira degree re automation yeCNC muchina maturusi, kazhinji anosanganisira maturusi epasirese, universal yekubatanidza maturusi ezvibatiso uye nhamba diki yezvibatiso zvakakosha. Chibatiso chekushandisa chinofanirwa kubatanidzwa kune chishandiso uye kuiswa pamusoro wesimba wemuchina chishandiso, saka chave chakamisikidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye serialized. Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa NC maturusi.

 

Zvichienderana nechimiro chemidziyo, inogona kukamurwa kuita:

 

① yakakosha mhando;

 

(2) inlaid type, iyo yakabatana newelding kana muchina clamp type. Machine clamp mhando inogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: non transposable type uye transposable type;

 

③ mhando dzakakosha, senge maturusi ekucheka maturusi, maturusi ekucheka maturusi, nezvimwe.

 

Zvinoenderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa kugadzira chishandiso, chinogona kukamurwa kuita:

 

① high speed simbi cutter;

 

② carbide tool;

 

③ mucheki wedhaimani;

 

④ maturusi ekucheka ezvimwe zvinhu, senge cubic boron nitride yekucheka maturusi, ceramic yekucheka maturusi, nezvimwe.

 

Iyo tekinoroji yekucheka inogona kukamurwa kuita:

 

① maturusi ekushandura, anosanganisira denderedzwa rekunze, gomba remukati, shinda, maturusi ekucheka, nezvimwe;

 

② maturusi ekuchera, anosanganisira drill, reamer, tap, nezvimwe;

 

③ mudziyo unofinha;

 

④ maturusi ekugaya, nezvimwe.

 

Kuti uenderane nezvinodiwa zveCNC muchina maturusi ekusimba kwechishandiso, kugadzikana, kugadzirisa nyore uye kuchinjika, mumakore achangopfuura, muchina wakasungirirwa indexable chishandiso chave kushandiswa zvakanyanya, kusvika 30% - 40% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hweCNC maturusi, uye huwandu hwekubvisa simbi hunoita 80% - 90% yehuwandu.

 

Kuenzaniswa nemakucheka anoshandiswa mune zvakajairika maturusi emuchina, CNC cutters ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinodiwa, kunyanya neanotevera maitiro:

 

(1) kunaka kuomarara (kunyanya rough yekucheka maturusi), yakanyanya kurongeka, kushomeka kwekudedera uye deformation yekupisa;

 

(2) kuchinjika kwakanaka, kwakanakira kukurumidza kuchinja chishandiso;

 

(3) hupenyu hwebasa repamusoro, yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika yekucheka kuita;

 

(4) saizi yechishandiso iri nyore kugadzirisa, kuitira kuti uderedze nguva yekugadzirisa yekuchinja kwechishandiso;

 

(5) mucheki achakwanisa kutyora kana kukungurutsa machipisi zvakavimbika kufambisa kubviswa kwechip;

 

(6) serialization uye kuenzanisa kufambisa hurongwa uye manejimendi ekushandisa.

 

II. Kusarudzwa kweNC machining maturusi

 

Kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yekucheka kunoitwa mumunhu-kombuta yekudyidzana mamiriro eNC programming. Chishandiso uye mubato uchasarudzwa nemazvo zvinoenderana nehukuru hwemachini echishandiso chemuchina, kuita kwechigadzirwa chebasa, maitiro ekugadzirisa, huwandu hwekucheka uye zvimwe zvakakosha. Nheyo yakajairika yekusarudza chishandiso ndeiyi: kuisirwa nyore uye kugadzirisa, kusimba kwakanaka, kusimba kwakanyanya uye nemazvo. Pachikonzero chekusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, edza kusarudza chibatiso chipfupi chekushandisa kuti uvandudze kuomarara kwechishandiso machining. Paunosarudza chimbo, ukuru hwechigadziro hunofanira kunge hwakakodzera hukuru hwepamusoro hwebasa rekushanda kuti rigadziriswe.

 

Mukugadzira, iyo yekupedzisira milling cutter inowanzoshandiswa kugadzirisa peripheral contour yezvikamu zvendege; kana kugaya zvikamu zvendege, iyo carbide blade milling cutter inofanira kusarudzwa; kana machining boss uye groove, iyo yakakwira-kumhanya simbi yekupedzisira milling cutter inofanira kusarudzwa; kana uchigadzira nzvimbo isina chinhu kana gomba remachining, mucheki wechibage ane carbide blade anogona kusarudzwa; kuitira kugadzirisa kwemamwe matatu-dimensional profile uye contour ine variable bevel angle, bhora musoro milling cutter uye ringing milling inowanzoshandiswa Cutter, taper cutter uye disc cutter. Mukuita kwemahara-fomu yepasi machining, nekuti iyo yekupedzisira yekucheka kumhanya kwebhora musoro wekucheka zero, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti machining iko, mutsara wekucheka mutsara unowanzo kutetepa, saka musoro webhora unowanzoshandiswa kupedzisa kwepamusoro. . Iyo flat head cutter yakakwirira kune iyo bhora musoro cutter mune yepamusoro machining mhando uye yekucheka kunyatsoita. Naizvozvo, iyo yakatsetseka yekucheka musoro inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvakasarudzika chero bedzi rough machining kana kupedzisa machining enzvimbo yakakomberedzwa yakavimbiswa.

 

Mukuwedzera, kusimba uye kururamisa kwekucheka zvishandiso zvine hukama hukuru nemutengo wekucheka zvishandiso. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, kazhinji, kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa chakanaka chekucheka kunowedzera mutengo wekucheka maturusi, asi mhedzisiro inogadziriswa yekugadzirisa kunaka uye kugona kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wese wekugadzirisa.

 

Munzvimbo yekugadzira, marudzi ese ezvishandiso akaiswa pamagazini yekushandisa, uye anogona kusarudza nekuchinja maturusi chero nguva zvichienderana nechirongwa. Naizvozvo, iyo yakajairwa chibatiso chekushandisa chinofanirwa kushandiswa kuitira kuti maturusi akajairwa ekuchera, kufinha, kuwedzera, kugaya uye mamwe maitiro anogona kukurumidza uye nemazvo kuisirwa pane spindle kana magazini yemuchina chishandiso. Mugadziri achaziva chimiro chechimiro, nzira yekugadziridza uye gadziriso yerudzi rwechibatiso chinoshandiswa pamuchina wemuchina, kuitira kuti aone iyo radial uye axial zviyero zvechishandiso kana chirongwa. Parizvino, TSG chishandiso system inoshandiswa mumachining nzvimbo muChina. Kune marudzi maviri ezvishandiso shanks: shank dzakatwasuka (zvitatu zvakatemwa) uye taper shanks (mana matsanangudzo), kusanganisira gumi nematanhatu emhando dzechishandiso chezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Mune ehupfumi NC machining, nekuti kukuya, kuyera uye kutsiva kwekucheka maturusi kunowanzoitwa nemaoko, izvo zvinotora nguva yakareba, saka zvinodikanwa kuronga kurongeka kwekucheka maturusi zvine musoro.

 

Kazhinji, mitemo inotevera inofanira kuteverwa:

 

① kuderedza huwandu hwezvishandiso;

 

② mushure mekunge chishandiso chavharirwa, zvikamu zvese zvemuchina zvachinokwanisa kuita zvichapedzwa;

 

③ maturusi ekukasharara uye ekupedzisira machining achashandiswa zvakasiyana, kunyangwe ayo ane saizi yakafanana uye yakatarwa;

 

④ kugaya kusati kwachera;

 

⑤ pedzisa pamusoro pekutanga, wozopedzisa maviri-dimensional contour;

 

⑥ kana zvichibvira, iyo otomatiki chishandiso chekushandura basa reCNC muchina maturusi anofanira kushandiswa kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.

 

III. kutsunga kwekucheka ma parameter eCNC machining

 

Nheyo yesarudzo inonzwisisika yekucheka maparamita ndeyekuti mukushata kwakashata, kugadzirwa kunowanzo kuvandudzwa, asi hupfumi uye machining mutengo unofanirwa kutariswa; mune semi-yakanaka machining uye kupedzisa, kucheka kunyatsoita, hupfumi uye mutengo wekugadzira unofanirwa kutariswa pane fungidziro yekuona machining mhando. Iko kukosha chaiko kunozotemerwa zvinoenderana nemuchina wekushandisa bhuku, yekucheka paramita bhuku uye ruzivo.

 

(1) kucheka kudzika t. Kana kuomarara kwechishandiso chemuchina, chishandiso uye chishandiso chakabvumidzwa, t yakaenzana nemvumo yekugadzira, iri chiyero chinoshanda chekuvandudza chibereko. Kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chekugadzira uye kushata kwepamusoro kwezvikamu, imwe muganho inofanirwa kuchengeterwa kupera. Mvumo yekupedzisa yeCNC maturusi emuchina anogona kunge akaderera zvishoma pane ayo akajairwa muchina maturusi.

 

(2) kucheka upamhi L. Kazhinji, l inonyatsoenderana nechombo dhayamita D uye inversely yakaenzana nekudzika kwekucheka. Muhupfumi NC machining, kukosha kwehuwandu hweL kazhinji L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) kucheka kukurumidza v. Kuwedzera V zvakare chiyero chekuvandudza kubereka, asi V yakabatana zvakanyanya nekusimba kwechishandiso. Nekuwedzera kweV, kusimba kwechishandiso kunoderera zvakanyanya, saka sarudzo yeV inonyanya kuenderana nekusimba kwechishandiso. Mukuwedzera, kukurumidza kwekucheka kunewo hukama hukuru nekugadzirisa zvinhu. Semuyenzaniso, pakugaya 30crni2mova nekupera milling cutter, V inogona kunge iri 8m / min; kana kugaya aluminium alloy ine imwechete yekupedzisira milling cutter, V inogona kupfuura 200m / min.

 

(4) spindle speed n (R / min). Kumhanya kwespindle kunowanzo kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekucheka kumhanya v. Iyo yekuverenga formula ndeye: apo D ndiyo dhayamita yechishandiso kana workpiece (mm). Kazhinji, iyo control panel yeCNC muchina maturusi akashongedzerwa ne spindle kumhanya gadziriso (yakawanda) switch, iyo inogona kugadzirisa iyo spindle kumhanya mukuita machining.

 

(5) iyo feed speed vfvfvf ichasarudzwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa machining uye kuoma kwepamusoro kwezvikamu pamwe chete nezvinhu zvezvishandiso uye workpieces. Kuwedzera kweVF kunogona zvakare kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira. Kana kushata kwepamusoro kwakadzikira, VF inogona kusarudzwa yakakura. Mukuita machining, VF inogonawo kugadziridzwa nemaoko kuburikidza neshanduko yekuchinja pane control panel yemuchina wemuchina, asi iyo yakanyanya kukurumidza yekudyisa inogumira nekuoma kwemidziyo uye kuita kweiyo feed system.