Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzirisa yeCNC muchina maturusi ane akawanda akafanana neaya ezvishandiso zvemuchina, asi maitiro ekugadzirisa zvikamu paCNC muchina maturusi akanyanya kuomarara kupfuura ayo ekugadzirisa zvikamu pamaturusi emuchina. Pamberi peCNC kugadzirisa, mafambiro emuchina chishandiso, maitiro ezvikamu, chimiro chechishandiso, huwandu hwekucheka, nzira yemidziyo, nezvimwe, inofanirwa kurongwa muchirongwa, izvo zvinoda kuti mugadziri ave nezvakawanda. -fambo ruzivo hwaro. A qualified programmer ndiye wekutanga qualified process staff. Zvikasadaro, hazvizogoneke kuti zvizere uye nekufunga kufunga nezvese maitiro ekugadzirisa chikamu uye nenzira kwayo uye zvine musoro kuunganidza chikamu chekugadzirisa chirongwa.
2.1 Zvikuru zvemukati zveCNC process process dhizaini
Paunenge uchigadzira iyo CNC machining process, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuitwa: kusarudzwa kweCNC machiningprocess yemukati, CNC machining process yekuongorora, uye dhizaini yeCNC machining process nzira.
2.1.1 Kusarudzwa kweCNC machining process content
Haasi ese maitirwo ekugadzirisa akakodzera CNC muchina maturusi, asi chikamu chemukati chemukati chinokodzera CNC kugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoda kunyatsoongorora maitiro echikamu chekudhirowa kuti usarudze zvirimo uye maitirwo akanyanya kukodzera uye anonyanya kudiwa pakugadzirisa CNC. Kana uchifunga nezve kusarudzwa kwemukati, inofanirwa kusanganiswa neiyo chaiyo michina yebhizinesi, zvichibva pakugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara, kukunda matambudziko akakosha, kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira, uye kupa kutamba kwakazara kune zvakanakira CNC kugadzirisa.
1. Zvinyorwa zvakakodzera CNC kugadzirisa
Pakusarudza, kurongeka kunotevera kunogona kutariswa kazhinji:
(1) Zviri mukati zvisinga gadziriswe nematurusi emuchina-chinangwa zvinofanirwa kupihwa pamberi; (2) Zviri mukati zvakaoma kugadzirisa nematurusi emuchina-chinangwa uye ane mhando yakaoma kuvimbisa zvinofanirwa kupihwa pekutanga; (3) Zviri mukati izvo zvisingakwanisi kugadzirisa nematurusi emuchina-chinangwa uye zvinoda kusimba kwekushanda kwemaoko zvinogona kusarudzwa kana CNC muchina maturusi achine kukwana kugadzirisa.
2. Zviri mukati zvisina kukodzera CNC kugadzirisa
Kazhinji kutaura, izvo zvataurwa pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvirimo zvichavandudzwa zvakanyanya maererano nemhando yechigadzirwa, kugona kwekugadzira, uye mabhenefiti akazara mushure mekugadzirisa CNC. Mukupesana, zvinotevera zvirimo hazvina kukodzera CNC kugadzirisa:
(1) Nguva refu yekugadzirisa muchina. Semuenzaniso, yekutanga yakanaka datum inogadziriswa neiyo rough datum yechinhu chisina chinhu, icho chinoda kurongeka kwechishandiso chakakosha;
(2) Zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvakapararira uye zvinoda kuiswa uye kuiswa pamavambo kakawanda. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinonetsa kushandisa CNC kugadzirisa, uye mhedzisiro yacho haisi pachena. Zvishandiso zvemuchina zvakajairika zvinogona kurongerwa kuti zvigadziriswe;
(3) Iyo mbiri yepasi inogadziriswa zvinoenderana neimwe chaiyo kugadzira hwaro (senge matemplate, nezvimwewo). Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti zvakaoma kuwana data, izvo zviri nyore kupesana nenheyo yekuongorora, kuwedzera kuoma kwekugadzirisa purogiramu.
Mukuwedzera, pakusarudza nekusarudza zvinyorwa zvekugadzirisa, tinofanirawo kufunga nezvekugadzira batch, kutenderera kwekugadzirwa, kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa, nezvimwewo. Isu tinofanirwa kudzivirira CNC muchina maturusi kubva pakudzikiswa kusvika kune zvakajairika-chinangwa muchina maturusi.
2.1.2 Ongororo yeCNC machining process
Iyo CNC machining processability yezvikamu zvakagadziriswa zvinosanganisira nyaya dzakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinotevera musanganiswa wekugona uye kurerukira kwechirongwa. Zvimwe zvezvakakosha zvemukati zvinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuongororwa zvinokurudzirwa.
1. Dimensioning inofanirwa kuenderana nehunhu hweCNC machining. Muchirongwa cheCNC, hukuru uye zvinzvimbo zvemapoinzi ese, mitsetse, uye nzvimbo dzakabva pane hurongwa hwekutanga. Naizvozvo, zvakanakisa kupa zvakananga zviyero pachikamu chekudhirowa kana kuedza kushandisa chirevo chimwe chete kutsanangura zviyero.
2. Mamiriro ezvinhu ejometri anofanira kunge akakwana uye akarurama.
Mukuunganidzwa kwechirongwa, vanogadzira zvirongwa vanofanirwa kunyatsonzwisisa maparamendi ezvimiro zvejometri zvinoumba chikamu che contour uye hukama pakati pechinhu chimwe nechimwe chejometri. Nekuti zvese geometric zvinhu zvechikamu contour zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa panguva yeotomatiki hurongwa, uye marongero eimwe neimwe node anofanirwa kuverengerwa panguva yemanyorero hurongwa. Hazvina mhosva kuti ndeipi poindi isina kujeka kana isina chokwadi, chirongwa hachigone kuitwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekufunga kana kuregeredzwa nevagadziri vechikamu panguva yekugadzira, isina kukwana kana isina kujeka paramita inowanzoitika, senge iyo arc iri tangent kumutsara wakatwasuka kana kuti arc iri tangent kune arc kana kupindirana kana kuparadzaniswa. . Naizvozvo, kana uchiongorora uye kuongorora madhirowa, zvinodikanwa kuverenga nekungwarira uye kubata mugadziri nekukurumidza kana zvichibvira kana matambudziko awanikwa.
3. The positioning reference yakavimbika
MuCNC machining, maitiro emuchina anowanzo kutariswa, uye kumira nereferensi imwechete kwakakosha. Naizvozvo, kazhinji zvinodikanwa kuseta mamwe mareferenzi ebetsero kana kuwedzera mamwe mabhosi maitiro pane isina chinhu. Kune chikamu chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.1a, kuitira kuti uwedzere kugadzikana kwekuisa, mutungamiri wekugadzirisa anogona kuwedzerwa pasi, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.1b. Ichabviswa mushure mekunge nzira yekumisa yapera.
4. Yakabatana geometry uye saizi:
Zvakanakisa kushandisa yakabatana geometry uye saizi yechimiro uye yemukati mhango yezvikamu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwekuchinja kwechishandiso. Kudzora zvirongwa kana zvirongwa zvakakosha zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kupfupisa kureba kwechirongwa. Chimiro chezvikamu chinofanira kunge chakaenzana sezvinobvira kufambisa hurongwa uchishandisa girazi rekugadzirisa basa reCNC muchina chishandiso kuchengetedza nguva yekuronga.
2.1.3 Dhizaini yeCNC Machining process Route
Musiyano mukuru pakati peCNC machining process nzira dhizaini uye general muchina chishandiso machining process dhizaini dhizaini ndeyekuti kazhinji haireve kune iyo yese maitiro kubva payakavhurika kusvika kune yapera chigadzirwa, asi chete tsananguro chaiyo yemaitiro akati wandei CNC machining maitiro. Naizvozvo, mukugadzira nzira dhizaini, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti sezvo CNC machining maitiro achiwanzo kupindirana mukuita kwese kwechikamu machining, anofanirwa kuve akabatana nemamwe machining maitiro.
Iyo yakajairika nzira yekuyerera inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.2.
Izvi zvinotevera nyaya dzinofanirwa kucherechedzwa mukugadzirwa kweiyo CNC machining process nzira:
1. Kuparadzaniswa kwemaitiro
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hweCNC machining, kupatsanurwa kweiyo CNC machining process kazhinji inogona kuitwa nenzira dzinotevera:
(1) Kuiswa kumwe uye kugadzirisa kunoonekwa seimwe nzira. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kune zvikamu zvine zvishoma zvekugadzirisa zvemukati, uye ivo vanogona kusvika kune yekuongorora mamiriro mushure mekugadzirisa. (2) Govanisa maitiro nezviri mukati meiyo imwe chete chishandiso kugadzirisa. Kunyangwe zvimwe zvikamu zvichigona kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakawanda kuti dzigadziriswe mukuiswa kumwe, tichifunga kuti chirongwa chakareba, pachave nezvimwe zvirambidzo, senge kudzikiswa kweiyo control system (kunyanya ndangariro simba), kudzikisira kwekuenderera kwekushanda nguva. yemuchina wemuchina (zvakadai senzira haigone kupedzwa mukati meimwe basa rekushanda), nezvimwewo, zvakare, chirongwa chakareba kwazvo chichawedzera kuoma kwekukanganisa uye kudzoreredza. Nokudaro, purogiramu haifaniri kunge yakareba, uye zvinyorwa zveimwe nzira hazvifaniri kunge zvakanyanyisa.
(3) Gurai nzira yacho nechikamu chekugadzirisa. Kune ma workpiece ane akawanda ekugadzirisa zviri mukati, chikamu chekugadzirisa chinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvichienderana nechimiro chayo chemukati, chimiro chekunze, chakakombama, kana ndege, uye kugadzirisa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kunoonekwa sechinhu chimwe chete.
(4) Gurai nzira yacho nekukasira uye kwakanaka. Kune maworkpieces anowanzoita deformation mushure mekugadziriswa, sezvo deformation inogona kuitika mushure mekuita hutsinye inoda kugadziridzwa, kazhinji kutaura, maitiro eakaomarara uye akanaka anofanirwa kupatsanurwa.
2. Kurongeka kurongeka Kurongeka kwekutevedzana kunofanirwa kutariswa zvichienderana nechimiro chezvikamu uye mamiriro ezvivharo, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvekuisa, kuisa, uye clamping. Kurongeka kwekutevedzana kunofanirwa kuitwa kazhinji zvichienderana nemisimboti inotevera:
(1) Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekare hakugone kukanganisa kumira uye kusungirirwa kweinotevera maitiro, uye yakajairika muchina maturusi ekugadzirisa maitiro akapindirwa nepakati anofanirwawo kutariswa zvakazara;
(2) Iyo yemukati mhango yekugadzirisa inofanira kuitwa kutanga, uyezve yekunze chimiro kugadzirisa; (3) Maitiro ekugadziridza ane imwecheteyo yekumisikidza uye yekurovera nzira kana nechombo chimwe chete inonyatso gadziriswa nguva nenguva kudzikisa huwandu hwekudzokororwa chinzvimbo, shanduko yezvishandiso, uye maplaten mafambiro;
3. Kubatana pakati peCNC machining tekinoroji uye zvakajairika maitiro.
CNC machining maitiro anowanzo kupindirana nemamwe akajairwa machining maitiro pamberi uye mushure. Kana kubatana kusina kunaka, kukakavara kunogona kuitika. Naizvozvo, tichiziva nezvese machining process, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, machining zvinangwa, uye machining maitiro eCNC machining maitiro uye akajairwa machining maitiro, sekunge kusiya machining mvumo uye kuti ingani yekusiya; iyo yechokwadi zvinodiwa uye chimiro uye chinzvimbo kushivirira kwenzvimbo yekumisikidza nemakomba; zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzirisa chimiro; mamiriro ekupisa ekurapa kwechinhu chisina chinhu, nezvimwewo. Nenzira iyi chete nzira imwe neimwe inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, zvinangwa zvehutano uye zvinodiwa zvehutano zvakajeka, uye pane chikonzero chekupa uye kugamuchirwa.
2.2 CNC machining process dhizaini nzira
Mushure mekusarudza iyo CNC machining process yemukati uye kuona zvikamu zvekugadzirisa nzira, iyo CNC machining process dhizaini inogona kuitwa. Basa guru reiyo CNC machining process dhizaini nderekuenderera mberi nekuona iyo yekugadzirisa zvirimo, kucheka huwandu, mashandiro emidziyo, chinzvimbo uye nzira yekumisa, uye nzira yekufamba kwechishandiso chechiitiko ichi kuitira kugadzirira kuunganidzwa kwechirongwa chekugadzira.
2.2.1 Sarudza nzira yekushandisa uye kuronga kutevedzana kwekugadzirisa
Nzira yezvishandiso ndiyo nzira yekufambisa yemudziyo mune yose yekugadzirisa. Izvo hazvisanganisi chete zviri mukati danho rebasa asiwo rinoratidza kurongeka kwedanho rebasa. Nzira yekushandisa ndiyo imwe yemabhesi ekunyora zvirongwa. Aya mapoinzi anotevera anofanirwa kucherechedzwa pakusarudza nzira yekushandisa:
1. Tsvaga nzira pfupi yekugadzirisa, yakadai sehomba system pane chikamu chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo wekugadzirisa 2.3a. Nzira yezvishandiso yemufananidzo 2.3b ndeyekugadzirisa buri redenderedzwa rekunze kutanga kozoita buri remukati redenderedzwa. Kana iyo nzira yezvishandiso yeMufananidzo 2.3c ikashandiswa pachinzvimbo, iyo isina basa nguva yekushandisa inoderedzwa, uye nguva yekumisikidza inogona kuchengetedzwa neinoda hafu, iyo inovandudza kugadzirisa kushanda.
2. Iyo yekupedzisira contour inopedzwa mune imwe pass
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuomarara kweiyo workpiece contour surface mushure mekugadzira, iyo yekupedzisira contour inofanirwa kurongeka kuti irambe ichigadzirwa mukupfuura kwekupedzisira.
Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.4a, iyo nzira yekushandisa yekugadzira mukati memukati nekucheka kwemutsara, iyi nzira yekushandisa inogona kubvisa zvese zvakawandisa mukati memukati memhango, ichisiya isina kona yakafa uye pasina kukuvara kune contour. Zvisinei, nzira yekucheka-mutsara ichasiya yakasara kureba pakati pekutanga uye kuguma kwemaviri maviri, uye iyo inodiwa pamusoro roughness haigone kuwanikwa. Nokudaro, kana nzira yezvishandiso yeMufananidzo 2.4b yakagamuchirwa, nzira yekucheka-mutsara inoshandiswa kutanga, uye ipapo kucheka kwechitenderedzwa kunoitwa kuti iite kuti contour surface, inogona kuwana migumisiro iri nani. Mufananidzo 2.4c zvakare iri nani nzira yekushandisa nzira.
3. Sarudza nzira yekupinda uye kubuda
Paunenge uchifunga nezvekupinda nekubuda kwechishandiso (kucheka mukati nekubuda) nzira, kucheka kwechokushandisa kana nzvimbo yekupinda kunofanirwa kunge kuri pane tangent pamwe nechikamu contour kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsikirira workpiece contour; kudzivisa kukwenya workpiece pamusoro nekucheka vertically kumusoro uye pasi pamusoro workpiece contour pamusoro; kuderedza kumira panguva yekugadzira contour machining (elastic deformation inokonzerwa nekungoerekana yachinja mukucheka simba) kudzivirira kusiya maturusi mamaki, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.5.
Mufananidzo 2.5 Kuwedzerwa kwechishandiso kana uchicheka mukati nekubuda
4. Sarudza nzira inoderedza deformation ye workpiece mushure mekugadzirisa
Kune zvikamu zvakatetepa kana zvitete zvimedu zveplate zvine nzvimbo diki dzemuchinjiko, nzira yezvishandiso inofanirwa kurongeka nemuchina kusvika kuhukuru hwekupedzisira mumapasi akati wandei kana nekubvisa symmetrically kubvumidzwa. Paunenge uchironga matanho ekushanda, matanho ekushanda anokonzera kukanganisa kuderera kwekuoma kwe workpiece inofanira kurongwa kutanga.
2.2.2 Sarudzai yekumisikidza nekugadzirisa mhinduro
Pakusarudza iyo yekumisikidza uye clamping chirongwa, zvinotevera nyaya dzinofanirwa kucherechedzwa:
(1) Edza kubatanidza hwaro hwekugadzira, hwaro hwekuita, uye hurongwa hwekuverenga hwaro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira; (2) Edza kutarisisa maitiro, kuderedza huwandu hwenguva dzekusunga, uye kugadzirisa ese maficha kuti agadziriswe mukati.
Imwe clamping zvakanyanya sezvinobvira; (3) Dzivisa kushandisa clamping zvirongwa zvinotora nguva yakareba yekugadzirisa manyore;
(4) Iyo poindi yekuita kweiyo clamping simba inofanira kuwira pachikamu nekuoma kuri nani kweiyo workpiece.
Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.6a, iyo axial rigidity yeshati yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa iri nani pane iyo radial rigidity. Kana iyo clamping claw inoshandiswa kune radial clamping, iyo workpiece inozokanganisa zvakanyanya. Kana iyo clamping force ikashandiswa pamwe neaxial direction, iyo deformation ichave idiki zvakanyanya. Pakusunga bhokisi rakatetepa-rine madziro rinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.6b, simba rekusunga harifanire kushanda pamusoro pebhokisi asi pamucheto weconvex nekusimba kuri nani kana kuchinjika kuita matatu-point clamping pamusoro kushandura nzvimbo ye. nzvimbo yekumanikidza kuderedza clamping deformation, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.6c.
Mufananidzo 2.6 Hukama pakati pe clamping simba application point uye clamping deformation
2.2.3 Sarudza nzvimbo yakabatana yechishandiso uye workpiece
Kune CNC maturusi emuchina, zvakakosha kwazvo kuona nzvimbo yakaenzana yechishandiso uye workpiece pakutanga kwekugadzirisa. Ichi chinzvimbo chinowanikwa nekusimbisa nzvimbo yekumisikidza chombo. Nzvimbo yekumisikidza yezvishandiso inoreva nzvimbo yereferensi yekuona nzvimbo yakabatana yechishandiso uye workpiece kuburikidza neturusi kuseta. Nzvimbo yekumisikidza yekushandisa inogona kusetwa pachikamu chiri kugadziridzwa kana pachinzvimbo pane chigadziriso chine humwe hukama saizi nechikamu chekumisikidza referensi. Nzvimbo yekugadzika kwechishandiso inowanzosarudzwa pakutangira kwechikamu. Nheyo dzekusarudza
Yenzvimbo yekumisikidza maturusi ndeaya anotevera: (1) Iyo yakasarudzwa yekushandisa yekumisikidza poindi inofanirwa kuita kuti chirongwa chekubatanidza chive nyore;
(2) Nzvimbo yekumisikidza yekushandisa inofanirwa kusarudzwa pachinzvimbo chiri nyore kurongedza uye chiri nyore kuona kwainobva kugadzirisa kwechikamu;
(3) Nzvimbo yekumisikidza yekushandisa inofanirwa kusarudzwa panzvimbo iri nyore uye yakavimbika kutarisa panguva yekugadzirisa;
(4) Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekumisikidza chishandiso kunofanirwa kuve kwakanakira kugadzirisa iko kurongeka.
Semuenzaniso, paunenge uchigadzira chikamu chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.7, paunenge uchigadzira chirongwa cheCNC chekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nenzira yakaratidzwa, sarudza mharadzano yepakati mutsara wepini yecylindrical yechinhu chekuisa chinzvimbo uye ndege yekumisikidza A sechigadziriso chekushandisa. point. Zviripachena, iyo yekushandisa yekumisikidza poindi pano zvakare ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirisa.
Paunenge uchishandisa chishandiso chekumisikidza kuti uone kwakabva machining, "tool setting" inodiwa. Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti tool setting inoreva kushanda kwekuita kuti "tool position point" ienderane ne "tool setting point." Radhiyasi uye kureba zviyero zvechishandiso chimwe nechimwe zvakasiyana. Mushure mekunge chishandiso chaiswa pamushini wemuchina, nzvimbo yekutanga yechishandiso inofanira kuiswa muhurongwa hwekutonga. Iyo "tool position point" inoreva nzvimbo yekumisikidzwa kwechishandiso. Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.8, nzvimbo yemudziyo we-cylindrical milling cutter ndiyo mharadzano yemutsara wepakati pechishandiso uye pasi pechishandiso; chigadziro chenzvimbo yebhora-yekupedzisira milling cutter ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati yemusoro webhora kana vertex yemusoro webhora; nzvimbo yemudziyo wemudziyo wekutendeutsa ndiyo muromo weturusi kana pakati peiyo tooltip arc; mudziyo wenzvimbo yekubooresa ndiyo vertex yechibooreso. Iyo nzira yekumisikidza maturusi emhando dzakasiyana dzeCNC muchina maturusi haana kunyatsofanana, uye izvi zvirimo zvichakurukurwa zvakasiyana pamwe chete nemhando dzakasiyana dzematurusi emuchina.
Maturusi ekuchinja mapoinzi akaisirwa maturusi emuchina senge machining nzvimbo uye CNC lathes anoshandisa akawanda maturusi ekugadzirisa nekuti aya maturusi emuchina anoda kushandura otomatiki maturusi panguva yekugadzirisa. Kune CNC milling machine ine manual tool shanduko, iyo inoenderana neturusi shanduko chinzvimbo inofanirawo kutariswa. Kuti udzivise kukuvadzwa kwezvikamu, maturusi, kana zvigadziriso panguva yekuchinja kwechishandiso, maturusi ekuchinja mapoinzi anowanzo kuiswa kunze kweiyo contour yezvikamu zvakagadziriswa, uye imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza inosara.
2.2.4 Sarudza zvidimbu zvekucheka
Kune inoshanda simbi-yekucheka muchina chishandiso kugadzirisa, zvinhu zviri kugadziriswa, yekucheka chishandiso, uye huwandu hwekucheka ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvitatu. Aya mamiriro anosarudza nguva yekugadzirisa, hupenyu hwechishandiso, uye kunaka kwekugadzirisa. Nzira dzehupfumi uye dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa dzinoda sarudzo inonzwisisika yekucheka mamiriro.
Paunenge uchitarisa huwandu hwekucheka kwega rega rega, vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanofanirwa kusarudza zvinoenderana nekusimba kwechishandiso uye zvakapihwa mumuchina wekushandisa bhuku. Huwandu hwekucheka hunogonawo kutsanangurwa nekuenzanisa kunoenderana neruzivo chairwo. Paunenge uchisarudza huwandu hwekucheka, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chakazara kuti chishandiso chinogona kugadzirisa chikamu kana kuve nechokwadi kuti kusimba kwechishandiso hakusi pasi peimwe yekuchinja kwekushanda, ingangoita isingasviki hafu yekuchinja kwebasa. Nhamba yekucheka kumashure inonyanya kuderedzwa nekuoma kwechigadzirwa chemuchina. Kana kuomarara kwechishandiso chemuchina kuchibvumira, iyo yekucheka-kumashure huwandu hunofanirwa kuenzana nemvumo yekugadziriswa kweiyo nzira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuti uderedze huwandu hwekupfuura uye nekuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa. Kune zvikamu zvine hutsinye hwepamusoro uye zvinodiwa, zvakakwana kupedzisa kubvumidzwa kunofanirwa kusiiwa. Mvumo yekupedzisa yeCNC machining inogona kuve idiki pane iyo yeyakajairwa muchina chishandiso machining.
Kana vagadziri vanosarudza maparamendi ekucheka, ivo vanofanirwa kufunga nezve workpiece zvinhu, kuomarara, kucheka nyika, kudzika-kucheka kudzika, chiyero chekudya, uye kusimba kwechishandiso, uye pakupedzisira, sarudza yakakodzera kucheka kumhanya. Tafura 2.1 ndiyo data rengedzo yekusarudza mamiriro ekucheka panguva yekutendeuka.
Tafura 2.1 Kucheka kumhanya kwekutendeuka (m/min)
| Zita rekucheka zvinhu | Light Kucheka | Kazhinji, kucheka | Kucheka kunorema | ||
| High-quality carbon structural simbi | Gumi# | 100 kusvika 250 | 150 kusvika ku250 | 80 kusvika 220 | |
| 45 # | 60 kusvika 230 | 70 kusvika 220 | 80 kusvika 180 | ||
| alloy simbi | σ b ≤750MPa | 100 ～ 220 | 100 ～ 230 | 70 kusvika 220 | |
| σ b > 750MPa | 70 kusvika 220 | 80 kusvika 220 | 80 kusvika 200 | ||
2.3 Zadza muCNC machining magwaro ehunyanzvi
Kuzadza akakosha magwaro ehunyanzvi eCNC machining ndechimwe chezviri mukati meiyo CNC machining process dhizaini. Aya magwaro ehunyanzvi haasi iwo chete hwaro hweCNC machining uye kugamuchirwa kwechigadzirwa asiwo maitiro ayo vashandisi vanofanirwa kutevedzera nekuita. Iwo magwaro ehunyanzvi ndiwo mirairo chaiyo yeCNC machining, uye chinangwa chavo ndechekuita kuti mushandisi ajekese nezve zviri mukati mechirongwa chekugadzira, nzira yekuvhara, maturusi anosarudzwa kune yega machining chikamu, uye dzimwe nyaya dzehunyanzvi. Iwo makuru eCNC machining technical zvinyorwa anosanganisira iyo CNC programming task book, workpiece installation, origin setting card, CNC machining process card, CNC machining tool nzira mepu, CNC tool card, etc. Izvi zvinotevera zvinopa mafaera akajairwa, uye mafomati efaira anogona kuva yakagadzirirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo ebhizinesi.
2.3.1 CNC programming task book Inotsanangura zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi uye tsananguro yemaitiro evashandi veCNC machining process, pamwe nemvumo yekugadzira iyo inofanirwa kuvimbiswa pamberi peCNC machining. Icho chimwe chezvigadziko zvakakosha zvevagadziri uye vashandi vekugadzirisa kushanda uye kuunganidza mapurogiramu eCNC; ona Table 2.2 yeruzivo.
Tafura 2.2 NC chirongwa chebasa bhuku
| Process Department | CNC chirongwa chebasa bhuku | Product Parts Drawing Number | Mission Nha. | ||||||||
| Zvikamu Zita | |||||||||||
| Shandisa CNC midziyo | common Peji Peji | ||||||||||
| Main process tsananguro uye tekinoroji zvinodiwa: | |||||||||||
| Chirongwa chakagamuchirwa zuva | zuva remwedzi | Munhu ari kutonga | |||||||||
| yakagadzirirwa na | Audit | programming | Audit | bvumira | |||||||
2.3.2 Iyo CNC machining workpiece yekumisikidza uye kwekutanga kuseta kadhi (inonzi dhiyabhorosi dhayagiramu uye chikamu chekumisikidza kadhi)
Inofanirwa kuratidza iyo CNC machining mabviro ekumisikidza nzira uye clamping nzira, iyo machining mabviro ekumisikidza chinzvimbo uye kuronga kutungamira, zita nenhamba yechigadziriso chakashandiswa, nezvimwewo. Ona Tafura 2.3 yeruzivo.
Tafura 2.3 Workpiece yekuisa uye yekutanga kuseta kadhi
| Chikamu Nhamba | J30102-4 | CNC machining workpiece kuisirwa uye kwekutanga kuseta kadhi | Maitiro Nha. | ||||
| Zvikamu Zita | Planet carrier | Nhamba ye clamping | |||||
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| 3 | Trapezoidal slots mabhaudhi | ||||||
| 2 | Pressure plate | ||||||
| 1 | Boring uye milling fixture ndiro | GS53-61 | |||||
| Yakagadzirirwa na (zuva) yakaongororwa ne (zuva) | Yakatenderwa (zuva) | Page | |||||
| Total Mapeji | Siriyero nhamba | Fixture Name | Fixture drawing number | ||||
2.3.3 CNC machining process kadhi
Pane zvakawanda zvakafanana pakatiCNC machining processmakadhi uye akajairwa machining process makadhi. Musiyano ndewekuti mavambo ehurongwa uye nzvimbo yekumisikidza chishandiso inofanira kuratidzwa mudhiyagiramu yemaitiro, uye tsananguro pfupi yehurongwa (senge muchina chishandiso modhi, nhamba yechirongwa, muripo weradius yemuripo, girazi symmetry kugadzirisa nzira, nezvimwewo) uye kucheka paramita ( kureva, kumhanya kwespindle, chiyero chekudya, huwandu hwekucheka kumashure kana hupamhi, nezvimwewo) inofanira kusarudzwa. Ona Tafura 2.4 yeruzivo.
Tafura 2.4CNCMachining process card
| unit | CNC machining process kadhi | Zita rechigadzirwa kana kodhi | Zvikamu Zita | Chikamu Nhamba | ||||||||||
| Process diagram | motokari pakati | Shandisa midziyo | ||||||||||||
| Maitiro Nha. | Nhamba yepurogiramu | |||||||||||||
| Fixture Name | Fixture Nha. | |||||||||||||
| Nhanho Nha. | work step do Industry | Processing pamusoro | Tool Aihwa. | kugadzira banga | Spindle speed | Feed speed | Back | Remark | ||||||
| yakagadzirirwa na | Audit | bvumira | Gore Mwedzi Zuva | common Page | Kwete Peji | |||||||||
2.3.4 CNC machining nzira yedhiyagiramu
MuCNC machining, zvinowanzo fanira kutarisisa uye kudzivirira chishandiso kubva netsaona nekubonderana negadziriso kana workpiece panguva yekufamba. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti uedze kuudza mushandisi nezve nzira yekufambisa chishandiso muchirongwa (senge pekucheka, pekusimudza chishandiso, kwekucheka zvisingaite, nezvimwewo). Kuti urerutsa dhiyagiramu yenzira yezvishandiso, zvinowanzogoneka kushandisa zviratidzo zvakabatana uye zvakabvumiranwa kuimiririra. Maturusi emuchina akasiyana anogona kushandisa ngano dzakasiyana uye mafomati. Tafura 2.5 chimiro chinowanzoshandiswa.
Tafura 2.5 CNC machining nzira yedhiyagiramu
| CNC machining chishandiso nzira mepu | Chikamu Nhamba | NC01 | Maitiro Nha. | Nhanho Nha. | Nhamba yepurogiramu | O 100 | ||||
| Machine model | XK5032 | Chikamu nhamba | N10 ～ N170 | Kugadzirisa zvemukati | Milling contour perimeter | Yese peji 1 | Kwete Peji | |||
 | ||||||||||
| programming | ||||||||||
| Kuongorora | ||||||||||
| Mvumo | ||||||||||
| chiratidzo | ||||||||||
| zvinoreva | Simudza banga | Cheka | Mabviro epurogiramu | Cutting point | Kucheka nzira | Kucheka mutsara mharadzano | Kukwira mutsetse | Reaming | Kucheka mutsara | |
2.3.5 CNC mudziyo kadhi
Munguva yeCNC machining, izvo zvinodikanwa zvezvishandiso zvakanyanya kuomarara. Kazhinji, iyo dhayamita yemudziyo uye kureba inofanirwa kufanogadziriswa pane chishandiso chekumisikidza chiridzwa kunze kwemuchina. Kadhi rekushandisa rinoratidza nhamba yezvishandiso, chimiro chezvishandiso, magadzirirwo emuswe wemuswe, kodhi yezita regungano, blade modhi uye zvinhu, nezvimwe. Ndiyo hwaro hwekuunganidza nekugadzirisa maturusi. Ona Tafura 2.6 yeruzivo.
Tafura 2.6 CNC chishandiso kadhi
| Chikamu Nhamba | J30102-4 | nhamba kudzora banga Tool Card chidimbu | Shandisa midziyo | |||||
| Zita remudziyo | Boring tool | TC-30 | ||||||
| Tool number | T13006 | Tool kuchinja nzira | otomatiki | Nhamba yepurogiramu | ||||
| banga Tool Group kuva | Siriyero nhamba | siriyero nhamba | Zita remudziyo | Tsanangudzo | quantity | Remark | ||
| 1 | T013960 | Dhonza chipikiri | 1 | |||||
| 2 | 390, 140-5050027 | Bata | 1 | |||||
| 3 | 391, 01-5050100 | Extension rod | Φ50×100 | 1 | ||||
| 4 | 391, 68-03650 085 | Boring bar | 1 | |||||
| 5 | R416.3-122053 25 | Boring cutter components | Φ41-Φ53 | 1 | ||||
| 6 | TCMM110208-52 | blade | 1 | |||||
| 7 | 2 | GC435 | ||||||
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| Remark | ||||||||
| yakagadzirirwa na | Kuongorora | bvumira | Total Mapeji | Page | ||||
Maturusi emuchina akasiyana kana akasiyana magadzirirwo angangoda mafomu akasiyana eCNC kugadzirisa akakosha ehunyanzvi mafaira. Mukushanda, faira yefaira inogona kugadzirwa maererano nemamiriro chaiwo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-07-2024