Angle milling cutters anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira zvidiki zvakarerekera nzvimbo uye chaiyo zvikamu mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Ivo vanonyanya kushanda kumabasa akadai sechamfering uye deburring workpieces.
Iko kushandiswa kwekugadzira angle milling cutters kunogona kutsanangurwa kuburikidza ne trigonometric misimboti. Pazasi, tinopa mienzaniso yakati wandei yekuronga kweakajairwa CNC masisitimu.
1. Nhanganyaya
Mukugadzira chaiko, kazhinji zvinodikanwa kutenderedza mipendero uye makona ezvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pachishandiswa nzira nhatu dzekugadzirisa: end mill layer programming, ball cutter surface programming, kana angle milling cutter contour programming. Nekupedzisa mill layer programming, iyo yetipi yekushandisa inoita kupera simba nekukasira, zvichitungamira kune yakaderedzwa yehupenyu hwekushandisa [1]. Kune rimwe divi, bhora rekucheka pamusoro pehurongwa harisi kunyatsoshanda, uye ese ari maviri ekupedzisira chigayo uye nzira dzekucheka bhora zvinoda manual macro programming, inoda imwe nhanho yehunyanzvi kubva kune anoshanda.
Mukupesana, angle milling cutter contour programming inongoda kugadziridzwa kune kureba kwechishandiso muripo uye radius muripo wetsika mukati mechirongwa chekupedzisa contour. Izvi zvinogadzira angle milling cutter contour programming nzira inoshanda zvakanyanya pakati pevatatu. Nekudaro, vashandisi vanowanzo vimba nekucheka kwekuyedza kugadzirisa chishandiso. Ivo vanosarudza kureba kwechishandiso vachishandisa Z-direction workpiece yekucheka nzira mushure mekutora dhayamita rekushandisa. Iyi nzira inongoshanda kune chimwe chigadzirwa, ichida kudzokorora kana uchinjira kune chimwe chigadzirwa. Saka, pane kudiwa kwakajeka kwekuvandudzwa mune zvese zviri zviviri chishandiso calibration maitiro uye maitiro ehurongwa.
2. Nhanganyaya yezvinowanzo shandiswa kuumba angled milling cutters
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza yakasanganiswa carbide chamfering chishandiso, icho chinowanzo shandiswa kudhiza uye chamfer mipendero yezvikamu. Zvinoenderana ne60 °, 90 ° uye 120 °.
Mufananidzo 1: One-piece carbide chamfering cutter
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza yakasanganiswa angle end mill, iyo inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira diki conical nzvimbo ine yakagadziriswa makona muzvikamu zvinosangana zvezvikamu. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa tip angle angle iri pasi pe30 °.
Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza hombe-diameter angle milling cutter ine indexable inoisa, iyo inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira yakakura yakarerekera nzvimbo yezvikamu. Iyo tepi yekunongedza kona ndeye 15 ° kusvika 75 ° uye inogona kugadzirwa.
3. Sarudza nzira yekuisa chombo
Iwo matatu marudzi ezvishandiso ataurwa pamusoro anoshandisa pasi pechishandiso senzvimbo yereferensi yekuseta. Iyo Z-axis inogadzwa sezero poindi pamushini wemuchina. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza preset chishandiso chekumisikidza nzvimbo munzira yeZ.
Iyi nzira yekumisikidza chishandiso inobatsira kuchengetedza kuenderana kureba kwechishandiso mukati memuchina, kuderedza kusiyanisa uye zvingangoita zvikanganiso zvevanhu zvine chekuita nekucheka kwekuyedza kweiyo workpiece.
4. Kuongorora Nheyo
Kucheka kunosanganisira kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakasara kubva paworkpiece kugadzira machipisi, zvichikonzera chidimbu chebasa chine chimiro chakatsanangurwa chejometri, saizi, uye kupera kwepamusoro. Nhanho yekutanga mukuita machining ndeyekuona kuti chishandiso chinopindirana nechokushandisa nenzira yakarongwa, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 5.
Mufananidzo 5 Chamfering cutter inosangana neiyo workpiece
Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza kuti kugonesa chishandiso kuti chibatane neiyo workpiece, imwe nzvimbo inofanirwa kupihwa kune chekushandisa tipi. Ichi chinzvimbo chinomiririrwa neakachinjika uye akatwasuka makongisheni mundege, pamwe nedhayamita remudziyo uye Z-axis coordinate panzvimbo yekubata.
Kuparara kwedimensional yechamfering tool inosangana nechikamu inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6. Point A inoratidza nzvimbo inodiwa. Kureba kwemutsara BC kunodomwa seLBC, ukuwo kureba kwemutsara AB kuchinzi LAB. Pano, LAB inomiririra Z-axis kurongeka kwechishandiso, uye LBC inoreva radius yechishandiso panzvimbo yekusangana.
Mukuita machining, chishandiso chekubata radius kana yayo Z coordination inogona kugadzikwa pekutanga. Tichifunga kuti iyo tepi yekona yekumisikidza yakagadziriswa, kuziva imwe yeyakagadzikwa tsika inobvumira kuverenga kweimwe uchishandisa trigonometric misimboti [3]. Maformula ndeaya anotevera: LBC = LAB * tan (chokushandisa tip angle/2) uye LAB = LBC / tan(chokushandisa tip angle/2).
Semuyenzaniso, tichishandisa imwe-chidimbu carbide chamfering cutter, kana tikafungidzira kuti Z coordination ndeye -2, tinogona kuona radii yekusangana yezvishandiso zvitatu zvakasiyana: iyo yekubata radius ye60 ° chamfering cutter ndeye 2 * tan (30 ° ) = 1.155 mm, pa90° chemferring cutter i2 * tan(45°) = 2 mm, uye ye120° chamfering cutter iri 2 * tan(60°) = 3.464 mm.
Sezvineiwo, kana isu tikafunga kuti chishandiso chekubata radius i 4.5 mm, tinogona kuverenga maZ maratidziro ezvishandiso zvitatu: iyo Z coordination ye60 ° chamfer milling cutter ndeye 4.5 / tan (30 °) = 7.794, ye90 ° chamfer. milling cutter ndeye 4.5 / tan(45°) = 4.5, uye ye120° chamfer milling. cutter iri 4.5 / tan (60 °) = 2.598.
Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza kuparara kwedimensional yeimwe-chidimbu kona yekupedzisira mill inosangana nechikamu. Kusiyana neiyo imwe-chidimbu carbide chamfer cutter, iyo imwe-chidimbu kona kona yekupedzisira inoratidzira dhayamita diki pamuromo, uye chishandiso chekubata radius chinofanira kuverengerwa se (LBC + chishandiso diki dhayamita / 2). Iyo chaiyo yekuverenga nzira inotsanangurwa pazasi.
Formula yekuverenga radius yekushandisa inosanganisira kureba (L), kona (A), hupamhi (B), uye tangent yehafu yetipi yekona, inopfupikiswa nehafu yedhayamita diki. Zvikasadaro, kuwana Z-axis coordination kunosanganisira kubvisa hafu yedhayamita diki kubva kune chishandiso chekubata radius uye kupatsanura mhedzisiro ne tangent yehafu yetip angle yechombo. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa yakasanganiswa angle end mill ine zvimiro zvakati, senge Z-axis coordinate ye -2 uye diki dhayamita ye2mm, inoburitsa yakasarudzika madhiraidhi echamfer milling cutter pamakona akasiyana: 20 ° cutter inoburitsa radius. ye1.352mm, 15° cutter inopa 1.263mm, uye 10° cutter inopa 1.175mm.
Kana isu tikafunga mamiriro ezvinhu apo mudziyo wekubata radius wakaiswa pa 2.5mm, inoenderana neZ-axis inorongedzerwa yechamfer milling cutters yemadhigirii akasiyana inogona kuwedzeredzwa sezvinotevera: kune iyo 20 ° cutter, inoverengera kusvika 8.506, ye15 °. cutter kusvika 11.394, uye ye10 ° cutter, yakakura 17.145.
Mutoo uyu unogara uchishanda pazviverengero zvakasiyana-siyana kana mienzaniso, zvichisimbisa danho rekutanga rekuona dhayamita chaiyo yechishandiso. Pakusarudza iyoCNC machiningzano, sarudzo pakati pekuisa pamberi peiyo preset chishandiso radius kana Z-axis gadziriso inopesvedzerwa nealuminium chikamu's design. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu apo chikamu chinoratidza chakatsikwa chimiro, kudzivirira kukanganiswa neiyo workpiece nekugadzirisa iyo Z coordinate zvinove zvakakosha. Sezvineiwo, kune zvikamu zvisina nhanho maficha, kusarudza yakakura chishandiso chekubata radius kune mukana, kusimudzira epamusoro pepamusoro pekupedzisira kana kusimudzira machining mashandiro.
Sarudzo dzine chekuita nekugadziriswa kweradius yechishandiso maringe nekuwedzera chiyero cheZ chekudya zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvechamfer uye bevel madaro anoratidzwa pachikamu chechikamu.
5. Programming Mienzaniso
Kubva pakuongorora kwechishandiso chekubatanidza poindi yekuverenga misimboti, zviri pachena kuti kana uchishandisa yekugadzira angle yekugaya cutter yekumisikidza yakarerekera nzvimbo, zvinokwana kumisikidza chishandiso chepi angle, diki radius yechishandiso, uye ingave iyo Z-axis. kukosha kwekushandisa kana preset tool radius.
Chikamu chinotevera chinodonongodza mabasa akasiyana-siyana eFANUC #1, #2, Siemens CNC system R1, R2, Okuma CNC system VC1, VC2, uye Heidenhain system Q1, Q2, Q3. Iyo inoratidza maitiro ekuronga chaiwo zvikamu uchishandisa iyo programmable parameter yekuisa nzira yeimwe neimwe CNC system. Mafomati ekuisa eiyo programmable parameters eFANUC, Siemens, Okuma, uye Heidenhain CNC masisitimu anotsanangurwa muMatafura 1 kusvika 4.
Cherechedza:P inoreva nhamba yemuripo wechishandiso, nepo R ichiratidza kukosha kwechishandiso mune absolute command mode (G90).
Ichi chinyorwa chinoshandisa nzira mbiri dzehurongwa: nhamba yenhamba 2 uye nhamba yenhevedzano 3. Z-axis coordinate inoshandisa nzira yekubhadhara kureba kwechishandiso, nepo mudziyo wekusangana neradius unoshandisa nzira yeradius geometry muripo.
Cherechedza:Mufomati yekuraira, “2” inomiririra nhamba yechishandiso, nepo “1” inoreva nhamba yemupendero wechombo.
Chinyorwa ichi chinoshandisa nzira mbiri dzekuronga, kunyanya serial nhamba 2 uye serial nhamba 3, ine Z-axis coordination uye chishandiso chekubata radius nzira dzemuripo dzinoramba dzichienderana nedzakambotaurwa.
Iyo Heidenhain CNC system inobvumira kugadzirisa zvakananga kune kureba kwechishandiso uye radius mushure mekunge chishandiso chasarudzwa. DL1 inomiririra kureba kwechishandiso kwakawedzera ne1mm, nepo DL-1 inoratidza kureba kwechishandiso kwakadzikira ne1mm. Nheyo yekushandisa DR inopindirana nenzira dzambotaurwa.
Nezvinangwa zvekuratidzira, ese CNC masisitimu achashandisa φ40mm denderedzwa semuenzaniso weiyo contour programming. Muenzaniso wepurogiramu unopiwa pasi apa.
5.1 Fanuc CNC system programming muenzaniso
Kana #1 yaiswa kune preset kukosha munzira yeZ, #2 = #1*tan (turusi tip angle/2) + (diki radius), uye chirongwa chiri seizvi.
G10L11P (kureba chishandiso muripo nhamba) R- # 1
G10L12P (radius tool compensation number) R#2
G0X25Y10G43H (kureba chishandiso muripo nhamba) Z0G01
G41D (radius tool compensation number) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0 I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Kana #1 yaiswa kune yekuonana radius, #2 = [contact radius - minor radius]/tan (tool tip angle/2), uye chirongwa ndechinotevera.
G10L11P (kureba chishandiso muripo nhamba) R-#2
G10L12P (radius tool compensation number) R#1
G0X25Y10G43H (kureba chishandiso muripo nhamba) Z0
G01G41D (radius tool compensation number) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Muchirongwa, kana kureba kwenzvimbo yakarerekera kwechikamu kwakanyorwa munzira yeZ, R muchikamu cheG10L11 chirongwa ndeche “-#1-inclined surface Z-direction urefu”; kana kureba kwechikamu chenzvimbo yakarerekera kuchinomisikidzwa munzira yakachinjika, R muchikamu cheG10L12 chirongwa chiri "+#1-yakarerekera pamusoro yakatwasuka kureba".
5.2 Siemens CNC system programming muenzaniso
Kana R1=Z preset kukosha, R2=R1tan(chokushandisa tip angle/2)+(diki radius), chirongwa chinotevera.
TC_DP12[nhamba yechishandiso, kumucheto kwenhamba]=-R1
TC_DP6[nhamba yechishandiso, kumucheto kwenhamba]=R2
G0X25Y10
Z0
G01G41D(radius tool compensation number)X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Kana R1=contact radius, R2=[R1-minor radius]/tan(chokushandisa tip angle/2), chirongwa chinotevera.
TC_DP12[nhamba yechishandiso, nhamba yekucheka]=-R2
TC_DP6[nhamba yechishandiso, nhamba yekucheka]=R1
G0X25Y10
Z0
G01G41D (radius tool compensation number) X20F1000Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Muchirongwa, kana kureba kwechikamu chebevel kwakanyorwa munzira yeZ, chikamu chechirongwa cheTC_DP12 "-R1-bevel Z-direction urefu"; kana kureba kwechikamu chebevel kwakanyorwa munzira yakachinjika, chikamu chechirongwa cheTC_DP6 chiri "+R1-bevel horizontal urefu".
5.3 Okuma CNC system programming muenzaniso Kana VC1 = Z preset kukosha, VC2 = VC1tan (chokushandisa tip angle / 2) + (diki radius), chirongwa ndeichi.
VTOFH [nhamba yemuripo wekushandisa] = -VC1
VTOFD [nhamba yemuripo wechishandiso] = VC2
G0X25Y10
G56Z0
G01G41D (radius tool compensation number) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Kana VC1 = kuonana neradius, VC2 = (VC1-madiki radius) / tan (chokushandisa tip angle / 2), chirongwa ndeichi.
VTOFH (nhamba yemuripo wekushandisa) = -VC2
VTOFD (nhamba yemuripo wechishandiso) = VC1
G0X25Y10
G56Z0
G01G41D (radius tool compensation number) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
Muchirongwa, kana kureba kwechikamu chebevel kwakanyorwa munzira yeZ, chikamu chechirongwa cheVTOFH "-VC1-bevel Z-direction urefu"; kana kureba kwechikamu chebevel kwakanyorwa munzira yakachinjika, chikamu chechirongwa cheVTOFD chiri "+VC1-bevel horizontal kureba".
5.4 Chirongwa chemuenzaniso weHeidenhain CNC system
Kana Q1=Z preset kukosha, Q2=Q1tan(chokushandisa tip angle/2)+(diki radius), Q3=Q2-chishandiso radius,chirongwa ndechekutevera.
TOOL "Nhamba yechishandiso / zita rekushandisa"DL-Q1 DR Q3
L X25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAXL X20 R
L F1000
L Y0
CC X0Y0
C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
Kana Q1=contact radius, Q2=(VC1-minor radius)/tan(tool tip angle/2), Q3=Q1-tool radius, chirongwa ndechekutevera.
TOOL "Nhamba yechishandiso / zita rekushandisa" DL-Q2 DR Q3
L X25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAX
L X20 RL F1000
L Y0
CC X0Y0
C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
Muchirongwa, kana kureba kwechikamu chebevel kwakanyorwa munzira yeZ, DL iri "-Q1-bevel Z-direction urefu"; kana kureba kwechikamu chebevel kwakanyorwa munzira yakachinjika, DR iri "+Q3-bevel horizontal kureba".
6. Kuenzanisa kwekugadzirisa nguva
Iyo trajectory diagrams uye parameter kuenzanisa kwemaitiro matatu ekugadzirisa anoratidzwa muTebhu 5. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kushandiswa kwekugadzira angle milling cutter ye contour programming inoguma munguva shoma yekugadzirisa uye kunaka kwepamusoro.
Iko kushandiswa kwekugadzira angle milling cutters kunogadzirisa matambudziko akatarisana nawo mukupedzisira mill layer programming uye bhora rekucheka pamusoro pehurongwa, kusanganisira kudiwa kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi, kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwematurusi, uye kushomeka kwekugadzirisa. Nekuita zvinobudirira zvigadziriso zvematurusi uye maitiro ehurongwa, nguva yekugadzirira kugadzirwa inoderedzwa, zvichitungamira mukukwidziridzwa kwekugadzira.
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Nguva yekutumira: Oct-23-2024