Kune akawanda marudzi uye zvakatemwa zveCNC muchina maturusi, uye nzira dzekuisa dzakasiyanawo. Kazhinji, vanogona kuverengerwa maererano nemisimboti mina inotevera zvichienderana nebasa uye chimiro.
1. Kurongwa kuburikidza nekutonga trajectory yemuchina wekushandisa kufamba
⑴ Poinzi-inodzorwa CNC muchina wekushandisa poindi yekudzora inongoda kumira kwakaringana kwezvikamu zvinofamba zvemuchina kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda pane imwe. Zvinodiwa zvekufamba trajectory pakati pemapoinzi hazvina kuomarara. Hapana kugadziridzwa kunoitwa panguva yekufamba, uye kufamba pakati peiyo coordination axes haina hukama. Kuti uwane kukurumidza uye kwakaringana chinzvimbo, kufamba kwekufambisa pakati pemapoinzi maviri kunowanzo famba nekukurumidza kutanga uye yosvika panzvimbo yekumisikidza zvishoma nezvishoma kuti ive nechokwadi chekumira chaiko. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, ndiyo inofamba trajectory yepoint control.
Maturusi emuchina ane mapoinzi ekudzora mabasa anonyanya zvinosanganisira CNC yekuchera michina, CNC milling michina, CNC punching michina, etc. Nekuvandudzwa kweCNC tekinoroji uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo yeCNC system, CNC masisitimu anoshandiswa chete ekudzora mapoinzi haawanzo.
⑵ Linear control CNC muchina maturusi Linear control CNC muchina maturusi anonziwo parallel control CNC muchina maturusi. Hunhu hwavo ndehwekuti mukuwedzera kune chaiyo yekumisikidza pakati pemapoinzi ekudzora, ivo zvakare vanodzora kumhanya kwekufamba uye nzira (trajectory) pakati pemapoinzi maviri ane hukama. Nekudaro, nzira yavo yekufamba inongoenderana chete neyemuchina chishandiso kurongedza axis; ndiko kuti, pane imwe chete coordis axis inodzorwa panguva imwe chete (ndiko kuti, hapana chikonzero cheiyo interpolation calculation function muCNC system). Munguva yekufambisa, chishandiso chinogona kucheka pane yakatemwa yekumhanyisa uye kazhinji inogona kungogadzira rectangular uye nhanho-yakaita zvikamu. Maturusi emuchina ane mutsara wekutonga mabasa anonyanya kusanganisira ari nyore CNC lathes, CNC milling muchina, CNC grinders, etc. Iyo CNC system yemuchina chishandiso ichi inonziwo mutsara wekutonga CNC system. Saizvozvo, CNC muchina maturusi anoshandiswa chete kune mutsara kudzora haawanzo.
⑶ Contour control CNC muchina maturusi
Contour control CNC muchina maturusi anonzi zvakare anoenderera kudzora CNC muchina maturusi. Hunhu hwavo hwekutonga ndehwekuti vanogona panguva imwe chete kudzora kutama uye kumhanya kweaviri kana anopfuura anofambisa mafambiro. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodikanwa izvo hukama hwekufamba trajectory yechishandiso padivi peiyo workpiece contour inosangana neiyo workpiece yekugadzirisa contour, iyo yekutamisa kudzora uye kukurumidza kudzora kwega kwega kurongeka kwekufamba kunofanirwa kurongeka nenzira kwayo zvinoenderana nehukama hwakatemerwa. Naizvozvo, mumhando iyi yekudzora, iyo CNC mudziyo inodiwa kuve nekududzira basa. Iyo inonzi interpolation ndeyekutsanangura chimiro chemutsara wakatwasuka kana arc kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwemasvomhu kweanodudzira opareta muCNC system zvinoenderana neiyo yakakosha data kuiswa nechirongwa (senge endpoint coordes yemutsara wakatwasuka, iyo yekupedzisira. coordinates of arc and the center coordinates or radius). Izvozvi panguva yekuverenga, ma pulses anogoverwa kune yega yega coordis axis controller zvinoenderana nekuverenga mhedzisiro kuitira kudzora yekubatanidza kutamiswa kweiyo yega coordis axis kuti ienderane neinodiwa contour. Munguva yekufamba, chishandiso chinoramba chichicheka pamusoro peiyo workpiece, uye akasiyana mitsara yakatwasuka, arcs, uye macurves anogona kugadziriswa. Contour control machining trajectory. Iyi mhando yemuchina wekushandisa inonyanya kusanganisiraCNC lathes, CNC milling machines, CNC wire cutting machines, machining centers, etc., uye inowirirana CNC device inonzi contour control. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwehukama hwekubatanidza maaxes hwainotonga, iyo CNC system inogona kukamurwa kuita anotevera mafomu:
① Maviri-axis yekubatanidza: inonyanya kushandiswa kuCNC lathes kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzinotenderera kanaCNC kugayamichina yekugadzira masilinda akakomberedzwa.
② Maviri-axis semi-linkage: anonyanya kushandiswa kudzora maturusi emuchina ane anopfuura matatu mademo, umo maaxi maviri anogona kubatanidzwa, uye imwe axis inogona kupihwa nguva nenguva.
③ Three-axis linkage: Kazhinji yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri, imwe ndeyekubatanidza kweatatu mitsara yekubatanidza matemo X/Y/Z, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa muCNC milling machine, machining centers, nezvimwewo. kudzora maviri mutsara makongisheni muX/Y/Z, zvakare panguva imwe chete inodzora inotenderera inotenderera axis inotenderera ichitenderedza imwe yemutsara kurongeka. mbezo. Semuyenzaniso, munzvimbo inotenderedza machining centre, mukuwedzera kune chinongedzo chelongitudinal (Z-axis) uye chinochinjika (X-axis) linear coordination axes, inodawo panguva imwe chete kudzora kubatana kweiyo spindle (C-axis) inotenderera. yakatenderedza Z-axis.
④ Ina-axis yekubatanidza: Panguva imwe chete kudzora kubatanidzwa kweatatu mitsara yekubatanidza axes X/Y/Z uye inotenderera inotenderera axis.
⑤ Mashanu-axis yekubatanidza: Pamusoro pekudzora panguva imwe chete kubatana kweatatu mitsara yekubatanidza axes X/Y/Z. Iyo zvakare panguva imwe chete inodzora maviri ematemo ekubatanidza, A, B, uye C, anotenderera achitenderedza aya mutsara maaxisi ekubatanidza, achigadzira panguva imwe chete kutonga kweshanu-axis yekubatanidza. Panguva ino, chishandiso chinogona kuiswa mune chero nzira munzvimbo. Semuyenzaniso, chishandiso chinodzorwa kutenderedza x-axis uye y-axis panguva imwe chete kuitira kuti chishandiso chinogara chichichengeta yakajairika nzira ine contour pamusoro ichigadziriswa panzvimbo yayo yekucheka kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsetseka kweiyo. yakagadziriswa nzvimbo inovandudza kurongeka kwayo kwekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kushanda uye kuderedza kushata kwenzvimbo yakagadziriswa.
2. Kurongwa ne servo control nzira
⑴ Iyo feed servo drive yekuvhurika-loop control CNC muchina maturusi akavhurika-loop; ndiko kuti, hapana chekuona mhinduro mudziyo. Kazhinji, mota yayo yekutyaira ndeye stepper mota. Chinhu chikuru cheiyo stepper mota ndechekuti mota inotenderera nhanho nhanho pese pese apo dunhu rekutonga rinoshandura kuraira pulse chiratidzo, uye mota pachayo ine yekuzvivharira kugona. Iyo yekudyisa yekuraira chiratidzo inoburitswa neCNC system inodzora dhiraivha yedhiraivha kuburikidza nepulse distributor. Iyo inodzora kurongeka kwekutamisa nekushandura nhamba yemapulses, inodzora kukurumidza kusimuka nekushandura frequency yemapurusi, uye inodzora gwara rekutamisa nekushandura kugovera kurongeka kwemapurusi. Naizvozvo, maficha makuru eiyi nzira yekudzora kudzora kuri nyore, chimiro chakareruka, uye mutengo wakaderera. Iyo yekuraira chiratidzo kuyerera yakapihwa neCNC system haina unidirectional, saka hapana dambudziko rekugadzikana kweiyo control system. Nekudaro, nekuti iko kukanganisa kweiyo mechanical transmission haina kugadziriswa nemhinduro, iyo displacement yakarurama haina kukwirira. Ekutanga CNC muchina maturusi ese akatora nzira iyi yekudzora, asi mwero wekutadza waive wakakwira. Parizvino, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwedunhu redhiraivha, ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya munyika yangu, general economic CNC masisitimu uye CNC shanduko yemidziyo yekare inonyanya kutora iyi nzira yekudzora. Mukuwedzera, iyi nzira yekudzora inogona kugadziriswa ne-single-chip microcomputer kana imwe-bhodhi kombiyuta seCNC device, iyo inoderedza mutengo wehurongwa hwose.
⑵ Yakavharwa-loop yekudzora muchina maturusi Iyo feed servo drive yerudzi urwu rweCNC muchina chishandiso inoshanda mune yakavharwa-loop mhinduro yekudzora maitiro. Motokari yaro inogona kushandisa DC kana AC servo motors uye inoda kugadzirwa nemhinduro yechinzvimbo uye nekumhanyisa mhinduro. Iko kutamiswa chaiko kwezvikamu zvinofamba zvinoonekwa chero nguva panguva yekugadziriswa, uye inodzoserwa kumuenzanisi muCNC system nenguva. Iyo inofananidzwa nechiratidzo chekuraira chakawanikwa nekududzira oparesheni, uye mutsauko unoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekudzora che servo drive, iyo inotyaira chikamu chekubvisa kubvisa kukanganisa kwekutamisa. Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekumisikidza yenzvimbo yekuona mhinduro uye mudziyo wemhinduro unoshandiswa, wakakamurwa kuita maviri ekudzora modhi: yakazara-yakavharwa loop uye semi-yakavharwa loop.
① Yakazara yakavharwa-loop control Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, chinzvimbo chayo chekupindura chishandiso chinoshandisa mutsara wekuona nzvimbo yekuona chinhu (parizvino kazhinji kacho mutongi wegiya) yakaiswa pachigaro chechishandiso chemuchina, kureva, kuona zvakananga kutamiswa kwechishandiso chemuchina. coordinates. Iko kukanganisa kwekutapurirana mune yese mechaniki yekutapurirana cheni kubva kumota kuenda kumuchina chishandiso chigaro chinogona kubviswa kuburikidza nemhinduro, nekudaro kuwana yakakwira static chinzvimbo kurongeka kwechishandiso chemuchina. Zvisinei, sezvo maitiro ekukweshana, kusimba, uye kucheneswa kweakawanda mechanical transmission links in the whole control loop are nonlinear, simba rekupindura nguva yese mechanical transmission chain yakakura zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nenguva yekupindura magetsi. Izvi zvinounza matambudziko makuru pakugadziriswa kwekugadzikana kweiyo yese yakavharwa-loop system, uye dhizaini uye kugadzirisa kweiyo system zvakare yakaoma. Naizvozvo, iyi yakazara yakavharwa-loop yekudzora nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kuCNC coordinate michina uyeCNC chaiyomagrinder ane high precision zvinodiwa.
② Semi-yakavharwa-loop control Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, mhinduro yechinzvimbo chayo inoshandisa angle yekuona chinhu (ikozvino kunyanya encoders, nezvimwewo), iyo inoiswa zvakananga pane servo mota kana kumagumo kwelead screw. Sezvo mazhinji emagetsi ekutapurirana malink asina kuisirwa muvhavha-loop loop yehurongwa, inodanwa kuti iwane yakagadzikana yekudzora hunhu. Mechanical kutapurirana kukanganisa senge lead screws haigone kugadziriswa chero nguva kuburikidza nemhinduro, asi software yenguva dzose muripo nzira dzinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza nemazvo. Parizvino, mazhinji CNC muchina maturusi anoshandisa semi-yakavharwa loop yekudzora nzira
⑶ Hybrid control CNC muchina maturusi anosarudza kutarisisa hunhu hwepamusoro nzira dzekudzora kuti dzigadzire hybrid control scheme. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, sezvo nzira yakavhurika-loop yekudzora ine kugadzikana kwakanaka, mutengo wakaderera, kusarongeka kwakashata, uye iyo yakazara yakavharwa-loop kugadzikana haina kunaka, kuitira kubhadharana uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutonga kwemamwe maturusi emuchina, hybrid. nzira yekudzora inofanira kutorwa. Idzi nzira mbiri dzinowanzo shandiswa ndeye yakavhurika-loop muripo mhando uye semi-yakavharwa-loop muripo mhando.
3. Kurongwa nehuwandu hwekushanda kweCNC system
Zvinoenderana nebasa reiyo CNC system, iyo CNC system inowanzo kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: yakaderera, yepakati, uye yakakwirira. Iyi nzira yekupatsanura ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa munyika yangu. Miganhu yematanho matatu epasi, epakati, uye epamusoro ane hukama, uye zviyero zvezvimiro zvichange zvakasiyana munguva dzakasiyana. Tichitarisa kubva padanho razvino rebudiriro, marudzi akasiyana eCNC masisitimu anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: yakaderera, yepakati, uye yakakwirira, zvichienderana nemamwe mabasa uye zviratidzo. Pakati pavo, yepakati uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira inowanzonzi yakazara-inoshanda CNC kana yakajairwa CNC.
⑴ Metal kuchekwa kunoreva CNC muchina maturusi anoshandisa akasiyana kucheka maitiro senge kutendeuka, kugaya, kukanganisa, kugadzirazve, kuchera, kukuya, uye kuronga. Inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinotevera.
① Zvakajairwa CNC muchina maturusi, senge CNC lathes, CNC milling muchina, CNC grinders, nezvimwe.
② Machining centre chinhu chikuru iraibhurari yezvishandiso ine otomatiki chishandiso chekuchinja masisitimu; workpiece inosungwa kamwe chete. Mushure mekubatanidza, maturusi akasiyana anotsiviwa otomatiki, uye maitiro akasiyana senge kugaya (kutendeuka), kudzoreredza, kudhiraivha, uye kubaya zvinoramba zvichiitwa pane imwechete muchina chishandiso pane yega yega yekugadziridza nzvimbo yebasa, senge (kuvaka / kugaya) machining nzvimbo. , nzvimbo dzekuchinjisa, nzvimbo dzekuchera, nezvimwe.
⑵ Metal kuumba inoreva CNC muchina maturusi anoshandisa maitiro ekuumba akadai seextrusion, kubaya, kudzvanya, uye kudhirowa. Anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira CNC mashini, CNC kubhenda michina, CNC pombi kubhenda michina, CNC kuruka michina, etc.
⑶ Kugadziriswa kwakakosha kunosanganisira CNC waya EDM, CNC EDM kugadzira michina, CNC murazvo wekucheka michina, CNC laser kugadzirisa michina, nezvimwe.
⑷ Kuyera uye kudhirowa zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira matatu-anoronga machira ekuyeresa, CNC chishandiso kuseta michina, CNC plotters, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-05-2024