1.1 Kuiswa kweCNC muchina chishandiso muviri
1. Isati yasvika CNC muchina chishandiso, mushandisi anofanirwa kugadzirira kuisirwa zvinoenderana nemuchina wedhizaini nheyo yekudhirowa yakapihwa nemugadziri.. Makomba akachengetwa anofanirwa kuitwa panzvimbo ichaiswa mabhaudhi anchor. Pakusvitsa, vashandi vekomisheni vanozotevera nzira dzekuburitsa kutakura zvinhu zvemuchina kuenda kunzvimbo yekuisirwa uye kuisa zvikamu zvikuru panheyo vachitevera mirairo.
Kana zvangove panzvimbo, shims, mapedhi ekugadzirisa, uye mabhoti ekubatisa anofanirwa kuiswa zvakanaka, uyezve zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuchina wemuchina zvinofanirwa kuunganidzwa kuita muchina wakakwana. Mushure megungano, tambo, pombi dzemafuta, uye pombi dzemhepo dzinofanira kubatanidzwa. Chinyorwa chemuchina chekushandisa chinosanganisira magetsi wiring dhayagiramu uye gasi uye hydraulic pombi madhayagiramu. Iwo matambo akakodzera uye mapaipi anofanirwa kubatanidzwa imwe neimwe zvichienderana nemakaki.
2. Chengetedzo panguva ino ndeiyi inotevera.
Mushure mekusunungura chishandiso chemuchina, danho rekutanga nderekutsvaga magwaro akasiyana siyana uye zvinhu, zvinosanganisira rondedzero yemuchina wekurongedza, uye kuona kuti zvikamu, tambo, uye zvinhu mubhokisi rega rega rekurongedza zvinoenderana nerondedzero yekurongedza.
Usati waunganidza zvikamu zvakasiyana zvechishandiso chemuchina, zvakakosha kuti ubvise pendi yekudzivirira ngura kubva panzvimbo yekubatanidza yekumisikidza, njanji, uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofamba uye kunyatsochenesa pamusoro pechimwe nechimwe chikamu.
Munguva yekubatanidza maitiro, nyatso tarisisa kucheneswa, kuve nechokwadi chekuonana kwakavimbika uye chisimbiso, uye kutarisa chero kusununguka kana kukuvara. Mushure mekuisa tambo, iva nechokwadi chekusimbisa zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakachengeteka. Kana uchibatanidza pombi dzeoiri nemhepo, tora matanho ekuchenjerera kudzivirira zvinhu zvekunze kuti zvisapinde mupombi kubva pachiratidziro, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti iyo yose hydraulic system isashande. Kubatana kwega kwega kunofanira kusimbiswa pakubatanidza pombi. Kana tambo nemapaipi zvabatanidzwa, zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa, uye chivharo chevhavha chevhavha chinofanirwa kuiswa kuti chitarise kutaridzika zvakanaka.
1.2 Kubatana kweCNC system
1) Kuburitsa kuongororwa kweiyo CNC system.
Mushure mekugamuchira imwechete CNC system kana yakakwana CNC system yakatengwa nemuchina wemuchina, zvakakosha kuti unyatsoiongorora. Kuongorora uku kunofanirwa kuvhara sisitimu yemuviri, iyo inofananidzira yekumhanyisa yekudzora unit uye servo mota, pamwe neiyo spindle control unit uye spindle mota.
2) Kubatana kwetambo dzekunze.
Yekunze tambo yekubatanidza inoreva tambo dzinobatanidza iyo CNC system kune yekunze MDI/CRT unit, kabati yemagetsi, muchina chishandiso chekushandisa pani, feed servo mota yemagetsi tambo, mutsara wemhinduro, spindle mota yemagetsi tambo, uye mhinduro. chiratidzo mutsara, pamwe neruoko-cranked pulse jenareta. Tambo idzi dzinofanira kuenderana nebhuku rekubatanidza rakapihwa nemushini, uye waya yepasi inofanira kubatanidzwa kumagumo.
3) Kubatanidza kweCNC system tambo yemagetsi.
Batanidza tambo yekupinza yeCNC system magetsi kana switch yemagetsi yeCNC cabinet yakadzimwa.
4) Kusimbiswa kwezvirongwa.
Kune akawanda mapoinzi ekugadzirisa pane yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi muCNC system, iyo yakabatana nejumper waya. Izvi zvinoda kurongeka kwakaringana kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzematurusi emuchina.
5) Simbiso yemagetsi ekuisa magetsi emagetsi, frequency, uye kutevedzana kwechikamu.
Usati waisa magetsi pane akasiyana CNC masisitimu, zvakakosha kutarisa mukati meDC-inodzorwa magetsi emagetsi ayo anopa sisitimu inodiwa ± 5V, 24V, uye mamwe DC voltages. Ita shuwa kuti kuremerwa kwezvinhu izvi zvemagetsi hazvina kupfupika-kutenderera pasi. Multimeter inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa izvi.
6) Simbisa kana voltage inobuda terminal yeDC magetsi emagetsi ipfupi-inotenderedzwa pasi.
7) Batidza simba reCNC kabati uye tarisa yakabuda voltages.
Usati wabatidza magetsi, bvisa tambo yemagetsi emota kuitira kuchengetedza. Mushure mekuisa simba, tarisa kana mafeni ari muCNC cabinet ari kutenderera kuratidza simba.
8) Simbisa marongero eiyo paramita yeCNC system.
9) Simbisa iyo interface pakati peiyo CNC system uye mudziyo wemuchina.
Mushure mekupedza matanho ambotaurwa, tinogona kugumisa kuti CNC system yakagadziridzwa uye yagadzirira bvunzo dzepamhepo-pamhepo nemuchina wemuchina. Panguva ino, simba rekupa kuCNC system rinogona kudzimwa, tambo yemagetsi inogona kubatanidzwa, uye alarm yekumisa inogona kudzoserwa.
1.3 Simba-pakuedza kweCNC muchina maturusi
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwakaringana zvematurusi emuchina, tarisa kune CNC muchina chishandiso bhuku remirayiridzo yekuzora. Zadza nzvimbo dzakatsanangurwa dzekuzora nemafuta akakurudzirwa uye girisi, chenesa hydraulic oiri tangi uye sefa, uye uzadze nemafuta akakodzera ehydraulic. Uyezve, ita shuwa yekubatanidza yekunze mhepo sosi.
Paunenge uchiisa magetsi pamushini wemuchina, unogona kusarudza kuisa masimba ese zvikamu kamwechete kana simba chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana usati waita yakazara magetsi ekupa bvunzo. Paunenge uchiyedza iyo CNC sisitimu uye muchina chishandiso, kunyangwe iyo CNC system iri kushanda zvakajairwa pasina maaramu, gara wakagadzirira kudzvanya bhatani rekumisa emergency kuti udzime simba kana zvichidikanwa. Shandisa bhuku rinoenderera mberi chikafu kufambisa axis yega yega uye kuona kwakaringana mafambiro echikamu chemuchina wemidziyo kuburikidza nehukoshi hwekuratidzira hweCRT kana DPL (digital display).
Tarisa kuenderana kwekufamba kure kweakisi imwe neimwe nemirairo yekufamba. Kana kusawirirana kuripo, simbisa mirairo inoenderana, mhinduro paramita, chinzvimbo chekudzora loop kuwana, uye mamwe ma parameter marongero. Fambisa axis yega yega nekumhanya kwakaderera uchishandisa manyoro feed, kuve nechokwadi kuti vanorova overtravel switch kuti vatarise kushanda kweiyo overtravel muganho uye kana iyo CNC system inoburitsa alarm kana overtravel yaitika. Nyatsoongorora kana parameter yekumisikidza kukosha muCNC system uye PMC mudziyo inoenderana neyakatsanangurwa data mune yakasarudzika data.
Edza akasiyana maitiro ekushandisa (manual, inching, MDI, otomatiki modhi, nezvimwewo), spindle shift mirairo, uye yekumhanyisa mirairo pamatanho ese kuratidza huchokwadi hwavo. Pakupedzisira, ita kudzoka kune referensi point action. Iyo referensi poindi inoshanda sechirongwa chereferensi chinzvimbo chemangwana muchina chishandiso kugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uone kuvepo kwereferenzi point basa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwekudzoka kwenzvimbo yereferenzi nguva yega yega.
1.4 Kuiswa uye kugadzirisa kweCNC muchina maturusi
Sezve CNC muchina chishandiso chekushandisa, cheki yakazara inoitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda uye kwakazara kwezvikamu zvikuru, zvichiita kuti zvese zvikamu zvemuchina wemuchina ushande uye ufambe nemazvo. Thecnc kugadzira nzirakunosanganisira kugadzirisa mwero wemubhedha wechishandiso chemuchina uye kuita zvigadziriso zvekutanga kune main geometric accuracy. Zvadaro, nzvimbo yakabatana yezvikamu zvikuru zvinofamba zvakabatanidzwa uye muchina mukuru unogadziriswa. Anchor bolts yemuchina mukuru uye zvishongedzo zvinobva zvazadzwa nekasira-kuomesa simenti, uye maburi akachengetwa anozadzwawo, achibvumira simenti kuoma zvachose.
Kunyatsogadzirisa kweyero huru yemubhedha yemuchina wemuchina panheyo yakasimbiswa inoitwa uchishandisa anchor bolts uye shims. Kana iyo nhanho yamiswa, zvikamu zvinofamba pamubhedha, senge koramu huru, siraidhi, uye bhenji rebasa, zvinofambiswa kuti zvitarise shanduko yakachinjika yechishandiso chemuchina mukati mekurova kwakazara kwekodhadhi yega yega. Iko kurongeka kweiyo geometric yemuchina wemuchina unozogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inowira mukati meiyo inobvumirwa kukanganisa renji. Precision level, standard square mutongi, flat mutongi, uye collimator zviri pakati pematurusi ekuona anoshandiswa mukugadzirisa maitiro. Munguva yekugadziriswa, zvinotariswa zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa shims, uye kana zvichidikanwa, kuita zvigadziriso zvishoma kune inlay mitsetse uye preload rollers pane ekutungamira rails.
1.5 Kushanda kwechishandiso chekushandura munzvimbo yekugadzira machining
Kuti utange maitiro ekutsinhanisa maturusi, mudziyo wemuchina unotungamirwa kuti uende otomatiki kunzvimbo yekutsinhanisa chishandiso uchishandisa zvirongwa zvakaita seG28 Y0 Z0 kana G30 Y0 Z0. Nzvimbo yemudziyo wekutakura uye kuburitsa manipulator maererano ne spindle inobva yagadziriswa nemaoko, nerubatsiro rwe calibration mandrel kuti ionekwe. Kana paine zvikanganiso zvakaonekwa, iyo manipulator sitiroko inogona kugadziridzwa, iyo manipulator tsigiro uye chishandiso chemagazini chinzvimbo chinogona kutamiswa, uye kugadzika kwechishandiso chekuchinja chinzvimbo chepoinzi kunogona kugadziridzwa kana zvichidikanwa, nekushandura parameter yekumisikidza muCNC system.
Pakupera kwekugadzirisa, zvigadziridzo zvekugadzirisa uye mabhoti emagazini anchor anosimbiswa. Mushure mezvo, zvibatiso zvezvishandiso zvakati wandei padhuze neuremu hunotenderwa hunoiswa, uye akawanda anodzokorora otomatiki kuchinjana kubva kumagazini yekushandisa kuenda kune spindle anoitwa. Izvi zviito zvinofanirwa kuve zvakarurama, pasina kudhumhana kana kudonha kwechishandiso.
Kune maturusi emuchina akashongedzerwa matafura ekuchinjana APC, tafura inofambiswa kunzvimbo yekutsinhana, uye chinzvimbo chehukama chechiteshi chepallet uye chekuchinjana tafura chepamusoro chinogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chakatsetseka, chakavimbika, uye chakarurama chiito panguva yekuchinja kwezvishandiso. Kutevera izvi, 70-80% yemutoro unobvumidzwa unoiswa panzvimbo yebasa, uye akawanda otomatiki ekuchinjanisa zviito anoitwa. Kana iko kurongeka kwaitwa, iwo akakodzera screws anosimbiswa.
1.6 Kuedza kushanda kweCNC muchina maturusi
Mushure mekuisirwa uye kumisikidzwa kweCNC muchina maturusi, muchina wese unofanirwa kumhanyisa otomatiki kwenguva yakareba pasi pemamiriro ekuremerwa kuti unyatso tarisa mashandiro emuchina uye kuvimbika kwekushanda. Iko hakuna mutemo wakajairwa pane inomhanya nguva. Kazhinji, inomhanya kwemaawa masere pazuva nguva dzose kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu, kana maawa makumi maviri nemana nguva dzose kwemazuva 1 kusvika maviri. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa sekuyedza kushanda mushure mekuiswa.
Maitiro ekuongorora anofanirwa kusanganisira kuyedza mashandiro eiyo huru CNC system, otomatiki kutsiva 2/3 yezvishandiso mumagazini yemidziyo, kuyedza iyo yepamusoro, yakaderera, uye inowanzoshandiswa kumhanya kweiyo spindle, inokurumidza uye inowanzo shandiswa yekudyisa kumhanya, otomatiki kuchinjana. yenzvimbo yebasa, uye kushandisa iyo huru M mirairo. Munguva yekushanda kwekuedza, magazini yemuchina wekushandisa inofanira kunge yakazara nemidziyo, huremu hwechibatiso hunofanira kunge huri pedyo nehuremu hunotenderwa hunobvumirwa, uye mutoro unofanirawo kuwedzerwa panzvimbo yebasa rekuchinjana. Munguva yenguva yekushanda kwekuedza, hapana kukanganisa kwechishandiso chemuchina kunotenderwa kuitika kunze kwekukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwekushanda. Zvikasadaro, inoratidza matambudziko nekuisa uye kumisikidzwa kwemuchina chishandiso.
1.7 Kugamuchirwa kweCNC muchina maturusi
Mushure mekunge vashandi vemuchina wekushandisa muchina vapedza kuisirwa uye kutumwa kwechishandiso chemuchina, basa rekugamuchira remushandisi weCNC muchina rinosanganisira kuyera zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvehunyanzvi pachitupa chechishandiso chemuchina. Izvi zvinoitwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekugamuchirwa anotsanangurwa muchina chishandiso chefekitori chekuongorora chitupa uchishandisa nzira dzekuona chaidzo dzakapihwa. Mhedzisiro yekugamuchira ichashanda sehwaro hwekugadziriswa kweramangwana kwehunyanzvi zviratidzo. Basa guru rekugamuchira rinotsanangurwa sezvinotevera:
1) Kutariswa kwechitarisiko chechishandiso chemuchina: Pamberi pekuongorora kwakadzama uye kugamuchirwa kweCNC muchina chishandiso, kutaridzika kweCNC kabati kunofanirwa kuongororwa nekugamuchirwa.Izvi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira zvinotevera zvikamu:
① Ongorora iyo CNC cabinet yekukuvara kana kusvibiswa uchishandisa ziso rakashama. Tarisa uone akakuvara ekubatanidza tambo masumbu uye peeling shielding layer.
② Ongorora kusimba kwezvikamu muCNC cabinet, kusanganisira screws, connectors, uye akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi.
③ Kutariswa kwechitarisiko che servo mota: Kunyanya, imba ye servo mota ine pulse encoder inofanirwa kunyatsoongororwa, kunyanya kumashure kwayo.
2) Chishandiso chemuchina kuita uye NC basa bvunzo. Zvino, tora yakamira machining centre semuenzaniso wekutsanangura zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvekuongorora.
① Spindle system performance.
② Feed system performance.
③ otomatiki chishandiso shanduko system.
④ Muchina wekushandisa ruzha. Ruzha rwese rwechishandiso chemuchina panguva yedling haifanire kudarika 80 dB.
⑤ Chigadzirwa chemagetsi.
⑥ Digital control device.
⑦ Chigadzirwa chekuchengetedza.
⑧ Chigadzirwa chekuzora.
⑨ Mhepo uye mudziyo wemvura.
⑩ Chishandiso chekushandisa.
⑪ CNC basa.
⑫ Kuenderera mberi pasina-mutoro kushanda.
3) Kurongeka kweCNC muchina chishandiso chinoratidza zvikanganiso zvejometri zvezvikamu zvaro zvakakosha zvemakina uye kusangana. Pazasi pane ruzivo rwekuongorora kurongeka kwejometri yeyakajairwa vertical machining centre.
① Kudzikama kwetafura yekushanda.
② Mutual Perpendicularity yekufamba mune imwe neimwe nzira yakarongeka.
③ Parallelism yetabhenakeri kana ichifamba munzira yeX-coordinate.
④ Kufanana kweiyo worktable kana uchifamba munzira yeY-coordinate.
⑤ Parallelism yedivi reT-slot yeiyo worktable kana uchifamba munzira yeX-coordinate.
⑥ Axial kupera kweiyo spindle.
⑦ Radial runout yegomba reku spindle.
⑧ Parallelism ye spindle axis kana bhokisi rekutenderera richifamba muZ-coordinate direction.
⑨ Perpendicularity ye spindle rotation axis centerline kune worktable.
⑩ Kutwasanuka kwebhokisi rekutenderera richifamba munzira yeZ-coordinate.
4) Muchina chishandiso chinomisikidza kunyatso tarisisa ndeye ongororo yekugona kugoneka nezvikamu zvinofamba zvemuchina chiri pasi pekutonga kweCNC mudziyo. Izvo zvekutanga zvekuongorora zvirimo zvinosanganisira kuongororwa kweiyo nzvimbo yechokwadi.
① Linear inofamba yekumisikidza kurongeka (kusanganisira X, Y, Z, U, V, uye W axis).
② Linear inofamba inodzokorora kurongeka kwenzvimbo.
③ Dzosa Kururama kweiyo mechaniki kwakabva mutsara wekufamba axis.
④ Kutemerwa kwehuwandu hwekurasika kwekukurumidza mumutsara wekufamba.
⑤ Rotary motion positioning accuracy (turntable A, B, C axis).
⑥ Dzokorora kumira kwechokwadi kwekufamba kwe rotary.
⑦ Dzorera Kururama kwekwakabva kweiyo rotary axis.
⑧ Kutsunga kwehuwandu hwekurasika kwekukurumidza mukutenderera axis kufamba.
5) Muchina chishandiso chekucheka kunyatsoongorora kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwakaringana kweiyo geometric chaiyo uye yekumisikidza kurongeka kwechishandiso chemuchina mukucheka nekugadzirisa mabasa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu eindasitiri otomatiki munzvimbo dzemuchina, iko kurongeka mukugadzirisa kumwe chete inzvimbo yekutanga yekutarisa.
① Kunofinha Kwazvo.
② Kurongeka kwendege yekugaya yeguyo yekupedzisira (XY ndege).
③ Boring gomba pitch kurongeka uye gomba dhayamita kupararira.
④ Linear milling chaiyo.
⑤ Oblique line milling kururama.
⑥ Arc milling nemazvo.
⑦ Bhokisi kutendeuka-kutenderera kunofinha coaxiality (yeyakachinjika muchina maturusi).
⑧ Horizontal turntable kutenderera 90 ° square millingcnc processingkurongeka (kune horizontal machine tools).
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-16-2024