Ruzivo rwekutanga rwemakanika kudhirowa | Yakadzama sumo nemifananidzo uye zvinyorwa

1. Basa uye zviri mukati mechikamu chekudhirowa

1. Basa rezvikamu zvekudhirowa
Chero muchina unoumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda, uye kugadzira muchina, zvikamu zvacho zvinofanirwa kutanga kugadzirwa. Chikamu chekudhirowa ndicho hwaro hwekugadzira uye kuongorora zvikamu. Inoisa mberi zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvezvikamu maererano nechimiro, chimiro, saizi, zvinhu uye tekinoroji zvinoenderana nechinzvimbo uye basa rezvikamu zvemuchina.

2. Zviri mukati mezvikamu zvekudhirowa
Chikamu chakakwana chekudhirowa chinofanira kusanganisira zvinotevera zviri mukati, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1:

Mufananidzo 1 Zvikamu dhayagiramu yeINT7 2”

(1) Musoro wekona Inowanikwa mukona yezasi yekurudyi yekudhirowa, iyo koramu yemusoro inowanzozadza muzita rechikamu, zvinhu, huwandu, chikamu chekudhirowa, siginecha yemunhu anotarisira kodhi uye kudhirowa, uye zita rechikwata. Kutungamira kwebhawa remusoro kunofanirwa kuenderana negwara rekuona mufananidzo.

(2) Boka remifananidzo rinoshandiswa kuratidza chimiro chechimiro chechikamu, chinogona kuratidzwa nenzira yekuona, chikamu chekuona, chikamu, nzira yekudhirowa yakatemwa uye nzira yekudhirowa iri nyore.

(3) Zviyero zvinodikanwa zvinoratidza ukuru uye hukama hwehukama hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chechikamu, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandura zvikamukugadzira uye kuongorora.

(4) Zvido zvehunyanzvi Hurukuro hwepamusoro, kushivirira kwedimensional, chimiro uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo yezvikamu, pamwe nekurapa kwekupisa uye kurapa kwepamusoro zvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvinopihwa.

2. Maonero
Maonero ekutanga: maonerwo anowanikwa nekufungidzira chinhu kune matanhatu ekutanga fungidziro nzvimbo (chinhu chiri pakati pecube, inofungidzirwa kune matanhatu nzira kumberi, kumashure, kuruboshwe, kurudyi, kumusoro, pasi), ndeaya:

Maonero epamberi (main view), kuruboshwe, maonero ekurudyi, maonero epamusoro, maonero epasi uye kumashure.

3. Yese nehafu dissection

   Kuti ubatsire mukunzwisisa chimiro chemukati uye hukama hwakabatana hwechinhu, pane dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kupatsanura maonero anowanikwa nekucheka chinhu muchikamu chakazara chechikamu uye hafu yechikamu.
Maonero akazara echikamu: Maonero echikamu anowanikwa nekucheka zvachose chinhu nendege yechikamu inonzi full sectional view.

Half-section view: Kana chinhu chacho chiine symmetry plane, chifananidzo chinoratidzwa pamusoro peprojection surface perpendicular to the symmetry plane inogona kusungwa nepakati mutsara, hafu yacho inodhirowa sechikamu chechikamu, uye imwe hafu inodhirowa se. maonero, anonzi a half-section view.

4. Dimensions uye kunyora

1.Tsanangudzo yehukuru: kukosha kwenhamba inomiririra kukosha kwemutsetse mune chimwe chikamu

2. Saizi yemhando:
1)Saizi yekutanga Saizi yemuganho saizi inogona kuverengerwa nekushandisa iyo yepamusoro uye yakaderera kutsauka.
2)Saizi chaiyo Saizi inowanikwa nekuyera.
3)Limit size Zviviri zvakanyanyisa zvinotenderwa nehukuru, iyo huru inodaidzwa kuti yakanyanya muganhu saizi; diki racho rinonzi saizi yeganhuriro shoma.
4)Kutsauswa kwehukuru Musiyano wealgebraic unowanikwa nekubvisa saizi yekutanga kubva pachiyero chepamusoro saizi inonzi kutsauka kwepamusoro; musiyano wealgebraic unowanikwa nekubvisa saizi yekutanga kubva paudiki diki saizi inonzi kutsauka kwepasi. Kutsauka kwepamusoro uye kwepasi kunobatanidzwa kunonzi kuderedzwa kwemiganhu, uye kutsauka kunogona kuva kwakanaka kana kusina kunaka.
5)Dimensional tolerance, inonzi tolerance, ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati pehupamhi hwekugumira saizi minus iyo yediki muganho saizi, inova inobvumidzwa saizi shanduko. Dimensional tolerances inogara yakanaka
Somuenzaniso: Φ20 0.5 -0.31; uko Φ20 ndiyo saizi yekutanga uye 0.81 ndiko kushivirira. 0.5 ndiko kutsauka kwepamusoro, -0.31 ndiko kutsauka kwepasi. 20.5 uye 19.69 ndiwo akanyanya uye mashoma muganho saizi zvakateerana.
6)Zero line
Muchidimbu uye dhayagiramu yakakodzera, mutsara wakatwasuka unomiririra chiyero chekutanga, zvichibva pane izvo kutsauka uye kushivirira kunotemwa.
7)Standard tolerance
Chero kushivirira kunotsanangurwa muhurongwa hwemiganhu uye inokwana. Chiyero chenyika chinoti kune imwe saizi yekutanga, pane 20 mwero wekushivirira muchiyero chekushivirira.
Kushivirira kwakakamurwa kuita matatu akateedzana zviyero: CT, IT, uye JT. CT yakatevedzana ndiyo yekukanda kushivirira chiyero, IT ndiyo ISO yepasi rose dimension kushivirira, JT ndiyo kushivirira kweiyo Ministry of Machinery yeChina.

Yakasiyana kushivirira mamakisi kune akasiyana zvigadzirwa. Iyo yakakwirira giredhi, iyo inokwirisa tekinoroji yekugadzira zvinodiwa uye kukwira kwemutengo. Semuenzaniso, iyo yekushivirira nhanho yekukanda jecha kazhinji ndeye CT8-CT10, nepo kambani yedu inoshandisa chiyero chepasi rose CT6-CT9 yekukandira chaiko.

8)Kutsauka kwekutanga Mumuganho uye hurongwa hwakakodzera, sarudza kutsauka kwemuganhu wenzvimbo yekushivirira zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemutsara we zero, kazhinji kutsauka pedyo nemutsara we zero. Chiyero chenyika chinotara kuti kodhi yekutanga yekutsauka inomiririrwa nemavara echiLatin, vara guru rinoratidza gomba, uye mavara madiki anoratidza shaft, uye 28 mibairo yakatsauka inomisikidzwa kune yega yega saizi chikamu chegomba uye shaft. Dzidza UG kuronga uye wedzera Q boka. 726236503 kukubatsira.

3. Dimension marking

1)Dimensioning zvinodiwa
Saizi pane chikamu chekudhirowa ndiyo hwaro hwekugadzirisa uye kuongororwa kana uchigadziracnc milling products. Naizvozvo, pamusoro pekuve chokwadi, kuzara uye kujeka, zviyero zvakamisikidzwa pachikamu chekudhirowa zvinofanirwa kuve zvine musoro sezvinobvira, kunyangwe zviyero zvakacherechedzwa zvichisangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye zviri nyore kugadzirisa uye kuyerwa.
2)Size reference
Dimensional benchmarks ndiwo mabenchmark ekumaka madimensions ekumisikidza. Dimensional mabhenji anowanzo kukamurwa kuita dhizaini mabhenji (anoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo yezvimiro zvezvikamu panguva yekugadzira) uye mabhenji mabhenji (anoshandiswa kumisa, kugadzirisa uye kuongorora panguva yekugadzira).
Iyo yepasi pepamusoro, yekupedzisira nzvimbo, symmetry ndege, axis uye denderedzwa pakati pechikamu chinogona kushandiswa seyedhamu saizi datum uye inogona kukamurwa kuita main datum uye yekubatsira datum. Kazhinji, imwe dhizaini datum inosarudzwa seyakanyanya datum mune imwe neimwe yenzira nhatu dzehurefu, hupamhi, uye kureba, uye ivo vanosarudza hukuru hwechikamu. Aya makuru makuru anokanganisa kushanda kwekushanda uye kurongeka kweungano yezvikamu mumushini. Naizvozvo, zviyero zvikuru zvinofanirwa kubaiwa zvakananga kubva kune huru datum. Mamwe asara edimensional datum kunze kweiyo huru datum madhamu ekubatsira kufambisa uye kuyerwa. Sekondari datums ine zviyero zvine chekuita neyekutanga datum.

5. Kushivirira uye kukodzera

Paunenge uchigadzira uye kuunganidza michina mumabheti, zvinodikanwa kuti batch yezvikamu zvinofananidzira zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye kushandisa zvinodiwa chero bedzi zvichigadziriswa zvinoenderana nemifananidzo uye kuunganidzwa pasina kusarudzwa. Iyi pfuma pakati pezvikamu inodaidzwa kuti kushandurana. Mushure mekunge zvikamu zvachinjana, kugadzira uye kugadzirisa kwezvikamu uye zvikamu zvinorerutswa zvakanyanya, kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kunopfupikiswa, kugadzirwa kunovandudzwa, uye mutengo unoderedzwa.

Pfungwa yekushivirira uye yakakodzera

1 kushivirira
Kana ukuru hwezvikamu zvichagadzirwa uye kugadziriswa zvakanyatsorongeka, hazvigoneki. Nekudaro, kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuchinjana kwezvikamu, iyo inotenderwa dimensional musiyano inotarwa maererano nekushandiswa kwezvinodiwa zvezvikamu panguva yekugadzira inonzi dimensional tolerance, kana kushivirira kwenguva pfupi. Iyo idiki kukosha kwekushivirira, ndiko kuti, iyo idiki mutsauko weiyo inotenderwa kukanganisa, zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzirisa.

2 Pfungwa yechimiro uye kushivirira chinzvimbo (inonzi chimiro uye kushivirira chinzvimbo)
Pamusoro pechikamu chakagadziriswa hachina kungoita zvikanganiso zvedimensional, asiwo inoburitsa zvikanganiso zvechimiro uye chinzvimbo. Mhosho idzi hadzingodzikisi kurongeka kwecnc machining simbi zvikamu, asiwo zvinokanganisa maitiro. Naizvozvo, chiyero chenyika chinotsanangura chimiro uye kushivirira kwechinzvimbo chechikamu, chinonzi chimiro uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo.

1) Zviratidzo zvekushivirira kwejometri zvinhu
Sezvinoratidzwa mutafura 2

2) Cherechedza nzira yekushivirira kwedimensional mumifananidzo yecnc michina zvikamu
Dimensional kushivirira mune chikamu madhirowa anowanzo kucherechedzwa nemiganhu yekutsauka kukosha, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.

3) Izvo zvinodikanwa zvechimiro uye kushivirira kwechinzvimbo chebhachi zvinopihwa mushishi, uye sash inoumbwa maviri kana anopfuura magridi. Zviri mufuremu zvichazadzwa nenzira inotevera kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi: Chiratidzo chechimiro chekushivirira, kukosha kwekushivirira, uye vara rimwe chete kana anopfuura kuratidza datum chimiro kana datum system kana zvichidikanwa. Sezvinoratidzwa pamufananidzo a. Kupfuura chimwe chete kushivirira chimiro chechinhu chimwe chete

Kana zvichidiwa nepurojekiti, sashi imwe inogona kuiswa pasi peimwe sashi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo b.

4) Kuyerwa zvinhu
Batanidza chinhu chakayerwa kune rumwe rutivi rwekushivirira furemu negwara rine museve, uye museve wegwara rinonongedza pahupamhi kana dhayamita renzvimbo yekushivirira. Zvikamu zvinoratidzwa nemiseve inotungamira zvinogona kusanganisira:
(1)Kana chinhu chinofanirwa kuyerwa chiri axis yakazara kana ndege yepakati, museve wemutungamiri unogona kunanga kune axis kana pakati, sezvakaratidzwa kuruboshwe mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
(2)Kana chinhu chinoyerwa chiri axis, pakati pebhora kana ndege yepakati, museve wemutungamiri unofanira kuenderana nedimension line yechinhu, sezviri kuratidzwa pamufananidzo uri pazasi.
(3)Kana chinhu chinoyerwa chiri mutsara kana pamusoro, museve wemutsetse unotungamira unofanira kunongedza kumutsara wechinhu kana mutsara wacho wekubuda kunze, uye unofanirwa kudzedzereka zvakajeka nemutsetse, sezviri kuratidzwa kurudyi. yemufananidzo uri pasi apa

5) Datum zvinhu
Batanidza iyo datum element neimwe magumo eshiviriro furemu ine mutsara wemutungamiri une chiratidzo chedhamu, sezvakaratidzwa kuruboshwe mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
(1)Kana iyo datum iri mutsara wekutanga kana pamusoro, chiratidzo chedhamu chinofanirwa kumakwa padhuze neratidziro kana mutsara wekutungamirira kunze kwechinhu chacho, uye chinofanirwa kudzikamiswa zvakajeka nemuseve wemutsetse, sezvinoratidzwa kuruboshwe mumufananidzo uri pazasi. .
(2)Kana iyo datum element iri axis, pakati pedenderedzwa kana yepakati ndege, chiratidzo chedhamu chinofanira kuva.
Gadzirisana nemuseve wemutsetse wechikamu, sezvaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri pazasi.
(3)Kana iyo datum element iri iyo yakazara axis kana yakajairika ndege yepakati, chiratidzo chedatum chinogona kuva
Maka zvakananga padyo neyakajairwa axis (kana common centerline), sezvakaratidzwa kurudyi rwechifananidzo pazasi.

3 Tsanangudzo Yakadzama yeGeometric Tolerance
Gadzira Zvinhu Zvekushivirira uye Zviratidzo Zvazvo

Fomu Rekushivirira Muenzaniso

Project	Siriyero nhamba	Kudhirowa annotation	Tolerance zone	Tsanangudzo
Kutwasuka	1			Mutsetse chaiwo unofanirwa kunge uri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana dzine chinhambwe che 0.02mm munzira inotaridzwa nemuseve.
	2			Mutsetse chaiwo unofanirwa kunge uri mukati me quadrangular prism ine chinhambwe che 0.04mm munzira yakachinjika uye chinhambwe che 0.02mm munzira yakatwasuka.
	3			Axis chaiyo ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri mucylinder ine dhayamita iri Φ0.04mm ine akisi yakanaka seakisi.
	4			Chero mutsara wepakutanga pane cylindrical pamusoro unofanirwa kunge uri muaxial plane uye pakati pemitsetse miviri yakatwasuka ine chinhambwe che 0.02mm.
	5			Chero mutsara wechinhu muhurefu hwekutungamira kwechiso unofanirwa kuwanikwa pakati pemitsetse miviri yakatwasuka ine chinhambwe che 0.04mm muchikamu cheaxial mukati mehurefu hupi hwe100mm.
Flatness	6			Nzvimbo chaiyo inofanirwa kunge iri mundege mbiri dzakafanana dzine chinhambwe che 0.1mm munzira inoratidzwa nemuseve.
Roundness	7			Muchikamu chipi nechipi chakajairwa perpendicular kune axis, chikamu chayo chikamu chinofanira kunge chiri pakati pemadenderedzwa maviri akadzikama ane radius musiyano we0.02mm.
Cylindricity	8			Iyo chaiyo cylindrical surface inofanirwa kunge iri pakati peaviri coaxial cylindrical nzvimbo ine radius musiyano we0.05mm.

Oriental Position Kushivirira Muenzaniso 1

Project	Siriyero nhamba	Kudhirowa annotation	Tolerance zone	Tsanangudzo
Parallelism	1			Axis ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana dzine chinhambwe che 0.1mm uye inofambirana nereferensi axis munzira yakatwasuka.
	2			Axis ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri mu quadrangular prism ine chinhambwe che 0.2mm munzira yakachinjika uye chinhambwe che 0.1mm munzira yakatwasuka uye inofambirana nereferensi axis.
	3			Axis ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri mucylindrical surface ine dhayamita ye Φ0.1mm uye inofambirana nereferensi axis.
Verticality	4			Kuruboshwe kumucheto kunofanirwa kunge kuri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana dzine chinhambwe che 0.05mm uye perpendicular kune referensi axis.
	5			Iyo axis ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo yecylindrical ine dhayamita ye Φ0.05mm uye perpendicular kune datum ndege.
	6			Iyo axis ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri mu quadrangular prism ine chikamu che 0.1mm × 0.2mm uye perpendicular kune datum ndege.
Inclination	7			Axis ye Φd inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana dzine chinhambwe che 0.1mm uye ne theoretically angle angle ye60° ine referensi axis.

Oriental Position Kushivirira Muenzaniso 2

Project	Siriyero nhamba	Kudhirowa annotation	Tolerance zone	Tsanangudzo
Concentricity	1			Axis ye Φd inofanirwa kurara mucylindrical surface ine dhayamita ye Φ0.1mm uye coaxial ine common reference axis AB. Iyo yakajairwa referensi axis ndiyo yakanakira axis yakagovaniswa nemaakisi maviri chaiwo eA uye B, ayo anotemerwa zvichienderana nehudiki mamiriro.
Symmetry	2			Ndege yepakati yegorofu inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana dzine chinhambwe che 0.1mm uye symmetrical kurongeka maererano nereferensi yepakati ndege (0.05mm kumusoro nekudzika)
Position	3			Matemo emana Φd maburi anofanirwa kunge ari munzvimbo ina cylindrical ane dhayamita ye Φt uye nzvimbo yakanaka seakisi. 4 maburi iboka remakomba ane matemo akakodzera anoumba geometric frame. Mamiriro eiyo geometric furemu pachikamu inotarwa neiyo diki chaiyo zviyero zvine chekuita nedhamu A, B, uye C.
Position	4			Matemo e4 Φd maburi anofanira kunge ari munzvimbo ye4 cylindrical ane dhayamita ye Φ0.05mm uye nzvimbo yakanaka seakisi. Iyo geometric furemu yeboka rayo 4-gomba rinogona kushandurwa, kutenderedzwa uye kurerekera kumusoro uye pasi, kuruboshwe uye kurudyi mukati menzvimbo yekushivirira (± ΔL1 uye ± ΔL2) yezvimiro zvayo (L1 neL2).

Runout Kushivirira Muenzaniso

Project	Siriyero nhamba	Kudhirowa annotation	Tolerance zone	Tsanangudzo
Radial denderedzwa kubuda	1			(Mune chero ndege yekuyera perpendicular kune referensi axis, maviri concentric madenderedzwa ane radius musiyano pane referensi axis kushivirira kwe0.05mm) Kana iyo Φd cylindrical surface inotenderera yakatenderedza axis yereferensi isina axial kufamba, iyo radial runout mune chero ndege yekuyera (musiyano pakati pehukuru uye hushoma kuverenga kuyerwa nechiratidzo) haizove yakakura kupfuura 0.05mm.
Pedzisa kubuda	2			(Cylindrical surface ine hupamhi hwe 0.05mm pamwe chete negwara rejenaretisi pane yakayerwa cylindrical pamusoro pane chero dhayamita chinzvimbo coaxial ine datum axis) Kana chikamu chakayerwa chichitenderedza akisi yereferenzi isina axial kufamba, axial runout pane chero kuyerwa kwedhayamita dr (0
Oblique denderedzwa kubuda	3			(Conical surface ine hupamhi hwe 0.05 pamwe negwara rejenareti pane chero yekuyera conical surface iyo inobatana nereferensi axis uye iyo generatrix iri perpendicular pamusoro pekuyerwa) Kana iyo conical pamusoro ichitenderera yakatenderedza axis yereferenzi isina axial kufamba, iyo inoyerera pane chero yekuyera conical nzvimbo haipfuure 0.05mm.
Radial kupera kwakazara	4			(Maviri ari coaxial cylindrical anotarisana ane radius musiyano we 0.05mm uye coaxial ine referensi axis) Iyo yepamusoro ye Φd inotenderera ichienderera ichitenderedza axis yereferenzi isina axial kufamba, nepo chiratidzo chinofamba mutsara uchienderana negwara rereferenzi axis. Iyo inobuda pane yese Φd pamusoro haifanire kunge yakakura kupfuura 0.05mm
Full runout	5			(Ndege mbiri dzakafanana dzakatenderedza kune referensi axis ine kushivirira kwe0.03mm) Chikamu chakayerwa chinoita kutenderera kunoramba kuchitenderera pasina axial kufamba kwakatenderedza axis yereferensi, uye panguva imwe chete, chiratidzo chinofamba chichienda negwara reiyo vertical axis yepasi, uye kubuda kwese kwese kwekupedzisira hakuzove kwakakura kupfuura 0.03mm.

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