Me yasa Scraping Yana da Mahimmanci don Aiwatar da Kayan Aikin Na'ura

Lokacin da aka lura da masu fasaha suna zazzage hannu a masana'antar kayan aikin injin, mutum zai iya tambaya: “Shin wannan dabarar za ta iya haɓaka saman da injina ke samarwa da gaske? Shin basirar ɗan adam ta fi na injina?”

Idan an mayar da hankali kan kayan ado kawai, amsar ita ce "a'a." Scraping baya inganta sha'awar gani, amma akwai dalilai masu karfi na ci gaba da amfani da shi. Maɓalli ɗaya mai mahimmanci shine ɓangaren ɗan adam: yayin da aka ƙera kayan aikin injin don ƙirƙirar wasu kayan aikin, ba za su iya samar da samfurin da ya wuce daidaitaccen asali ba. Don cimma na'ura tare da daidaito mafi girma fiye da magabata, dole ne mu kafa sabon tushe, wanda ke buƙatar sa hannun ɗan adam - musamman, gogewa da hannu.

Scraping ba tsari ba ne na bazuwar ko rashin tsari; a maimakon haka, hanya ce ta ainihin kwafi wanda ke kwatanta ainihin aikin aikin, wanda ke aiki azaman madaidaicin jirgin sama, wanda kuma aka yi shi da hannu.

Duk da yanayin da ake buƙata, gogewa aiki ne na ƙwararru (kamar nau'in fasaha). Horar da gwanin gogewa na iya zama ƙalubale fiye da horar da gwanin katako. Abubuwan da ke tattauna wannan batu ba su da yawa, musamman game da dalilin da ke tattare da gogewa, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen fahimtarsa ​​a matsayin fasaha.

Inda zan fara

Idan masana'anta ya zaɓi yin amfani da injin niƙa don cire kayan maimakon gogewa, titin jagorar injin niƙa na “Master” dole ne ya nuna daidaici fiye da na sabon injin niƙa.

Don haka, menene ke tabbatar da daidaiton injin farko?

Wannan madaidaicin na iya fitowa daga na'ura mai ci gaba, ya dogara da wata hanyar da za ta iya samar da fili mai faɗi da gaske, ko kuma an samo shi daga wani fili mai ɗorewa mai kyau.

Don kwatanta tsarin samar da sararin sama, zamu iya la'akari da hanyoyi guda uku na zane da'irori (ko da yake da'irori sune layi na fasaha, suna aiki don bayyana ra'ayi). Kwararren mai sana'a na iya ƙirƙirar da'irar cikakke ta amfani da daidaitaccen kamfas. Akasin haka, idan ya gano rami mai zagaye akan samfurin filastik tare da fensir, zai kwaikwayi duk rashin lahani na wannan rami. Idan ya yi ƙoƙari ya zana da'irar da hannu kyauta, sakamakon da aka samu zai iyakance ta matakin ƙwarewarsa.

A ka'idar, ana iya samun daidaitaccen fili ta hanyar karkatar da saman uku. Alal misali, yi la'akari da duwatsu guda uku, kowannensu yana da fili mai faɗi. Ta hanyar shafa waɗannan filaye tare a jere bazuwar, za ku daidaita su a hankali. Duk da haka, yin amfani da duwatsu guda biyu kawai zai haifar da nau'i-nau'i mai ma'ana da ma'ana. A aikace, lapping yana ƙunshe da takamaiman jeri na haɗin gwiwa, wanda ƙwararrun lapping yawanci ke yin aiki don ƙirƙirar ma'aunin jig ɗin da ake so, kamar madaidaiciyar baki ko farantin lebur.

A lokacin aikin lapping, gwani ya fara amfani da mai haɓaka launi zuwa daidaitaccen jig sannan kuma ya zame shi a saman saman aikin don gano wuraren da ke buƙatar gogewa. Ana maimaita wannan aikin, a hankali yana kusantar da saman kayan aikin kusa da na daidaitaccen jig, a ƙarshe yana samun cikakkiyar kwafi.

Kafin a goge, ana niƙa simintin gyare-gyare zuwa ƴan dubbai sama da girman ƙarshe, ana ba da magani mai zafi don rage damuwa, sannan a dawo don gama niƙa. Duk da yake gogewa shine tsari mai cin lokaci da aiki, zai iya zama madadin farashi mai mahimmanci ga hanyoyin da ke buƙatar injuna masu mahimmanci. Idan ba a yi amfani da gogewa ba, dole ne a gama aikin ta amfani da na'ura mai mahimmanci da tsada.

Baya ga gagarumin farashin kayan aiki da ke da alaƙa da kammala matakin ƙarshe, dole ne a yi la'akari da wani muhimmin al'amari: wajibcin danne nauyi yayin aikin injinan sassa, musamman manyan simintin gyare-gyare. A lokacin da machining tolerances na 'yan dubbai, da clamping karfi na iya haifar da murdiya na workpiece, tare da hadarin da daidaito da zarar an saki karfi. Bugu da ƙari, zafin da ake samu yayin aikin injin na iya ƙara ba da gudummawa ga wannan murdiya.

Wannan shine inda scraping ke ba da fa'idodi daban-daban. Ba kamar injina na gargajiya ba, gogewa baya haɗawa da runduna, kuma zafin da ake samarwa ba shi da yawa. Ana goyan bayan manyan kayan aikin a maki uku, suna tabbatar da cewa sun kasance barga kuma basu da nakasu saboda nauyin nasu.

Lokacin da kayan aikin injin ya zama sawa, ana iya dawo da shi ta hanyar sake gogewa, babban fa'ida idan aka kwatanta da madadin jefar da na'urar ko mayar da ita zuwa masana'anta don rarrabuwa da sake sarrafawa.

Ma'aikatan kula da masana'anta na iya yin sake gogewa, amma kuma yana yiwuwa a haɗa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun gida don wannan aikin.

A wasu yanayi, ana iya amfani da gogewar hannu da na lantarki don cimma daidaiton lissafin da ake so. Misali, idan an goge saitin tebur da waƙoƙin sirdi kuma sun cika ƙayyadaddun da ake buƙata, amma an gano tebur ɗin yana da kuskure tare da sandal, gyara wannan kuskuren na iya zama mai ɗaukar nauyi. Ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don cire adadin abubuwan da suka dace a cikin daidaitattun wurare ta amfani da ƙwanƙwasa kawai-yayin da ke riƙe da laushi da magance rashin daidaituwa-yana da yawa.

Duk da yake ba a yi nufin gogewa a matsayin hanya don gyara manyan kuskure ba, ƙwararren ƙwararren na iya cika irin wannan daidaitawa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci mai ban mamaki. Wannan tsarin yana buƙatar babban matakin ƙwarewa amma galibi yana da tsada fiye da sarrafa sassa da yawa don ɗaukar haƙuri ko aiwatar da ƙira mai ƙira don rage rashin daidaituwa.

Ingantaccen man shafawa

Kwarewa ta nuna cewa tsagewar dogo na haɓaka ingancin man shafawa, ta yadda za a rage juzu'i, kodayake ana ci gaba da muhawara a kan dalilan da suka haddasa. Ka'idar da aka fi sani da ita tana nuna cewa ƙananan wuraren da aka goge-musamman, ramukan da aka ƙirƙira - suna aiki azaman tafki don lubrication, barin mai ya taru a cikin ƙananan ƙananan aljihunan da aka kafa ta manyan wuraren da ke kewaye.

Wani hangen nesa ya nuna cewa waɗannan aljihu na yau da kullun suna sauƙaƙe kiyaye daidaitaccen fim ɗin mai, yana ba da damar sassa masu motsi su yi yawo lafiya lau, wanda shine babban makasudin sa mai. Wannan al'amari yana faruwa ne saboda rashin bin ka'ida yana haifar da isasshen sarari don adana mai. Da kyau, lubrication yana aiki mafi kyau lokacin da ci gaba da fim ɗin mai ya kasance tsakanin saman biyu daidai santsi; duk da haka, wannan yana haifar da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da hana mai daga tserewa ko kuma buƙatar sake cikawa cikin gaggawa. Filayen dogo, ko goge ko a'a, yawanci suna haɗa ramukan mai don taimakawa wajen rarraba mai.

Wannan tattaunawar ta haifar da tambayoyi game da mahimmancin wurin tuntuɓar. Duk da yake gogewa yana rage yanki gabaɗaya, yana haɓaka rarraba daidaitattun daidaituwa, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen lubrication. Mafi santsin shimfidar mating, mafi daidaito rarraba lamba. Koyaya, ƙa'ida ta asali a cikin injiniyoyi ta faɗi cewa "ƙarƙashi ba ta da zaman kanta ba tare da yanki ba," yana nuna cewa ƙarfin da ake buƙata don matsar da tebur ɗin ya kasance koyaushe ba tare da la'akari da ko yanki na lamba 10 ko 100 murabba'in inci ba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa lalacewa shine la'akari daban-daban; Karamin wurin tuntuɓar da ke ƙarƙashin kaya ɗaya zai fuskanci saurin lalacewa.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata mu mai da hankali kan cimma mafi kyawun man shafawa maimakon kawai daidaita wurin tuntuɓar. Idan man shafawa yana da kyau, saman waƙar zai nuna ƙarancin lalacewa. Don haka, idan tebur yana fuskantar matsalolin motsi saboda lalacewa, yana iya yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da lamuran lubrication maimakon wurin tuntuɓar kansa.

Yadda ake gogewa

Kafin gano manyan wuraren da ke buƙatar gogewa, fara da amfani da mai launi zuwa daidaitaccen jig, kamar farantin lebur ko madaidaiciyar ma'aunin jig da aka ƙera don goge waƙoƙin V. Na gaba, shafa ma'auni mai launi mai launi akan saman waƙa don gogewa; wannan zai canja wurin mai launi zuwa manyan wuraren waƙa. Daga baya, yi amfani da kayan aikin gogewa na musamman don cire manyan maki masu launi. Ya kamata a maimaita wannan tsari har sai saman waƙar ya nuna daidaitaccen canjin launi.

Dole ne ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ya kasance ƙwararren fasaha daban-daban. Anan, zan zayyana muhimman hanyoyi guda biyu.

Na farko, kafin tsarin canza launi, yana da kyau a yi amfani da fayil maras ban sha'awa don shafa shi a hankaliFarashin CNCsurface, yadda ya kamata cire duk wani burrs.

Na biyu, lokacin tsaftace saman, yi amfani da goga ko hannunka maimakon tsumma. Shafa da kyalle na iya barin zaruruwa masu kyau waɗanda za su iya haifar da alamomi masu ɓarna yayin canza launi mai tsayi na gaba.

Scraper zai tantance aikin su ta hanyar kwatanta daidaitaccen jig tare da saman waƙa. Matsayin mai duba shine kawai sanar da mai gogewa lokacin da zai daina aiki, ba da damar mai gogewa ya mai da hankali kawai kan tsarin gogewa da ɗaukar alhakin ingancin kayan aikin su.

A tarihi, mun kiyaye ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi game da adadin manyan maki kowane inci murabba'i da adadin jimlar yanki a tuntuɓar. Duk da haka, mun sami kusan ba zai yiwu a auna daidai wurin tuntuɓar ba, don haka yanzu an bar shi ga mai gogewa don tantance adadin maki masu dacewa a kowane murabba'in inch. Gabaɗaya, makasudin shine a cimma ma'auni na maki 20 zuwa 30 a kowace inci murabba'i.

A cikin ayyukan goge-goge na zamani, wasu ayyukan daidaitawa suna amfani da kayan aikin lantarki, waɗanda, yayin da har yanzu wani nau'i ne na gogewar hannu, na iya rage wasu nau'ikan jiki da kuma sa aikin ya zama ƙasa da gajiyawa. Duk da haka, ba za a iya maye gurbin abin da aka yi ba game da gogewa da hannu, musamman a lokacin ayyuka masu laushi.

Scraping alamu

Akwai nau'ikan alamu iri-iri da ake samu. Wasu daga cikin na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ƙirar baka, ƙirar murabba'i, ƙirar igiyar ruwa, da ƙirar fanti. Musamman ma, ƙirar baka na farko sune ƙirar wata da hadiye.

1. Tsarin Arc-dimbin yawa da hanyoyin gogewa

Fara ta hanyar amfani da gefen hagu na ɓangarorin gogewa don gogewa, sannan a ci gaba da gogewa daga hagu zuwa dama (kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto A ƙasa). A lokaci guda, karkatar da wuyan hannu na hagu don ba da damar ruwa ya yi murzawa daga hagu zuwa dama (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na B da ke ƙasa), yana sauƙaƙa sauƙi mai sauƙi a cikin motsin gogewa.

Tsawon kowane alamar wuka a tsaye ya kamata ya zama kusan 10mm. Wannan tsari na goge baki yana faruwa da sauri, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar nau'ikan sifar baka iri-iri. Bugu da ƙari, za ku iya jujjuya diagonally daga dama zuwa hagu ta amfani da matsi tare da wuyan hannu na hagu da karkatar da wuyan hannu na dama don jujjuya ruwan daga dama zuwa hagu, tabbatar da canji maras kyau a cikin aikin gogewa.

Hanyar ɓata ƙirar baka na asali

Tips don Scraping Arc Patterns

Lokacin zazzage ƙirar baka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin ɓarna da fasahohi na iya tasiri sosai ga siffar, girman, da kusurwar samfuran da aka samu. Ga wasu mahimman la'akari:

1. Zabi Dama mai Scraper: Nisa, kauri, radius baka na ruwa, da kusurwar ƙwanƙwasa kai duk suna tasiri siffar ƙirar baka. Zaɓin abin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci.

2. Sarrafa motsin hannu: Ƙware girman karkatar da wuyan hannu da tsawon bugun bugun jini yana da mahimmanci don cimma sakamakon da ake so.

3. Yi amfani da Ƙarƙashin Ruwa: Gabaɗaya, girman girma a cikin motsin wuyan hannu tare da ɗan guntuwar bugun jini zai haifar da ƙananan kusurwoyi da sifofi a cikin sifofin baƙar fata, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a Hoto C na sama.

Tsarin Wata da Dabarun Scraping

Kafin fara aikin gogewa, yi amfani da fensir don yiwa murabba'ai alama tare da takamaiman tazara akan saman aikin. Lokacin zazzagewa, yi amfani da madauwari madauwari mai kyau scraper, sanya tsakiyar layin ruwan a kusurwa 45° zuwa layin tsakiya na tsaye na workpiece. Goge daga gaba zuwa baya na workpiece don cimma tsarin wata da ake so.

(2) Tsarin hadiye da hanyar gogewa Ana nuna tsarin hadiye a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Kafin gogewa, yi amfani da fensir don zana murabba'i tare da takamaiman tazara a saman kayan aikin. Lokacin zazzagewa, yi amfani da madauwari madauwari mai kyau scraper, tare da tsakiyar layin jirgin ruwa da layin tsakiya na layin workpiece a kusurwar 45 °, da kuma goge daga gaba zuwa baya na workpiece. Ana nuna hanyoyin sharewa gama gari a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.

Da farko, zazzage tsarin baka da wuka ta farko, sannan a goge tsarin baka na biyu kadan kadan a kasa da tsarin baka na farko, ta yadda za a iya goge wani tsari irin na hadiye, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton b a sama.

2. Square samfurin da scraping hanya

An kwatanta tsarin murabba'in a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Kafin a goge, yi amfani da fensir don yiwa murabba'ai alama tare da takamaiman tazara akan saman aikin. Lokacin zazzagewa, sanya tsakiyar layin ruwan a kusurwar 45° zuwa layin tsakiya na tsaye na workpiece, kuma a goge daga gaba zuwa baya.

Mahimmin fasaha na gogewa ya haɗa da yin amfani da ƙuƙƙarfan scraper tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya ko babban gefen radius arc don guntun turawa na gajeren lokaci. Bayan kammala murabba'in farko, tabbatar da kiyaye nisan murabba'i-da gaske barin grid-kafin a ci gaba da goge murabba'i na biyu.

3. Wave model da scraping hanya

An kwatanta tsarin igiyar ruwa a hoto A a ƙasa. Kafin fara aikin gogewa, yi amfani da fensir don yiwa murabba'ai alama tare da takamaiman tazara akan saman aikin. Lokacin zazzagewa, tabbatar da cewa tsakiyar layin ruwan ya yi daidai da layin tsakiya na tsayin daka.machining sassa, da kuma goge daga baya zuwa gaba.

Mahimmin fasaha na gogewa ya haɗa da yin amfani da maƙalar ƙira. Zaɓi wuri mai faɗi da ya dace don ruwan wukake, yawanci a mahadar murabba'ai masu alama. Bayan ruwan ruwa ya faɗo, matsar da diagonal zuwa hagu. Da zarar ka isa tsayin da aka keɓance (yawanci a mahadar), matsawa kai tsaye zuwa dama kuma ka goge zuwa wani takamaiman wuri kafin ɗaga ruwan, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na B a ƙasa.

4. Fan-dimbin ƙira da hanyar scraping

An kwatanta ƙirar mai sifar fan a cikin Hoto A a ƙasa. Kafin a goge, yi amfani da fensir don yiwa murabba'ai da layukan kusurwa tare da takamaiman tazara akan saman aikin. Don ƙirƙirar sifar fan, yi amfani da ƙugiya-kai (kamar yadda aka kwatanta a Hoto B a ƙasa). Ƙarshen dama na ruwa ya kamata a kaifi, yayin da gefen hagu ya kamata ya zama dan kadan, tabbatar da cewa gefen ruwa ya kasance a tsaye. Ana nuna mahimman fasahar gogewa a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.

Zaɓi wurin da ya dace don ruwan wukake, yawanci a mahadar layin da aka yiwa alama. Riƙe scraper da hannun hagu kamar 50mm daga titin ruwa, yin ɗan matsa lamba ƙasa zuwa hagu. Tare da hannun dama, jujjuya ruwa zuwa agogon agogon kusa da ƙarshen hagu a matsayin maƙallan pivot. Kuskuren jujjuyawa na yau da kullun sune 90° da 135°. An kwatanta madaidaicin sifar fan a cikin Hoto C a sama.

Yin amfani da ƙarfi mara kyau na iya haifar da goge ƙarshen duka biyu a lokaci ɗaya, yana haifar da ƙirar da aka kwatanta a Hoto D na sama. Samfuran da aka ƙirƙira ta wannan hanya za su kasance marasa zurfi sosai, yana haifar da ƙirar da ba daidai ba.

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