Maganin saman ya ƙunshi amfani da hanyoyin injiniya da sinadarai don ƙirƙirar shinge mai kariya a saman samfurin, wanda ke aiki don kiyaye jiki. Wannan tsari yana ba samfurin damar isa ga daidaiton yanayi a yanayi, yana haɓaka juriyar lalatarsa, kuma yana haɓaka ƙawar sa, a ƙarshe yana ƙara ƙimarsa. Lokacin zabar hanyoyin jiyya a saman, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da yanayin amfani da samfurin, tsawon rayuwar da ake tsammani, kyawun kyan gani, da ƙimar tattalin arziki.
Tsarin jiyya na saman ya ƙunshi riga-kafi, ƙirƙirar fim, jiyya bayan fim, shiryawa, ajiya, da jigilar kaya. Kafin magani ya ƙunshi injiniyoyi da magunguna.
Maganin injina ya ƙunshi matakai irin su fashewa, fashewar fashewar bam, niƙa, gogewa, da kakin zuma. Manufarsa ita ce kawar da rashin daidaituwa a saman da kuma magance wasu kurakuran da ba a so. A halin yanzu, maganin sinadarai yana kawar da mai da tsatsa daga saman samfurin kuma ya haifar da wani Layer wanda zai ba da damar abubuwan da ke yin fim su haɗu da kyau. Wannan tsari kuma yana tabbatar da cewa rufin ya sami kwanciyar hankali, yana haɓaka mannewar Layer na kariya, kuma yana ba da fa'idodin kariya ga samfurin.
Aluminum surface jiyya
Maganin sinadarai na gama gari don aluminum sun haɗa da matakai kamar chromization, zanen, electroplating, anodizing, electrophoresis, da ƙari. Magungunan injina sun ƙunshi zanen waya, goge goge, feshi, niƙa, da sauran su.
1. Chromization
Chromization yana ƙirƙirar fim ɗin jujjuya sinadarai akan saman samfurin, tare da kauri daga 0.5 zuwa 4 micrometers. Wannan fim yana da kyawawan kaddarorin talla kuma ana amfani da shi da farko azaman rufin rufi. Zai iya samun launin rawaya na zinari, aluminium na halitta, ko bayyanar kore.
Fim ɗin da aka samu yana da kyawawa mai kyau, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi don samfuran lantarki kamar igiyoyi masu ɗaukar hoto a cikin batirin wayar hannu da na'urorin magnetoelectric. Ya dace don amfani akan duk samfuran aluminium da aluminum gami. Duk da haka, fim din yana da laushi kuma ba shi da tsayayya, don haka bai dace da amfani da waje bamadaidaicin sassana samfurin.
Tsarin keɓancewa:
Degreasing —> aluminic acid dehydration —> gyare-gyare —> marufi —> warehousing
Chromization ya dace da aluminum da aluminum gami, magnesium, da kuma magnesium gami kayayyakin.
Bukatun inganci:
1) Launi yana da uniform, fim ɗin fim ɗin yana da kyau, ba za a iya samun raunuka, ƙwanƙwasa, taɓawa da hannu ba, babu rashin ƙarfi, ash da sauran abubuwan mamaki.
2) Kauri daga cikin fim din Layer ne 0.3-4um.
2. Anodizing
Anodizing: Yana iya samar da uniform da m Layer oxide a saman samfurin (Al2O3). 6H2O, wanda aka fi sani da karfe jade, wannan fim na iya sa taurin samfurin ya kai 200-300 HV. Idan samfurin na musamman zai iya jurewa anodizing mai ƙarfi, taurin saman zai iya kaiwa 400-1200 HV. Saboda haka, m anodizing ne makawa surface jiyya tsari ga cylinders da watsa.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan samfurin yana da juriya mai kyau sosai kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman tsari mai mahimmanci don sufurin jiragen sama da abubuwan da suka shafi sararin samaniya. Bambanci tsakanin anodizing da wuya anodizing shi ne cewa anodizing na iya zama launin launi, kuma kayan ado ya fi kyau fiye da oxidation.
Abubuwan gine-gine da za a yi la'akari da su: anodizing yana da tsauraran buƙatun don kayan. Abubuwa daban-daban suna da tasirin ado daban-daban akan farfajiya. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sune 6061, 6063, 7075, 2024, da dai sauransu. 7075 hard oxidation shine rawaya, 6061 da 6063 sune launin ruwan kasa. Koyaya, anodizing na yau da kullun don 6061, 6063, da 7075 bai bambanta ba. 2024 yana da haɗari ga yawancin wuraren zinare.
1. Tsarin gama gari
Ayyukan anodizing na yau da kullun sun haɗa da matte launi na dabi'a, goge mai launi na halitta mai haske, rini mai haske mai haske, da matte ɗin rini (wanda za'a iya rina shi cikin kowane launi). Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da launi na halitta mai sheki mai sheki, gyale matte launi na halitta, rini mai sheki mai sheki, da rini mai laushi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai filaye masu hayaniya da haske, fesa hazo mai hayaniya, da rini na yashi. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan plating a kayan aikin haske.
2. Anodizing tsari
Degreesing —> alkali yashwa —> polishing —> neutralization —> lidi—> neutralization
Anodizing —> rini—> rufewa—> wanke ruwan zafi—> bushewa
3. Hukuncin rashin daidaituwa na gama gari
A. Tabo na iya fitowa a saman saboda rashin isassun ƙullewa da zafin ƙarfe ko ƙarancin ingancin kayan, kuma maganin da aka ba da shawarar shine a sake yin maganin zafi ko canza kayan.
B. Launukan bakan gizo suna bayyana a saman, wanda yawanci yakan faru ta hanyar kuskure a cikin aikin anode. Samfurin na iya rataye sako-sako, yana haifar da rashin aiki mara kyau. Yana buƙatar takamaiman hanyar magani da kuma sake dawo da maganin anodic bayan an dawo da iko.
C. Filayen ya yi rauni kuma yana da muni, wanda yawanci ke faruwa ta hanyar kuskure yayin sufuri, sarrafawa, jiyya, cirewar wuta, niƙa, ko sake kunna wutar lantarki.
D. Farar tabo na iya fitowa a saman yayin da ake yin tabo, yawanci ta hanyar mai ko wasu ƙazanta a cikin ruwa yayin aikin anode.
4. Matsayin inganci
1) Kaurin fim ɗin ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 5-25 micrometers, tare da taurin sama da 200HV, kuma ƙimar canjin launi na gwajin hatimi ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 5%.
2) Gwajin feshin gishiri ya kamata ya wuce sama da sa'o'i 36 kuma dole ne ya dace da ma'aunin CNS na matakin 9 ko sama.
3) Dole ne bayyanar ta zama mara lahani, tarkace, gajimare masu launi, da duk wasu abubuwan da ba a so. Kada a sami maki masu rataye ko rawaya a saman.
4) Die-cast aluminum, kamar A380, A365, A382, da dai sauransu, ba za a iya anodized.
3. Aluminum electroplating tsari
1. Amfanin aluminum da aluminum gami kayan:
Aluminum da aluminum gami kayan suna da fa'idodi daban-daban, kamar kyakyawar wutar lantarki, saurin canja wuri mai zafi, ƙayyadaddun nauyi mai haske, da ƙirƙirar sauƙi. Duk da haka, suna da rashin amfani, ciki har da ƙananan taurin, rashin juriya, mai sauƙi ga lalata intergranular, da wahalar walda, wanda zai iya iyakance aikace-aikacen su. Don haɓaka ƙarfinsu da rage raunin su, masana'antar zamani galibi suna amfani da lantarki don magance waɗannan ƙalubale.
2. Amfanin aluminum electroplating
- inganta kayan ado,
- Yana inganta taurin saman da kuma sa juriya
- Rage ƙididdiga na gogayya da ingantacciyar mai.
- Ingantattun kyawuwar yanayi.
- Inganta juriya na lalata (ciki har da hade da sauran karafa)
- Sauƙi don walda
- Yana inganta mannewa zuwa roba lokacin da aka matsa zafi.
- Ƙarfafa tunani
- Gyara juriyar juzu'i
Aluminum yana da aiki sosai, don haka kayan da ake amfani da su don lantarki yana buƙatar zama mafi aiki fiye da aluminum. Wannan yana buƙatar canjin sinadarai kafin yin amfani da lantarki, kamar su nitsewar zinc, gami da zinc-iron gami, gami da zinc-nickel gami. Matsakaicin Layer na zinc da zinc gami yana da kyau adhesion zuwa tsakiyar Layer na cyanide jan plating. Saboda sako-sako da tsarin aluminum da aka mutu, ba za a iya goge saman yayin niƙa ba. Idan an yi haka, zai iya haifar da ƙumburi, zubar da acid, kwasfa, da sauran batutuwa.
3. Tsarin tsari na aluminum electroplating shine kamar haka:
Degewa -> alkali etching -> kunnawa -> maye gurbin zinc -> kunnawa -> plating (kamar nickel, zinc, jan ƙarfe, da sauransu) -> plating na chrome ko wucewa -> bushewa.
-1- Nau'in lantarki na aluminum na yau da kullun sune:
Nickel plating (lu'u-lu'u nickel, yashi nickel, black nickel), azurfa plating (zurfin haske, lokacin farin ciki azurfa), zinariya plating, zinc plating (zinc mai launi, black zinc, blue tutiya), jan plating (koren jan karfe, farin tin jan karfe, alkaline). jan karfe, electrolytic jan karfe, acid jan karfe), Chrome plating (chrome ado, wuya chrome, black chrome), da dai sauransu.
-2- Amfani da iri na yau da kullun
- Baƙi plating, kamar baƙin zinc da baƙin nickel, ana amfani da su a cikin kayan lantarki da na'urorin likitanci.
- Gilashin zinari da azurfa sune mafi kyawun jagora don samfuran lantarki. Har ila yau, platin zinari yana haɓaka kayan ado na samfurori, amma yana da tsada. Ana amfani da ita gabaɗaya wajen sarrafa samfuran lantarki, kamar na'urar lantarki na tashoshin waya masu inganci.
- Copper, nickel, da chromium sune mafi shaharar kayan daki na zamani a kimiyyar zamani kuma ana amfani dasu sosai don yin ado da juriya na lalata. Suna da tsada kuma ana iya amfani da su a cikin kayan wasanni, hasken wuta, da masana'antun lantarki daban-daban.
- Farar tin jan ƙarfe, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin shekarun saba'in da tamanin, abu ne mai dacewa da muhalli tare da farin launi mai haske. Shahararren zabi ne a cikin masana'antar kayan ado. Bronze (wanda aka yi da gubar, da tin, da tagulla) na iya yin koyi da zinari, yana mai da shi zaɓi na ado na ado. Duk da haka, jan ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin juriya ga canza launin, don haka ci gabansa ya kasance a hankali.
- Electroplating na tushen Zinc: Layer galvanized shine shudi-fari kuma mai narkewa a cikin acid da alkalis. Tunda madaidaicin yuwuwar zinc ya fi na baƙin ƙarfe mara kyau, yana ba da ingantaccen kariya ta lantarki ga ƙarfe. Ana iya amfani da Zinc azaman kariya ga samfuran karfe da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antu da yanayin ruwa.
- Hard chrome, ajiya a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, yana da babban taurin da juriya. Taurinsa ya kai HV900-1200kg/mm, yana mai da shi mafi wuya shafi a cikin abin da aka saba amfani da shi. Wannan plating na iya inganta juriya na lalacewasassa na injikuma suna tsawaita rayuwar sabis ɗin su, suna sanya shi mahimmanci ga silinda, tsarin matsa lamba na hydraulic, da tsarin watsawa.
-3- Abubuwa na yau da kullun da matakan ingantawa
- Peeling: Sauyawar zinc ba shi da kyau; lokacin ya yi tsayi da yawa ko kuma gajere. Muna buƙatar sake duba matakan kuma mu sake ƙayyade lokacin sauyawa, zafin wanka, maida hankali na wanka, da sauran sigogin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin kunnawa yana buƙatar haɓakawa. Muna buƙatar haɓaka matakan da canza yanayin kunnawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, pretreatment bai isa ba, yana haifar da ragowar mai a farfajiyar aikin. Ya kamata mu inganta matakan kuma mu ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi.
- Rashin ƙarfi na saman: Maganin lantarki yana buƙatar daidaitawa saboda rashin jin daɗi da wakili na haske ya haifar, mai laushi, da kashi na pinhole. Fuskar jiki yana da wahala kuma yana buƙatar sake gogewa kafin yin amfani da wutar lantarki.
- Fuskar ta fara juyawa rawaya, yana nuna matsala mai yuwuwa, kuma an gyara hanyar hawan. Ƙara adadin da ya dace na wakili na ƙaura.
- Surface fluffing hakora: Maganin electroplating yayi datti sosai, don haka ƙarfafa tacewa da yin maganin wanka mai dacewa.
-4- Bukatun inganci
- Samfurin bai kamata ya kasance yana da launin rawaya, ramuka, bursu, blister, raunuka, tarkace, ko duk wani lahani da ba a so a bayyanarsa.
- Kaurin fim ɗin yakamata ya zama aƙalla micrometers 15, kuma yakamata ya wuce gwajin feshin gishiri na sa'o'i 48, saduwa ko wuce matsayin sojan Amurka na 9. Bugu da ƙari, yuwuwar bambancin ya kamata ya faɗi cikin kewayon 130-150mV.
- Ƙarfin daurin ya kamata ya yi tsayayya da gwajin lanƙwasa digiri 60.
- Kayayyakin da aka yi niyya don yanayi na musamman yakamata a keɓance su daidai.
-5- Tsare-tsare don aikin aluminium da aluminium alloy plating
- Koyaushe amfani da aluminum gami a matsayin mai rataye don electroplating na aluminum sassa.
- Rushe aluminum da aluminum gami da sauri kuma tare da ƴan tazara kamar yadda zai yiwu don kauce wa sake yin iskar shaka.
- Tabbatar cewa lokacin nutsewa na biyu bai daɗe ba don hana lalata da yawa.
- Tsaftace da ruwa sosai yayin aikin wankewa.
- Yana da mahimmanci don hana katsewar wutar lantarki yayin aikin plating.
Idan kana son ƙarin sani, da fatan za a ji daɗin tuntuɓar info@anebon.com.
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Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-11-2024