1. Rarraba kayan aunawa
Kayan aunawa kayan aiki ne da ke da tsayayyen tsari kuma ana amfani da shi don haifuwa ko samar da adadi ɗaya ko fiye da aka sani. Ana iya raba kayan aikin auna daban-daban zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa gwargwadon amfaninsu:
1. Kayan aikin aunawa guda ɗaya
Gage wanda zai iya nuna ƙima ɗaya kawai. Yana iya daidaitawa da daidaita sauran kayan aunawa ko kwatanta su kai tsaye tare da ƙimar ƙima a matsayin ma'auni, kamar tubalan ma'auni, tubalan ma'aunin kusurwa, da sauransu.CNC MAHINING AUTO PART
2. Multi-value auna kayan aiki
Ma'auni wanda zai iya wakiltar ƙungiyar dabi'u iri ɗaya. Sauran kayan aunawa, kamar mai sarrafa layi, ana iya daidaita su, daidaita su, ko kwatanta su kai tsaye da ma'auni a matsayin ma'auni.
3. Kayan aikin aunawa na musamman
Ma'aunin da aka ƙera don gwada takamaiman siga. Common wadanda su ne santsi iyaka ma'auni don duba santsi cylindrical ramuka ko shafts, da zaren ma'auni don yin hukunci da cancantar ciki ko na waje zaren, da gwajin samfuri don yin hukunci da cancantar surface contours na hadaddun siffofi, da kuma aiki na simulating taro passability zuwa gwada daidaitattun ma'auni, da dai sauransu.
4. Kayan aikin aunawa na duniya
A cikin ƙasarmu, ana kiran na'urorin aunawa tare da sifofi masu sauƙi waɗanda ake kira kayan aikin aunawa na duniya. Irin su vernier calipers, micrometers na waje, alamun bugun kira, da sauransu.
2. Ma'anar aikin fasaha na kayan aunawa
1. Ƙimar ƙima ta kayan aikin aunawa
Adadin da aka yiwa alama akan kayan aunawa yana nuna halayensa ko yana jagorantar amfani dashi. Misali, girman da aka yiwa alama akan ma'aunin ma'auni, girman da aka yiwa alama akan mai mulki, kusurwar da aka yiwa alama akan toshe ma'aunin kusurwa, da sauransu.
2. darajar karatun digiri
A kan mai mulkin kayan aunawa, ana wakilta bambanci tsakanin girma da layukan ma'auni guda biyu (mafi ƙarancin girman naúrar). Idan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin ƙimar da ke wakilta ta layin ma'aunin ma'auni guda biyu akan silinda na silinda na micrometer na waje shine 0.01mm, ƙimar karatun digiri na kayan aunawa shine 0.01mm. Ƙimar rabo ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta ƙimar raka'a wadda kayan aunawa ke iya karantawa kai tsaye. Yana nuna daidaiton matakin karatu da daidaiton ma'auni na kayan aunawa.
3. Ma'auni
A cikin rashin tabbas da aka yarda, kewayo daga ƙananan iyaka zuwa babba na ƙimar da aka auna wanda kayan aunawa zai iya aunawa. Misali, ma'aunin ma'aunin micrometer na waje shine 0 zuwa 25 mm, 25 zuwa 50 mm, da dai sauransu, kuma ma'aunin ma'aunin na'ura mai kwakwalwa shine 0 zuwa 180 mm.
4. Aunawa karfi
A cikin aiwatar da ma'aunin lamba, ana auna ma'aunin lamba tsakanin binciken na'urar aunawa da saman da za a auna. Ƙarfin aunawa da yawa zai haifar da nakasawa, kuma ƙarancin ma'auni zai shafi kwanciyar hankali na lamba.
5. Kuskuren nuni
Bambanci tsakanin ƙimar da aka nuna na kayan awo da ainihin ƙimar da ake aunawa. Kuskuren nuni shine cikakken nuni na kurakurai daban-daban na kayan auna kanta. Saboda haka, kuskuren nuni ya bambanta don wurare daban-daban na aiki a cikin kewayon nuni na kayan aiki. Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da toshe ma'aunin ma'auni ko wani ma'aunin ma'auni na daidaitattun daidaito don tabbatar da kuskuren nuni na kayan awo.
3. Zaɓin kayan aikin aunawa
Kafin kowane ma'auni, ya zama dole don zaɓar kayan aikin ma'auni bisa ga halaye na musamman na ɓangaren da za a auna. Misali, ana iya amfani da ma'auni, ma'aunin tsayi, micrometers, da ma'auni mai zurfi don tsayi, nisa, tsayi, zurfin, diamita na waje, da bambancin matakin; Ana iya amfani da micrometers don diamita na shaft. , calipers; ana iya amfani da ma'aunin toshe, ma'auni na toshe, da ma'aunin jigo don ramuka da ramuka; Ana amfani da masu mulkin kusurwar dama don auna madaidaicin sassan sassa; Ana amfani da ma'aunin R don auna ƙimar R; Yi amfani da nau'i uku da mai girma biyu; yi amfani da gwajin tauri don auna taurin karfe.
1. Aikace-aikacen calipers CNC ALUMINUM PART
Calipers na iya auna diamita na ciki, diamita na waje, tsayi, nisa, kauri, bambancin matakin, tsayi, da zurfin abubuwa; calipers sune kayan aikin aunawa da aka fi amfani da su kuma mafi dacewa kuma sune mafi yawan amfani da kayan aunawa akan wurin sarrafawa.
Caliper na dijital: ƙuduri 0.01mm, ana amfani da shi don auna ma'auni tare da ƙaramin haƙuri (madaidaicin daidai).
Katin tebur: ƙuduri 0.02mm, ana amfani dashi don auna girman yau da kullun.
Vernier caliper: ƙuduri 0.02mm, ana amfani dashi don auna ma'auni.
Kafin amfani da caliper, cire ƙura da datti tare da farar takarda mai tsabta (amfani da saman aunawa na waje na caliper don matsar da farar takarda sannan a cire shi ta dabi'a, maimaita sau 2-3)
Lokacin amfani da ma'auni don aunawa, ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ya kamata ya kasance daidai da ma'aunin abin da za a iya ƙididdige shi kamar yadda zai yiwu;
Lokacin amfani da ma'aunin zurfin, idan abin da aka auna yana da kusurwar R, wajibi ne a guje wa kusurwar R amma kusa da kusurwar R, kuma zurfin ma'auni da tsayin da aka kiyasta ya kamata a kiyaye shi a tsaye kamar yadda zai yiwu;
Lokacin da caliper ya auna silinda, yana buƙatar juyawa, kuma ana samun matsakaicin ƙimar don ma'aunin yanki;
Saboda yawan masu amfani da caliper, aikin kulawa dole ne a yi iyakar iyawarsa. Bayan amfani da shi kullum, dole ne a goge shi da tsabta kuma a saka shi cikin akwati. Kafin amfani, ana buƙatar toshe ma'auni don bincika daidaiton ma'auni.
2. Aikace-aikacen Micrometer
Kafin amfani da micrometer, yi amfani da farar takarda mai tsafta don cire ƙura da datti (amfani da micrometer don auna farfajiyar lamba da saman dunƙule don matsar da farar takarda sa'an nan kuma cire shi ta dabi'a, maimaita sau 2-3), sannan ku karkatar da kullin. don auna lambar sadarwa Lokacin da saman da saman dunƙule ke cikin sauri, yi amfani da daidaitawa maimakon. Lokacin da saman biyu ke cikin cikakkiyar lamba, daidaita sifili, kuma ana iya yin awo.
Lokacin da micrometer ya auna kayan aikin, kunna kullin. Lokacin da yake da kusanci da kayan aikin, yi amfani da ƙwanƙolin daidaitawa mai kyau don murɗa ciki, kuma tsayawa lokacin da ya ji dannawa uku, dannawa, da dannawa, sannan karanta bayanan daga allon nuni ko sikelin.
Lokacin auna samfuran filastik, saman ma'aunin ma'auni da dunƙule suna taɓa samfurin da sauƙi.KWANKWATAR KARFE MAI JUYA
Lokacin auna diamita na shaft tare da micrometer, auna aƙalla kwatance biyu ko fiye kuma auna micrometer a matsakaicin ma'auni a cikin sassan. Dole ne a kiyaye wuraren tuntuɓar biyu koyaushe a tsabta don rage kurakuran auna.
3. Aikace-aikacen ma'aunin tsayi
Ana amfani da ma'aunin tsayi da yawa don auna tsayi, zurfin, lebur, tsaye, daidaitawa, coaxial, girgiza saman, girgizar haƙori, zurfin, da ma'aunin tsayi. Da farko, bincika ko binciken da kowane ɓangaren haɗin kai ba su kwance lokacin aunawa.
4. Aikace-aikacen ma'aunin ji
Ma'aunin ji ya dace da auna jigo, curvature, da madaidaiciya.
Ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali:
Sanya sashin a kan dandamali, kuma yi amfani da ma'aunin jin zafi don auna ratar da ke tsakanin sashin da dandamali (Lura: Ana matse ma'aunin jin da dandamali ba tare da gibi ba yayin aunawa).
Ma'aunin madaidaiciya:
Sanya sashin a kan dandali, yi jujjuya ɗaya, kuma yi amfani da ma'aunin jin zafi don auna rata tsakanin ɓangaren da dandamali.
Auna curvature:
Sanya sashin a kan dandamali kuma zaɓi ma'aunin jigon da ya dace don auna rata tsakanin bangarorin biyu ko tsakiyar ɓangaren da dandamali.
Ma'aunin girman kai:
Sanya gefe ɗaya na madaidaicin kusurwar sifilin don auna a kan dandamali, sanya ɗayan gefen kusa da murabba'in, kuma yi amfani da ma'aunin jin daɗi don auna mafi mahimmancin rata tsakanin ɓangaren da murabba'in.
5. Aikace-aikacen ma'aunin toshe (pin):
Ya dace don auna diamita na ciki, faɗin tsagi, da share ramuka.
Yi tsammanin diamita na rami na ɓangaren yana da mahimmanci, kuma babu ma'aunin allura mai dacewa. A wannan yanayin, ana iya haɗa ma'aunin filogi guda biyu, kuma ana iya daidaita ma'aunin filogi akan toshe mai siffa V mai magnetic ta hanyar aunawa ta hanyar digiri 360, wanda zai iya hana sassautawa kuma yana da sauƙin aunawa.
Ma'aunin buɗe ido
Ma'aunin rami na ciki: Lokacin da aka auna diamita na ramin, shigar ya cancanta, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.
Lura: Lokacin auna ma'aunin filogi, dole ne a shigar da shi a tsaye, ba a tsaye ba.
6. Daidaitaccen kayan aunawa: mai girma biyu
Abu na biyu shine babban aiki, madaidaici, kayan aunawa mara lamba. Ma'aunin ji na kayan aunawa ba ya cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da farfajiyar sashin da aka auna, don haka babu wani aikin injiniya na ma'auni; kashi na biyu yana isar da hoton da aka ɗauka ta hanyar layin bayanai zuwa katin sayan bayanai na kwamfutar ta hanyar amfani da tsinkaya, sannan kuma ana ɗaukar hoton a kan na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta software; daban-daban na geometric abubuwa (maki, Lines, da'ira, arcs, ellipses, rectangles), nisa, kusurwoyi, intersections, geometric tolerances (zagaye, madaidaiciya, daidaici, tsaye) a kan sassa za a iya yi (digiri, karkata, matsayi, concentricity, daidaitawa). ) aunawa. Hakanan suna iya samar da fitowar CAD don zane-zane na 2D na shaci. Ba wai kawai za a iya lura da kwane-kwane na workpiece ba, amma kuma ana iya auna siffar farfajiyar kayan aikin opaque.
Ma'auni na al'ada na geometric na al'ada: Da'irar ciki a cikin ɓangaren da ke cikin hoton da ke ƙasa wani kusurwa ne mai kaifi, wanda kawai za a iya auna shi ta hanyar tsinkaya.
Duban saman sarrafa na'urar lantarki: Lens na kashi na biyu yana haɓaka roughness dubawa bayan sarrafa lantarki (girmawa sau 100 hoto).
Ƙananan girman ma'aunin tsagi mai zurfi
Gano Ƙofar: Lokacin sarrafa ƙura, wasu ƙofofin galibi suna ɓoye a cikin ramin, kuma kayan gwaji daban-daban ba za su iya auna su ba. A wannan lokacin, ana iya haɗa manne roba zuwa ƙofar manne, kuma za a buga siffar ƙofar manne akan manne. , sannan a yi amfani da kashi na biyu don auna girman bugun manne don samun girman ƙofar.
Lura: Tun da babu ƙarfin injina yayin ma'aunin nau'i biyu, ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin nau'i biyu gwargwadon yuwuwar samfuran sirara da taushi.
7. Daidaitaccen kayan aunawa: mai girma uku
Halayen abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwa uku sune daidaitacce (har zuwa matakin μm matakin), yana iya maye gurbin kayan unfult na tsayi da yawa), ikon auna bangarorin geometric biyu na iya ma'auni, kuma yana iya auna silinda, mazugi), juriya na Geometric (ban da juriya na geometric wanda kashi biyu na iya aunawa, ya haɗa da cylindricity, flatness, bayanin martaba na layi, bayanin martaba, coaxial), bayanan martaba masu rikitarwa, idan dai bincike mai girma uku Inda za'a iya taɓa shi, ana iya auna girmansa na geometric, matsayi na juna, da bayanin martaba; kuma ana iya kammala sarrafa bayanai tare da taimakon kwamfuta; tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin sa, babban sassauci, da ingantaccen damar dijital, ya zama muhimmin sashi na masana'antar gyare-gyare na zamani da tabbacin inganci: Yana nufin kayan aiki masu amfani.
Ana gyara wasu gyare-gyare, kuma babu fayil ɗin zane na 3D. Ana iya auna ƙimar daidaitawar kowane nau'i da fa'idar farfajiyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar zana software kuma a sanya su cikin zane-zane na 3D bisa ga abubuwan da aka auna, waɗanda za'a iya sarrafa su da gyara su cikin sauri ba tare da kuskure ba. (Bayan an saita haɗin kai, zaku iya ɗaukar kowane ma'ana don auna haɗin gwiwar).
3D dijital samfurin shigo da kwatancen ma'aunin: Don tabbatar da daidaito tare da ƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan sassa ko nemo rashin daidaituwa a yayin aiwatar da tsari mai dacewa, lokacin da wasu ƙwanƙolin saman ba arcs ba ne kuma ba parabolas ba, amma wasu abubuwan da ba na yau da kullun ba, lokacin da ma'aunin ma'aunin geometric ba za a iya yi ba, ana iya shigo da samfurin 3D, kuma ana iya kwatanta sassan da aunawa, don fahimtar kuskuren sarrafawa; saboda ƙimar da aka auna shine ƙimar karkatar da maki-zuwa-aya, ana iya gyara shi cikin sauƙi kuma a inganta shi cikin sauri da inganci (bayanan da aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa shine ainihin ƙimar da aka auna) Bacewa daga ƙimar ka'idar).
8. Aikace-aikacen gwajin taurin ƙarfi
Masu gwajin taurin da aka saba amfani da su sune Rockwell hardness tester (tebur) da Leeb hardness tester (mai ɗaukar nauyi). Rockwell HRC, Brinell HB, da Vickers HV ana amfani da raka'a taurin ko'ina.
Rockwell hardness ma'aikacin HR (Benchtop hardness tester)
Hanyar gwajin taurin Rockwell shine a yi amfani da mazugi na lu'u-lu'u mai kusurwa koli na digiri 120 ko ƙwallon ƙarfe mai diamita na 1.59/3.18mm, danna shi cikin saman kayan da aka gwada a ƙarƙashin wani nauyi na musamman, kuma samun taurin kayan daga zurfin ciki. Za a iya raba taurin kayan zuwa ma'auni daban-daban guda uku, wato, HRA, HRB, da HRC.
HRA shine taurin da aka samu tare da nauyin kilogiram 60 da mazugi na lu'u-lu'u don ƙaƙƙarfan kayan-misali, carbide.
HRB shine taurin da aka samu ta amfani da nauyin kilogiram 100 da ƙwallon ƙarfe mai taurara tare da diamita na 1.58mm kuma ana amfani da shi don kayan da ƙananan taurin-misali, ƙarfe da aka rufe, simintin ƙarfe, da sauransu, da tagulla na alloy.
HRC shine taurin da aka samu tare da kaya mai nauyin kilogiram 150 da mazugi na lu'u-lu'u da kayan da aka ƙera. -misali, karfe mai kauri, karfe mai kaushi, karfen da aka kashe da mai zafi, da wasu bakin karfe.
Vickers hardness HV (yafi don auna taurin saman)
Dace da nazarin microscope. Tare da kaya tsakanin 120kg da mazugi mai murabba'in lu'u-lu'u tare da kusurwar koli na 136°, danna cikin saman kayan, sannan auna tsayin diagonal na shigar. Ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki mafi girma da yadudduka masu zurfi.
Leeb Hardness HL (Mai gwada taurin wuya)
Taurin Leeb hanya ce ta gwaji mai ƙarfi. A lokacin tasirin tasirin tasirin firikwensin taurin tare da ma'aunin aikin da aka auna, rabon saurin dawowa zuwa saurin tasirin lokacin da yake nesa da 1mm daga saman aikin yana ninka ta 1000, wanda aka ayyana azaman ƙimar taurin Leeb.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Gwajin taurin Leeb wanda Leeb Hardness Theory ya ƙera yana canza hanyar gwajin taurin gargajiya. Saboda na'urar firikwensin taurin yana da ƙanƙanta kamar alkalami, yana iya gwada taurin aikin kai tsaye a wurare daban-daban akan wurin samarwa ta hanyar riƙe firikwensin, yana mai da wahala ga sauran masu gwajin taurin tebur.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-19-2022