Hanyoyi goma don motocin CNC

1. Yana da fasaha don samun ɗan ƙaramin abinci mai zurfi. A cikin tsarin juyawa, ana amfani da aikin triangular sau da yawa don aiwatar da wasu kayan aiki tare da da'irori na ciki da na waje sama da daidaito na biyu. Saboda zafi na yankan, rikici tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki yana haifar da lalacewa na kayan aiki da kuma maimaita daidaitattun ma'auni na ma'auni na kayan aiki, da dai sauransu, ingancin yana da wuyar garanti. Domin warware madaidaicin zurfin zurfin micro-zurfin, a cikin tsarin jujjuyawar, zamu iya amfani da alaƙar da ke tsakanin kishiyar gefen da gefen alwatika kamar yadda ake buƙata don matsar da ƙaramin mariƙin wuƙa mai tsayi a kusurwa, don isa daidai. zurfin cin abinci a kwance na kayan aikin jujjuyawa mai motsi. Manufa, adana aiki da lokaci, tabbatar da ingancin samfur da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki. Babban ma'aunin ma'auni mai riƙe kayan aikin lathe lathe shine 0.05mm kowace grid. Idan kuna son samun ƙimar zurfin cin abinci a kwance na 0.005mm, duba teburin aikin sine trigonometric: sine = 0.005/0.05=0.1 α=5o44′ don haka kawai matsar da ƙaramin mariƙin wuƙa Lokacin da yake 5o44', lokacin motsi wanda aka zana a tsaye. diski a kan ƙaramin mariƙin wuƙa, zai iya kaiwa ƙananan motsi na kayan aikin yankan tare da zurfin ƙimar 0.005mm a cikin shugabanci na gefe.cnc machining part

 

2. Yin amfani da fasahar jujjuyawar fasaha a cikin ayyukan samarwa na tsawon lokaci guda uku ya tabbatar da cewa a cikin ƙayyadaddun tsari na juyawa, fasahar yankan baya na iya samun sakamako mai kyau. Misalai masu zuwa sune kamar haka:

(1) Lokacin da reverse-yanke thread abu ne martensitic bakin karfe yanki tare da ciki da kuma waje zaren workpiece tare da farar 1.25 da kuma 1.75 mm, tun da farar lathe dunƙule an cire da farar na workpiece, samu samu. darajar ita ce ƙima mara ƙarewa. Idan zaren na'ura ne ta hanyar ɗaga hannun goro, zaren yakan karye. Gabaɗaya, lathe na yau da kullun ba shi da na'ura mara ƙarfi, kuma saitin diski ɗin da kansa ya ɓata yana ɗaukar lokaci sosai, don haka a sarrafa irin wannan farar. Lokacin zaren, yana da yawa. Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce hanyar jujjuyawa mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, saboda babban saurin karban bai isa ya janye wuka ba, don haka aikin samarwa ya ragu, fayil ɗin yana samuwa a sauƙaƙe yayin juyawa, kuma rashin ƙarfi na sama ba shi da kyau. musamman wajen sarrafa bakin karfe na martensite irin su 1Crl3, 2 Crl3, da dai sauransu. Lokacin yankan da sauri, lamarin sickle ya fi shahara. Hanyar yankewa ta juye-juye, juye-juye, da kuma gaba-da-gaba-gaba "nau'i-nau'i uku" da aka kirkira a cikin aikin mashin ɗin na iya cimma kyakkyawan sakamako na yanke gabaɗaya, saboda hanyar na iya juyar da zaren a babban saurin, da kuma motsin shugabanci na kayan aiki shine Ana cire kayan aiki daga hagu zuwa dama, don haka babu wani koma baya cewa kayan aikin ba za a iya ja da su ba lokacin yanke zaren a babban gudun. Hanya ta musamman ita ce kamar haka: Lokacin da ake amfani da zaren waje, niƙa irin wannan kayan aikin juyawa na ciki (Fig. 1);

Nika kayan aikin juyar da zaren ciki na baya (Hoto 2).bangaren filastik

 

Kafin yin injin, daidaita sandar farantin juzu'i kaɗan don tabbatar da saurin jujjuyawar. Don mai yankan zaren mai kyau, rufe buɗaɗɗen buɗewa da rufewa, fara gaba da ƙananan gudu don zuwa sipe mara kyau, sa'an nan kuma sanya kayan aikin jujjuya zaren cikin zurfin da ya dace na yanke, zaku iya juyawa juyawa. A wannan lokacin, ana barin kayan aikin juyawa a babban gudun. Ta hanyar yanke wuka zuwa dama da yanke adadin wukake bisa ga wannan hanya, zaren zaren da ke da tsayi mai tsayi da tsayin daka zai iya yin inji.

(2) A cikin tsarin ƙullun gargajiya na juzu'i na juzu'i, fayilolin ƙarfe da tarkace suna sauƙin shigar da su tsakanin kayan aiki da wuka mai dunƙulewa, yana haifar da damuwa da aikin aikin, yana haifar da haɗa layin, an murƙushe ƙirar ko fatalwa. da dai sauransu. Idan an karɓi sabon hanyar aiki na juyawa da dunƙule sandal ɗin lathe, za a iya hana rashin amfanin da aikin smoothing ya haifar da kyau, kuma ana iya samun sakamako mai kyau.

(3) Juya juyewar zaren bututu na ciki da na waje Lokacin juya zaren bututu na ciki da waje daban-daban tare da ƙarancin daidaito da ƙarancin tsari, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da yankan juyawa kai tsaye ba tare da na'urar ƙira ba. Sabuwar hanyar aiki, yayin yanke gefen kayan aiki, kayan aiki yana motsawa a kwance daga hagu zuwa dama. Fayil mai jujjuyawa yana da sauƙin fahimtar zurfin fayil ɗin daga babban diamita zuwa ƙaramin diamita. Dalilin shine fayil. Akwai pre-danniya. Kewayon aikace-aikace na wannan sabon nau'in fasahar aiki ta baya a cikin jujjuyawar fasaha yana ƙara yaɗuwa kuma ana iya yin amfani da su cikin sassauƙa zuwa takamaiman yanayi daban-daban.

 

3. Sabuwar hanyar aiki da ƙirar kayan aiki don hako ƙananan ramuka A cikin tsarin juyawa, lokacin da ramin ya kasance ƙasa da 0.6mm, diamita na rawar jiki yana da ƙananan, rashin ƙarfi ba shi da kyau, saurin yankewa bai tashi ba, kuma kayan aiki na kayan aiki. shi ne alloy mai jure zafi da bakin karfe, kuma juriya na yanke yana da girma, don haka lokacin hakowa, kamar yin amfani da abinci na watsawa na inji, rawar jiki yana da sauƙin karya, mai zuwa yana bayyana kayan aiki mai sauƙi da inganci da hanyar ciyarwa ta hannu. Da fari dai, ana canza ƙuƙumar rawar soja ta asali zuwa nau'in shank madaidaiciya. Lokacin da aka manne ɗan ƙaramin rawar rawar soja a kan ƙugiya mai iyo, za a iya yin aikin hakowa cikin sauƙi. Saboda bangaren baya na rawar rawar jiki madaidaiciyar zamewar shank, yana iya motsawa cikin yardar kaina a cikin hannun riga. Lokacin da aka haƙa ƙaramin ramin, za a iya kama ƙwanƙwasa a hankali da hannu, kuma za a iya gane micro feed na manual, kuma za a iya fitar da ƙaramin rami da sauri. Quality da yawa da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis na ƙananan drills. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ƙwanƙolin maƙasudin maƙasudi da yawa don ƙaramin diamita na zaren ciki, reaming, da sauransu. (Idan aka haƙa rami mai girma, ana iya saka fil mai iyaka tsakanin hannun ja da madaidaiciyar shank).

 

4. Anti-vibration a cikin injin rami mai zurfi A cikin injin rami mai zurfi, saboda ƙananan buɗewa, mashaya kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa yana da siriri. Babu makawa don haifar da girgiza lokacin da diamita na rami ya kasance Φ30 ~ 50mm kuma rami mai zurfi ya kusan 1000mm. Shi ne mafi inganci da inganci don hana girgizar arbor. Hanyar ita ce haɗa goyan baya guda biyu (ta amfani da abu kamar bakelite na zane) zuwa jikin shank, kuma girman daidai yake da girman buɗewa. A lokacin yankan tsari, arbor ba shi da sauƙi ga girgiza saboda matsayi na slats, kuma ana iya sarrafa sassan rami mai zurfi na inganci mai kyau.sashi na inji

 

5. Anti-break na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan Φ1.5mm lokacin da hakowa ya kasance ƙasa da rami na tsakiya na Φ1.5mm. Hanya mai sauƙi da tasiri mai mahimmanci don hana ƙulla wutsiya lokacin da ake hako rami na tsakiya, bari kullun wutsiya Nauyin nauyin kai da juzu'in da aka haifar tsakanin saman gado na inji ana amfani da shi don haƙa rami na tsakiya. Lokacin da juriya na yanke ya yi girma da yawa, dokin wutsiya zai ja da baya da kansa, don haka yana kare rawar tsakiya.

 

 

6. Anti-vibration na juya bakin ciki-bango workpieces A lokacin da juya aiwatar da bakin ciki-banga workpieces, vibrations ne sau da yawa generated saboda matalauta karfe Properties na workpieces; musamman a lokacin da juya bakin karfe da zafi-resistant gami, da vibration ne mafi shahara, da surface roughness na workpiece ne musamman matalauta, da sabis na kayan aiki gajarta. Hanyoyi mafi sauƙi na keɓewar girgiza a yawancin samarwa an kwatanta su a ƙasa.

(1) Lokacin da juya m da'irar na bakin karfe m siriri tube workpiece, da rami za a iya cika da itace kwakwalwan kwamfuta da plugged. A lokaci guda, duka ƙarshen aikin aikin suna toshe tare da filogin bakelite, sa'an nan kuma an maye gurbin katsewar goyan baya akan mariƙin kayan aiki tare da kankana mai goyan bayan kayan bakelite na iya gyara baka da ake buƙata don yin jujjuyawar bakin karfe mara kyau. siririn sanda. Wannan hanya mai sauƙi na iya hana rawar jiki da nakasar sandar siriri mara kyau yayin aiwatar da yankan.

(2) Lokacin da juya ciki rami na wani zafi-resistant (high-nickel-chromium) gami bakin ciki-bango workpiece, da rigidity na workpiece ne matalauta, da shank ne siriri, da kuma tsanani resonance sabon abu faruwa a lokacin yankan tsari. wanda ke da alhakin lalata kayan aiki da haifar da sharar gida. Idan wani abu mai ɗaukar girgiza kamar tsiri na roba ko soso ya sami rauni a kewayen waje na kayan aikin, za a iya samun tasirin girgiza yadda ya kamata.

(3) Lokacin da juya waje da'irar na zafi-resistant gami bakin ciki-banga hannun riga workpiece, saboda da m dalilai kamar high juriya na zafi-resistant gami, yana da sauki don samar da vibration da nakasawa a lokacin yankan. Idan roba rami ko auduga zaren da aka saka a cikin workpiece rami, Idan tarkace da aka yi amfani da, da clamping hanya a duka iyakar za a iya amfani da yadda ya kamata hana vibration da nakasawa na workpiece a lokacin yankan tsari, da kuma high- ingancin bakin ciki-bangon workpiece za a iya sarrafa.

 

7. The ƙarin anti-vibration kayan aiki ne mai sauki don samar da vibration saboda da matalauta rigidity na elongated shaft irin workpiece a lokacin Multi-tsagi sabon tsari, sakamakon da matalauta surface roughness na workpiece da kuma lalacewa da kayan aiki. Saitin ƙarin kayan aikin anti-vibration na iya magance matsalar girgizar sassan siriri a cikin tsarin tsagi (duba hoto 10). Shigar da kayan aikin da aka yi da kai a cikin matsayi mai dacewa akan ma'auni na murabba'in kafin aiki. Sannan, shigar da kayan aikin jujjuya mai siffa mai ramin da ake buƙata akan madaurin kayan aikin murabba'i, daidaita nisa da adadin matsi na bazara, sannan a yi aiki. Lokacin da kayan aiki na juyawa ya yanke cikin aikin aiki, ana sanya ƙarin kayan aikin anti-vibration a saman kayan aikin a lokaci guda, wanda ke da kyau don hana girgiza. tasiri.

 

8. Abubuwan da ke da wahala-zuwa-inji suna honed kuma sun ƙare. Lokacin da muke cikin kayan aiki masu wahala-zuwa na'ura kamar alloys masu zafin jiki da ƙwanƙwasa ƙarfe, ana buƙatar ƙarancin aikin aikin ya zama Ra0.20-0.05μm, kuma daidaiton girman shima yana da girma. Ƙarshe na ƙarshe yawanci ana aiwatar da shi akan injin niƙa. Yi kayan aikin honing mai sauƙi da dabaran honing, kuma sami kyakkyawan tasirin tattalin arziki ta hanyar honing maimakon aikin niƙa akan lathe.

 

9. Saurin ɗorawa da saukar da mandaloli sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan juyi a cikin tsarin juyawa. Da'irar waje da jujjuyawar jagorar kusurwar maɗaurin taro. Saboda girman girman batch, lokacin lodi da saukewa ya fi lokacin yankewa. Dogon, ƙarancin samar da inganci. Mandar mai ɗaukar sauri da kayan aikin jujjuyawar wuka guda ɗaya (hardmetal) da aka kwatanta a ƙasa na iya adana lokacin taimako da tabbatar da ingancin samfura cikin sarrafa sassa daban-daban na hannun hannu. Hanyar samarwa shine kamar haka. Yi ɗan ƙaramin taper mandrel mai sauƙi. Ƙa'idar ita ce a yi amfani da alamar 0.02mm na taper a bayan mandrel. Ana ɗora saitin ɗamara akan madaidaicin ta hanyar juzu'i, sa'an nan kuma ana amfani da kayan aikin jujjuya wuka mai yawa. Bayan zagaye, an juya kusurwar mazugi na 15°, kuma ana gudanar da filin ajiye motoci don cire sassan da sauri da kyau, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 14.

 

10. Juya sassa na ƙarfe mai tauri

(1) Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman misalan misalan ƙarfe mai taurin juyi 1 Sake gina ƙarfe mai ƙarfi W18Cr4V mai kauri (gyara bayan karaya) 2 na gida wanda ba daidai ba na filogi (hardening hardware) 3 quenching hardware and spraying Juyawa 4 guda 4 na quenching hardware m surface plugging 5 Zare mirgina famfo da aka yi da babban gudun karfe kayan aikin Don quenching hardware da daban-daban wuya abu sassa ci karo a cikin sama samar, zaži dace kayan aiki kayan da yankan adadin da kayan aiki Geometric kwana da hanyoyin aiki na iya cimma kyakkyawan sakamakon tattalin arziki na gaba ɗaya. . Alal misali, bayan da square broach ya karye, idan aka sake kaddamar da shi don kerar da square broach, ba kawai masana'antu sake zagayowar ne dogon, amma kuma kudin ne mai girma. A tushen tushen broach, muna amfani da ruwan wukake na gawa mai wuya YM052 don kaifafa shi zuwa mummunan. Gaban gaba r. = -6°～-8°, za'a iya juyar da yankan gefen ta hanyar niƙa a hankali da dutse mai. Gudun yankan shine V=10 ~ 15m/min. Bayan da'irar waje, an yanke sipe mara kyau, kuma a ƙarshe an raba zaren zuwa m da lafiya. ), bayan roughing, da kayan aiki dole ne a sake reamed da ƙasa bayan da sabon sharping da nika, sa'an nan kuma an shirya zaren ciki na haɗin haɗin gwiwa, sa'an nan kuma an gyara haɗin gwiwa. An gyara ma'auni mai fa'ida tare da tarkacen tarkace bayan an juya kuma ya tsufa kamar sabo.

(2) Zaɓin kayan aikin kayan aiki don juyawa da kayan aikin kashewa 1 Sabbin maki kamar su ƙarfi gami da YM052, YM053, YT05, da sauransu, saurin yankan gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da 18m / min, kuma ƙarancin kayan aikin na iya isa Ra1.6 ~0.80m. 2 cubic boron nitride kayan aiki FD na iya aiwatar da kowane nau'in ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da sassa da aka fesa, saurin yankewa har zuwa 100m / min, ƙarancin ƙasa har zuwa Ra0.80 ~ 0.20μm. Kayan aiki mai siffar cubic boron nitride DCS-F wanda Kamfanin Injin Babban Jiha da Kamfanin Guizhou No.6 ke niƙa shi ma yana da wannan aikin. Sakamakon aiki ya fi muni fiye da na siminti carbide (amma ƙarfin ba shi da kyau kamar na kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske, yana da zurfi da rahusa fiye da kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske, kuma yana da sauƙin lalacewa idan an yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba). 9 yumbu kayan aikin, yankan gudun 40 ~ 60m / min, da ƙarfi ne matalauta. Duk kayan aikin da ke sama suna da halaye nasu a cikin juyawa da kashe sassa, kuma ya kamata a zaɓa bisa ga ƙayyadaddun yanayi na juya kayan daban-daban da taurin daban-daban.

(3) Zaɓin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da kayan aiki na kayan aiki daban-daban na sassa daban-daban na sassa na ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin taurin guda ɗaya, abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin kayan aiki sun bambanta gaba ɗaya, kamar manyan nau'ikan uku masu zuwa; 1 high gami karfe: yana nufin alloying abubuwa Tool karfe da mutu karfe (yafi daban-daban high gudun karfe) tare da jimlar taro na fiye da 10%. 2 alloy karfe: yana nufin kayan aiki karfe da mutu karfe tare da alloying kashi abun ciki na 2 ~ 9%, kamar 9SiCr, CrWMn da high ƙarfi gami tsarin karfe. 3 carbon karfe: ciki har da daban-daban carbon kayan aiki karafa da carburized karfe kamar T8, T10, 15 karfe ko 20 ma'auni karfe carburizing karfe. Don carbon karfe, da microstructure bayan quenching ne tempered martensite da karamin adadin carbide, wuya gashi HV800 ~ 1000, fiye da taurin WC da TiC a cemented carbide da A12D3 a yumbu kayan aikin Yana da yawa ƙasa, kuma shi ne kasa zafi- mai wuya fiye da martensite ba tare da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ba kuma gabaɗaya baya wuce 200 ° C. Kamar yadda abun ciki na alloying abubuwa a cikin karfe karuwa, da carbide abun ciki na karfe bayan quenching da tempering yana ƙaruwa, da kuma irin carbide zama quite rikitarwa. Shan high-gudun karfe a matsayin misali, abun ciki na carbides a cikin microstructure bayan quenching da tempering iya isa 10-15% (girman rabo) da kuma ya ƙunshi carbides na MC, M2C, M6 da M3, 2C, da dai sauransu High taurin (HV2800). ), wanda ya fi girma fiye da taurin lokaci mai wuya a cikin kayan aiki na gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, saboda kasancewar yawan adadin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, zafi mai zafi na martensite wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa daban-daban na alloying za a iya ƙara zuwa kimanin 600 ° C. Ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi na ƙarfe mai tauri tare da macrohardness iri ɗaya ba iri ɗaya bane, kuma bambancin yana da girma sosai. Kafin juya sassan ƙarfe masu tauri, ana bincikar ya kasance cikin wannan rukunin. Jagora halaye, zaɓi kayan aikin da suka dace, adadin yankan da lissafin kayan aiki. The kwana iya smoothly kammala juya taurare karfe sassa.