Surface Roughness Encyclopedia

1. A ra'ayi na karfe surface roughness

Taushin saman yana nufin rashin daidaituwar ƙananan filaye da ƙananan kololuwa da kwaruruka waɗanda na'urar na'urar ke da su. Nisa (nisa na igiyar ruwa) tsakanin kololuwa biyu ko tudu biyu ƙanƙanta ne (ƙasa da 1mm), wanda ke cikin kuskuren siffar geometric.

Musamman, yana nufin matakin tsayi da nisa S na ƙananan kololuwa da kwaruruka. Gabaɗaya ta S:

• S<1mm shine rashin ƙarfi na saman;

• 1≤S≤10mm shine waviness;
• S>10mm shine f siffar.

2. VDI3400, Ra, Ramax kwatanta tebur

Ma'auni na ƙasa ya nuna cewa ana amfani da alamomi guda uku don kimanta ƙarancin ƙasa (raka'a shine μm): matsakaicin karkatar da lissafin lissafin Ra na bayanan martaba, matsakaicin tsayi Rz na rashin daidaituwa da matsakaicin tsayi Ry. Ana amfani da fihirisar Ra a ainihin samarwa. Matsakaicin juzu'in micro-tsawo Ry na bayanin martaba galibi ana bayyana shi ta alamar Rmax a Japan da sauran ƙasashe, kuma ana amfani da fihirisar VDI a Turai da Amurka. A ƙasa akwai tebur kwatanta VDI3400, Ra, Ramax.

VDI3400, Ra, tebur kwatancen Rmax

3. Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi

Ƙunƙarar saman yana samuwa gabaɗaya ta hanyar sarrafa kayan da ake amfani da su da sauran abubuwa, kamar taƙaddamar da ke tsakanin kayan aiki da saman kayan aikin.cnc machining parta lokacin aiki, da filastik nakasawa na surface Layer karfe lokacin da guntu ne rabu, da kuma high mita vibration a cikin tsari tsarin, lantarki machining sallama ramukan, da dai sauransu Saboda daban-daban aiki hanyoyin da workpiece kayan, da zurfin, yawa, siffar. da nau'in alamun da aka bari a saman da aka sarrafa sun bambanta.

4. Babban bayyanar cututtuka na tasiri na rashin ƙarfi a kan sassa

1) Tasiri juriya. Mafi ƙanƙanta saman, ƙaramin yanki mai tasiri mai tasiri tsakanin abubuwan da suka dace, mafi girman matsa lamba, mafi girman juriya, da saurin lalacewa.
2) Tasirin kwanciyar hankali na dacewa. Don dacewa da izini, mafi girman yanayin, mafi sauƙin sawa, don haka rata ya karu a hankali yayin aikin aiki; ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.

3) Shafi ƙarfin gajiya. Akwai manya-manyan tukwane a saman ɓangarorin da ba su da ƙarfi, waɗanda ke da damuwa da tattarawar damuwa kamar kaifi da tsagewa, don haka yana shafar ƙarfin gajiyar.daidai sassa.
4) Tasiri juriya na lalata. Ƙaƙƙarfan sassa na ƙasa na iya haifar da gurɓataccen iskar gas ko ruwa cikin sauƙi shiga cikin rufin ƙarfe na ciki ta cikin ƙananan kwarin da ke saman, yana haifar da lalata.

5) Shafi matsi. Wuraren da ba za su iya daidaitawa sosai ba, kuma iskar gas ko ruwa na yoyo ta cikin gibba tsakanin wuraren tuntuɓar.
6) Yana shafar taurin lamba. Ƙunƙarar lamba shine ikon haɗin haɗin gwiwa na sassa don tsayayya da lalata lamba a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin waje. Ƙunƙarar na'ura an ƙaddara ta taurin tuntuɓar da ke tsakanincnc lathe sassa.
7) Tasiri daidaitattun ma'auni. Ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin da aka auna na ɓangaren da ma'auni na kayan aikin aunawa zai shafi daidaitattun ma'auni, musamman ma a cikin ma'auni.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi zai sami nau'i daban-daban na tasiri a kan rufin plating, zafin jiki na zafi da juriya na tuntuɓar, tunani da aikin radiation na sassa, juriya ga ruwa da gas, da gudana a halin yanzu a saman masu gudanarwa.

5. tushe roughness kimantawa tushe

1. Tsawon samfurin

   Tsawon samfurin shine tsawon layin tunani da aka ƙayyade a cikin ƙima na rashin ƙarfi. Dangane da samuwar da sifofi na ainihin farfajiyar sashin, ya kamata a zaɓi tsayin da zai iya yin nuni da halayen ɓacin rai, kuma ya kamata a auna tsayin samfurin bisa ga yanayin gaba ɗaya na ainihin kwane-kwane. Manufar ƙididdigewa da zaɓin tsayin samfur shine iyakancewa da raunana tasirin raƙuman ƙasa da kurakurai a kan sakamakon ma'auni na ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi.

2. Tsawon kimantawa

Tsawon kima shine tsayin da ake buƙata don kimanta bayanan martaba, kuma yana iya haɗawa da tsayin samfur ɗaya ko da yawa. Tun da yanayin yanayin kowane bangare na ɓangaren ɓangaren ba lallai ba ne ya zama daidai ba, wani nau'i na nau'i na nau'i na nau'i ba zai iya nunawa a hankali ba a cikin tsayin samfurin daya, don haka wajibi ne a dauki tsayin samfurori da yawa a kan saman don kimanta yanayin yanayin. Tsawon kimanta gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi tsayin samfur 5.

3. Baseline

Layin tunani shine tsakiyar layin bayanin martaba da aka yi amfani da shi don kimanta ma'aunin rashin ƙarfi na saman. Akwai nau'ikan layukan tunani guda biyu: mafi ƙarancin layin tsaka-tsakin murabba'i na kwane-kwane: a cikin tsayin samfurin, jimlar murabba'in murabba'in kwane-kwane na nesa na kowane aya akan layin kwane-kwane shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma yana da siffar kwane-kwane na geometric. . Lissafi yana nufin tsakiyar layi na kwane-kwane: a cikin tsayin samfurin, wuraren da ke sama da ƙasa na tsakiyar layi daidai ne. A ka'ida, mafi ƙarancin-squares tsaka-tsakin layi shine tushen tushe mai kyau, amma yana da wuya a samu a aikace-aikace masu amfani, don haka gabaɗaya ana maye gurbinsa da layin tsaka-tsakin ƙididdiga na kwane-kwane, kuma za'a iya amfani da madaidaiciyar layi tare da matsakaicin matsayi. maye gurbin shi yayin aunawa.

6. Ma'auni na ƙima na saman

1. Siffofin halayen tsayi

Ra bayanan ƙididdiga yana nufin karkacewa: ma'anar lissafin ma'anar madaidaicin ƙimar bayanan martaba tsakanin tsayin samfur (lr). A cikin ma'auni na ainihi, yawan adadin ma'auni, mafi daidaitattun Ra shine.

Rz mafi girman tsayin bayanin martaba: nisa tsakanin layin kololuwar bayanin martaba da layin ƙasan kwari.

An fi son Ra a cikin kewayon da aka saba na sigogin amplitude. A cikin ma'auni na ƙasa kafin 2006, akwai wani ma'aunin kimantawa wanda shine "tsayin tsayin maki goma na ƙaramin ƙarfi" da Rz ya bayyana, kuma matsakaicin tsayin kwankwasa ya bayyana ta Ry. Bayan 2006, ma'aunin ƙasa ya soke tsayin maki goma na ƙananan ƙananan, kuma an yi amfani da Rz. Yana nuna matsakaicin tsayin bayanin martaba.

2. Siffar fasalin tazara

RsmMatsakaicin faɗin abubuwan kwane-kwane. A cikin tsayin samfurin, matsakaicin ƙimar nisa tsakanin ƙananan rashin daidaituwa na bayanin martaba. Matsakaicin tazarar ƙarami yana nufin tsayin kololuwar bayanin martaba da kwarin bayanan da ke kusa akan layin tsakiya. A cikin yanayin darajar Ra ɗaya, ƙimar Rsm ba lallai ba ne, don haka rubutun da aka nuna zai bambanta. Fuskokin da ke kula da rubutu yawanci suna kula da alamomi biyu na Ra da Rsm.

TheRmrSigar fasalin siffa tana wakilta ta tsawon rabon goyan bayan kwane-kwane, wanda shine rabon tsayin goyan bayan kwane-kwane zuwa tsayin samfur. Tsawon tallan bayanin martaba shine jimlar tsayin layin layin da aka samu ta hanyar haɗa bayanan martaba tare da madaidaiciyar layi daidai da tsakiyar layi da nisa na c daga layin bayanin martaba a cikin tsayin samfur.

7. Hanyar auna ma'auni

1. Hanyar kwatanta

Ana amfani da shi don auna wurin a cikin bitar, kuma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don auna matsakaici ko m saman. Hanyar ita ce kwatanta saman da aka auna tare da samfurin ƙaƙƙarfan da aka yi wa alama tare da wani ƙima don ƙayyade ƙimar da aka auna.

2. Hanyar Stylus

   Ƙunƙarar saman tana amfani da salo na lu'u-lu'u tare da radius mai lanƙwasa tip na kusan 2 microns don zamewa a hankali tare da saman da aka auna. Juyawa sama da ƙasa na stylus lu'u-lu'u ana juyawa zuwa siginar lantarki ta firikwensin tsawon lantarki, kuma ana nuna shi ta kayan aikin nuni bayan haɓakawa, tacewa, da lissafi. Za'a iya samun ƙimar ƙarancin ƙasa, kuma ana iya amfani da mai rikodi don yin rikodin lanƙwan bayanin martaba na sashin da aka auna. Gabaɗaya, kayan aikin aunawa wanda kawai ke iya nuna ƙimar ƙarancin ƙasa ana kiransa kayan auna yanayin ƙasa, kuma wanda zai iya yin rikodin ma'aunin bayanin martaba ana kiransa da girman roughness. Wadannan kayan aikin ma'aunin guda biyu suna da da'irori na lissafin lantarki ko kwamfutoci na lantarki, waɗanda za su iya ƙididdige ma'anar lissafin ta atomatik Ra na kwandon shara, tsayin maki goma Rz na rashin daidaituwa na microscopic, matsakaicin tsayi Ry na kwane-kwane da sauran sigogin kimantawa, tare da babba. ingancin ma'auni kuma ya dace da ƙarancin saman Ra shine 0.025-6.3 microns ana auna.

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