Takardar ta tattauna ka'idodin extrusion sanyi, yana mai da hankali kan halaye, kwararar tsari, da buƙatun don ƙirƙirar harsashi mai haɗawa na aluminum gami. Ta hanyar inganta tsarin ɓangaren da kuma kafa buƙatun sarrafawa don tsarin kristal na albarkatun ƙasa, ana iya haɓaka ingancin aikin extrusion sanyi. Wannan tsarin ba wai kawai yana haɓaka ingancin ƙirƙira ba har ma yana rage alawus ɗin sarrafawa da ƙimar gabaɗaya.
01 Gabatarwa
Tsarin extrusion sanyi shine hanyar da ba yankewa ba ta siffata ƙarfe wanda ke amfani da ƙa'idar lalata filastik. A cikin wannan tsari, ana amfani da wani matsa lamba akan ƙarfen da ke cikin kogon mutuwa a cikin zafin jiki, yana barin shi a tilasta shi ta cikin rami mai mutu ko ratar da ke tsakanin convex da concave ya mutu. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar siffar ɓangaren da ake so.
Kalmar "sanyi extrusion" ta ƙunshi matakai daban-daban na samar da tsari, ciki har da extrusion sanyi kanta, tashin hankali, tambari, naushi mai kyau, wuya, ƙarewa, da kuma mikewa. A mafi yawan aikace-aikace, sanyi extrusion hidima a matsayin farko forming tsari, sau da yawa supplemented da daya ko fiye da matakai matakai don samar da wani gama na high quality.
Sanyi extrusion hanya ce ta ci gaba a cikin sarrafa filastik karfe kuma tana ƙara maye gurbin dabarun gargajiya kamar su simintin gyare-gyare, ƙirƙira, zane, da yanke. A halin yanzu, ana iya amfani da wannan tsari a kan karafa irin su gubar, tin, aluminum, jan karfe, zinc da kayan haɗin su, da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, matsakaicin carbon karfe, ƙarfe na kayan aiki, ƙananan ƙarfe, da bakin karfe. Tun daga 1980s, an yi amfani da tsarin extrusion sanyi yadda ya kamata a cikin kera bawoyi na aluminium don masu haɗin madauwari kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama ingantaccen fasaha.
02 Ka'idoji, halaye, da matakai na tsarin extrusion sanyi
2.1 Ka'idojin sanyi extrusion
’Yan jarida da mutuƙar haɗin kai don yin amfani da ƙarfi a kan gurɓataccen ƙarfe, ƙirƙirar yanayin damuwa mai girma uku a cikin yankin nakasa na farko, wanda ke ba wa gurɓataccen ƙarfe damar yin kwararar filastik ta hanyar da aka kayyade.
Tasirin matsananciyar damuwa mai girma uku kamar haka.
1) Matsakaicin matsa lamba uku na iya hana motsin dangi tsakanin lu'ulu'u, yana haɓaka nakasar filastik na karafa.
2) Wannan nau'in damuwa na iya taimakawa wajen sa nakasassun karafa su yi ɗimbin yawa da kuma gyara yadda ya kamata a gyara ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da lahani.
3) Matsakaicin matsa lamba uku na iya hana samuwar yawan damuwa, ta yadda zai rage illar da kazanta ke haifarwa a cikin karfe.
4) Bugu da ƙari, yana iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ƙarin damuwa mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da nakasar da ba ta dace ba, ta yadda zai rage lalacewa daga wannan damuwa mai ƙarfi.
A lokacin aikin extrusion sanyi, gurɓataccen ƙarfe yana gudana a ƙayyadaddun shugabanci. Wannan yana haifar da ƙwayar hatsi mafi girma da za a murkushe, yayin da sauran hatsi da kayan aiki na intergranular suka zama elongated tare da jagorancin nakasawa. A sakamakon haka, kowane nau'in hatsi da iyakoki na hatsi sun zama masu wuyar ganewa kuma suna bayyana a matsayin ratsan fibrous, wanda ake kira tsarin fibrous. Samuwar wannan tsarin fibrous yana ƙara juriya na nakasar ƙarfe kuma yana ba da kaddarorin injina zuwa sassan da aka fitar da sanyi.
Bugu da ƙari, daidaitawar lattice tare da jagorar kwararar ƙarfe yana canzawa daga maras kyau zuwa yanayin da aka ba da oda, yana haɓaka ƙarfin abin da ke haifar da kaddarorin injinan anisotropic a cikin gurɓataccen ƙarfe. A cikin tsarin ƙirƙira, sassa daban-daban na ɓangaren suna fuskantar nau'ikan nakasu daban-daban. Wannan bambance-bambancen yana haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin aikin hardening, wanda hakan ke haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin kayan aikin injiniya da rarraba taurin.
2.2 Halayen extrusion sanyi
Tsarin extrusion sanyi yana da halaye masu zuwa.
1) Cold extrusion ne a kusa-net kafa tsari da zai iya taimaka ajiye albarkatun kasa.
2) Wannan hanyar tana aiki a yanayin zafin jiki, yana nuna ɗan gajeren lokacin sarrafawa don guda ɗaya, yana ba da inganci sosai, kuma yana da sauƙin sarrafa kansa.
3) Yana tabbatar da daidaiton ma'auni mai mahimmanci kuma yana kula da ingancin sassa masu mahimmanci.
4) Abubuwan kayan abu na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe suna haɓaka ta hanyar ƙarfafa aikin sanyi da kuma ƙirƙirar cikakken streamlines fiber.
2.3 Cold extrusion tsari kwarara
Kayan aiki na farko da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin extrusion sanyi sun haɗa da na'ura mai ƙira mai sanyi, ƙirar mutuwa, da tanderun maganin zafi. Babban matakai shine yin komai da kafawa.
(1) Yin banza:Ana siffata sandar zuwa cikin buƙatun da ake buƙata ta hanyar zato, tashin hankali, dakarfe takardar stamping, sa'an nan kuma an annealed don shirya don m sanyi extrusion forming.
(2) Samar da:Annealed aluminum gami blank an sanya shi a cikin kogon mold. Ƙarƙashin aikin haɗin gwiwa na latsa kafa da gyaggyarawa, alloy alloy blank yana shiga yanayin yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana gudana cikin sauƙi a cikin sararin da aka keɓance na rami na ƙura, yana barin shi ya ɗauki siffar da ake so. Koyaya, ƙarfin ɓangaren da aka kafa bazai iya kaiwa ga mafi kyawun matakan ba. Idan ana buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarin jiyya, irin su maganin zafi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da tsufa (musamman ga gami waɗanda za'a iya ƙarfafa ta hanyar maganin zafi), sun zama dole.
Lokacin zayyana hanyar ƙirƙira da adadin ƙaddamarwa, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun ɓangaren da kafaffen ma'auni don ƙarin sarrafawa. Tsarin tafiyar da tsarin toshe J599 da harsashi soket ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa: yankan → m juya a bangarorin biyu → annealing → lubrication → extrusion → quenching → juyawa da milling → deburring. Hoto na 1 yana kwatanta tsarin tafiyar da harsashi tare da flange, yayin da Hoto 2 ke nuna tsarin tafiyar da harsashi ba tare da flange ba.
03 Yawan al'amura a cikin sanyi extrusion forming
(1) Ƙarfin aiki shine tsari inda ƙarfi da taurin gurɓataccen ƙarfe ke ƙaruwa yayin da robobinsa ke raguwa muddin nakasar ta faru a ƙasa da zafin jiki na recrystallization. Wannan yana nufin cewa yayin da matakin nakasawa ya tashi, ƙarfe yana ƙara ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi amma ƙasa da lalacewa. Aiki hardening hanya ce mai tasiri don ƙarfafa nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban, irin su tsatsa-hujja aluminum gami da austenitic bakin karfe.
(2) Tasirin Thermal: A cikin tsarin samar da yanayin sanyi, yawancin makamashin da ake amfani da shi don aikin nakasa yana canzawa zuwa zafi. A wuraren da ke da nakasu mai mahimmanci, yanayin zafi zai iya kaiwa tsakanin 200 zuwa 300 ° C, musamman a lokacin samar da sauri da ci gaba, inda yawan zafin jiki ya fi girma. Wadannan tasirin zafi suna tasiri sosai akan kwararar man shafawa da nakasassun karafa.
(3) A lokacin sanyi extrusion tsari tsari, akwai biyu main iri danniya a cikin nakasasshen karfe: asali danniya da kuma ƙarin danniya.
04 Tsarin buƙatun don extrusion sanyi
Ganin al'amurran da suka shafi samar da sanyi extrusion ga 6061 aluminum gami haši bawo, an kafa takamaiman bukatun game da tsarinsa, albarkatun kasa, da sauran su.tsarin lathekaddarorin.
4.1 Abubuwan buƙatu don faɗin ramin da aka yanke baya na hanyar maɓallin rami na ciki
Nisa na tsagi da aka yanke baya a cikin maɓallin rami na ciki ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 2.5 mm. Idan ƙayyadaddun tsari sun iyakance wannan faɗin, mafi ƙarancin faɗin yarda ya kamata ya wuce mm 2. Hoto na 3 yana kwatanta kwatancen ramin da aka yanke baya a cikin maɓalli na rami na ciki na harsashi kafin da bayan haɓakawa. Hoto na 4 yana nuna kwatancen tsagi kafin da bayan haɓakawa, musamman idan an iyakance shi ta hanyar la'akari da tsari.
4.2 Tsawon maɓalli guda ɗaya da buƙatun sifa don rami na ciki
Haɗa tsagi mai yankan baya ko chamfer cikin rami na ciki na harsashi. Hoto na 5 yana kwatanta kwatankwacin ramin ciki na harsashi kafin da kuma bayan ƙari na tsagi na baya, yayin da hoto na 6 ya nuna kwatancen ramin ciki na harsashi kafin da bayan an ƙara chamfer.
4.3 Abubuwan buƙatun ƙasa na rami na ciki makaho
Ana ƙara chamfers ko yankan baya a cikin ramin makafi na ciki. Hoto na 7 yana kwatanta kwatankwacin ramin rami na ciki na harsashi rectangular kafin da kuma bayan an ƙara chamfer.
4.4 Abubuwan buƙatu don ƙasan maɓallin silinda na waje
An shigar da tsagi na taimako a cikin kasan maɓallin silindari na waje na mahalli. An kwatanta kwatancen kafin da bayan ƙari na tsagi na taimako a cikin hoto na 8.
4.5 Abubuwan buƙatun albarkatun ƙasa
Tsarin kristal na albarkatun ƙasa yana tasiri sosai akan ingancin da aka samu bayan extrusion sanyi. Don tabbatar da cewa an cika ka'idodin ingancin saman, yana da mahimmanci don kafa buƙatun sarrafawa don tsarin crystal na albarkatun ƙasa. Musamman, matsakaicin girman da aka yarda da manyan zoben kristal a gefe ɗaya na albarkatun ƙasa yakamata ya zama ≤ 1 mm.
4.6 Abubuwan buƙatun don zurfin-zuwa diamita na rami
Ana buƙatar ma'aunin zurfin-zuwa-diamita na rami ya zama ≤3.
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Lokacin aikawa: Dec-03-2024