Yadda za a lissafta saurin yankewa da saurin ciyarwar cibiyar injin CNC?

Yanke gudun da saurin ciyarwar cibiyar injinan CNC:

 

1: saurin igiya = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Matsakaicin saurin yankan kayan aiki na gaba ɗaya (VC): ƙarfe mai sauri 50 m / min; babban hadaddun kayan aiki 150 m / min; kayan aiki mai rufi 250 m / min; yumbu lu'u-lu'u kayan aiki 1000 m / min 3 aiki gami karfe Brinell taurin = 275-325 high-gudun karfe kayan aiki vc = 18m / min; cemented carbide kayan aiki vc = 70m / min (daftarin aiki = 3mm; adadin ciyar f = 0.3mm / R)CNC juya part

  

Akwai hanyoyin lissafi guda biyu don saurin igiya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin misali mai zuwa:

 

① Speed ​​​​speed: daya shine g97 S1000, wanda ke nufin cewa sandar tana jujjuya juyi 1000 a cikin minti daya, wato, saurin gudu.CNC machining part

Sauran shine G96 S80 yana da saurin mizani akai-akai, inda farfajiyar aikin ke tantance saurin igiya.sashi na inji

 

Hakanan akwai saurin keed guda biyu, G94 F100, wanda ke nuni da cewa nisan yankan na minti daya shine mm 100. Sauran shine g95 F0.1, ma'ana girman ciyarwar kayan aiki shine 0.1mm kowace juyi juyi. Zaɓin kayan aiki na yankewa da kuma ƙayyade adadin yankewa a cikin NC machining wani ɓangare ne na fasaha na NC machining. Ba wai kawai yana rinjayar ingantattun injina na kayan aikin injin NC ba har ma yana shafar ingancin injin kai tsaye.

 

Tare da haɓaka fasahar CAD / CAM, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da bayanan ƙira na CAD a cikin NC machining kai tsaye, musamman haɗin microcomputer da kayan aikin injin NC, wanda ke sa duk tsarin ƙira, tsara tsari, da shirye-shirye cikakke akan kwamfuta. Gabaɗaya, baya buƙatar fitar da takamaiman takaddun tsari.

 

A halin yanzu, yawancin fakitin software na CAD / CAM suna ba da ayyukan shirye-shirye ta atomatik. Wannan software gabaɗaya yana haifar da matsalolin da suka dace na tsarin tsarin aiki, kamar zaɓin kayan aiki, tsara tsarin injin, yanke saitin siga, da sauransu. Mai shirye-shiryen na iya haifar da aika shirye-shiryen NC ta atomatik zuwa kayan aikin injin NC don sarrafawa idan ya saita sigogi masu dacewa. .

 

Sabili da haka, zaɓin kayan aikin yankewa da ƙayyade sigogin yankewa a cikin injinan NC an kammala su ƙarƙashin hulɗar ɗan adam-kwamfuta, wanda ya bambanta sosai da injin kayan aikin yau da kullun. A lokaci guda kuma, yana buƙatar masu shirye-shiryen su ƙware ainihin ƙa'idodin zaɓin kayan aiki da ƙayyadaddun sigogin yankewa da cikakken la'akari da halayen NC machining lokacin shirye-shirye.

 

I. Nau'i da halaye na daidaitattun kayan aikin yankan don aikin CNC

 

NC machining kayan aiki dole ne daidaita da babban gudun, high dace, da kuma wani babban mataki na aiki da kai na CNC inji kayan aikin, kullum ciki har da na duniya kayan aikin, duniya haɗa kayan aiki rike, da kuma kananan adadin musamman kayan aiki rike. Ya kamata a haɗa hannun kayan aiki zuwa kayan aiki kuma a sanya shi a kan wutar lantarki na na'ura, kuma, don haka an daidaita shi a hankali kuma a jera shi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba kayan aikin NC.

 

Bisa ga tsarin kayan aiki, ana iya raba shi zuwa:

 

① nau'in haɗin kai;

 

(2) Nau'in inlaid yana haɗe ta hanyar walda ko nau'in matse na'ura. Nau'in matse na'ura za a iya raba nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mashin na'ura ne za a iya kasu kashi biyu na nau'in mashin injin ɗin zuwa nau'i biyu: nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in na'ura na mashin na'ura na iya kasu kashi biyu.

 

③ nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in iri), gami da sabbin kayan aikin yankan, kayan aikin yanke abin girgiza, da sauransu.

 

Dangane da kayan da aka yi amfani da su don kera kayan aikin, ana iya raba shi zuwa:

 

① Babban abin yanka na karfe;

 

② kayan aikin carbide;

 

③ mai yankan lu'u-lu'u;

 

④ yankan kayan aiki na sauran kayan, kamar cubic boron nitride, yumbu, da dai sauransu.

 

Ana iya raba fasahar yankan zuwa:

 

① Kayan aikin juyawa, gami da da'irar waje, rami na ciki, zaren, kayan aikin yanke, da sauransu;

 

② kayan aikin hakowa, gami da rawar jiki, reamer, famfo, da sauransu;

 

③ m kayan aiki;

 

④ kayan aikin niƙa, da sauransu.

 

IToadapt zuwa buƙatun kayan aikin injin CNC don ƙarfin kayan aiki, kwanciyar hankali, daidaitawa mai sauƙi, da musanyawa, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da kayan aiki mai ƙima mai ƙima, wanda ya kai 30% - 40% na jimlar yawan kayan aikin CNC, da Adadin cirewar ƙarfe yana lissafin 80% - 90% na duka.

 

Idan aka kwatanta da masu yankan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin injin gabaɗaya, masu yankan CNC suna da buƙatu daban-daban, galibi tare da halaye masu zuwa:

 

(1) mai kyau rigidity (musamman m yankan kayan aikin), high daidaici, kananan vibration juriya, da thermal nakasawa;

 

(2) kyakkyawar musanyawa, dacewa don sauya kayan aiki mai sauri;

 

(3) high sabis rayuwa, barga da kuma abin dogara yankan yi;

 

(4) girman kayan aiki yana da sauƙin daidaitawa, yana rage lokacin daidaitawa na canjin kayan aiki;

 

(5) cCutter zai iya karya ko mirgina kwakwalwan kwamfuta dogara don sauƙaƙe cire guntu;

 

(6) daidaita daidaitattun serializatCutterd don sauƙaƙe shirye-shirye da sarrafa kayan aiki.

 

II. Zaɓin kayan aikin injin NC

 

Ana gudanar da zaɓin kayan aikin yankan a cikin yanayin hulɗar ɗan adam-kwamfuta na shirye-shiryen NC. Za a zaɓi kayan aiki da rike daidai gwargwadon ƙarfin injin kayan aikin injin, aikin kayan aikin kayan aiki, tsarin sarrafawa, adadin yankan, da sauran abubuwan da suka dace. Ka'idodin zaɓin kayan aiki sun dace da shigarwa da daidaitawa, tsauri mai kyau, tsayi mai tsayi, da daidaito. Don saduwa da buƙatun mashin ɗin, yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar ɗan guntun kayan aiki don inganta ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aikin kayan aiki. Lokacin zabar kayan aiki, girman kayan aikin ya kamata ya dace da girman saman kayan aikin da za a sarrafa.

 

A cikin samarwa, ana amfani da abin yankan ƙarshen niƙa don sarrafa sassan sassan jirgin sama; a lokacin da ake niƙa sassan jirgin sama, ya kamata a zaɓi abin yankan niƙa na carbide; a lokacin da machining shugaba da tsagi, da high-gudun karfe karshen milling abun yanka ya kamata a zaba; a lokacin da machining blank surface ko m machining rami, masara milling abun yanka tare da carbide ruwa za a iya zabar; don sarrafa wasu bayanan martaba mai girma uku da kwane-kwane tare da madaidaicin kusurwar bevel, abin yankan ƙwallon kan milling da naƙasa zobe ya taso an yi amfani da CCutter taper abun yanka da mai yanka diski. A cikin aiwatar da aikin gyaran fuska na kyauta, saboda saurin yankan mai yankan ƙwallon ba shi da sifili, don tabbatar da daidaiton mashin ɗin, tazarar yankan gabaɗaya yana da yawa sosai, don haka ana amfani da shugaban ƙwallon don ƙare saman. A lebur kai abun yanka ne m zuwa ball shugaban abun yanka a saman machining ingancin da yankan yadda ya dace. Don haka, yakamata a zaɓi mai yankan kai da kyau idan an tabbatar da mashin ɗin mai lanƙwasa.

 

Bugu da ƙari, dorewa da daidaito na kayan aikin yankan suna da dangantaka mai kyau tare da farashin kayan aiki. Dole ne a lura cewa, a mafi yawan lokuta, zaɓin kayan aikin yankan mai kyau yana ƙara farashin kayan aikin yankan, Duk da haka, haɓakar da aka samu a cikin inganci da inganci na iya rage yawan farashin sarrafawa.

 

A cikin cibiyar injin, ana shigar da kowane irin kayan aiki a cikin mujallar kayan aiki, kuma suna iya zaɓar da canza kayan aiki a kowane lokaci bisa ga shirin. Sabili da haka, dole ne a yi amfani da daidaitattun kayan aiki don haka daidaitattun kayan aikin hakowa, m, fadadawa, milling, da sauran matakai za a iya shigar da sauri da daidai a kan sandar ko mujallu na kayan aikin inji. Mai tsara shirye-shirye zai san girman tsarin, hanyar daidaitawa, da kewayon daidaitawa na kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi akan kayan aikin injin don ƙayyade girman radial da axial na kayan aiki lokacin shiryawa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin kayan aikin G a cibiyoyin injina a kasar Sin. Akwai nau'ikan shanks guda biyu: madaidaiciyar shanks (madaidaiciya shanks (ƙayyadadden bayanai) da kuma taper shanks (bayani guda huɗu), gami da 16 don kayan aiki don dalilai daban-daban. A cikin NC machining na tattalin arziki, saboda niƙa, aunawa, da maye gurbin kayan aikin yankan galibi ana yin su da hannu, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, ya zama dole a tsara tsari na kayan aikin yankan cikin hankali.

 

Gabaɗaya, za a bi ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:

 

① rage yawan kayan aiki;

 

② bayan an danne kayan aiki, duk sassan injin da zai iya aiwatarwa za a kammala;

 

③ za a yi amfani da kayan aikin mashin ɗin da za a yi amfani da su daban, har ma da waɗanda suke da girman iri ɗaya da ƙayyadaddun bayanai;

 

④ Milling kafin hakowa;

 

⑤ Kammala saman da farko, sannan ka gama kwane-kwane mai nau'i biyu;

 

⑥ idan zai yiwu, aikin canza kayan aiki na atomatik na kayan aikin injin CNC ya kamata a yi amfani dashi don inganta haɓakar samarwa.

 

III. Ƙaddamar da yanke sigogi don aikin CNC

 

Ka'idar zaɓi mai ma'ana na yankan sigogi ita ce, a cikin mashin ɗin, ana haɓaka yawan aiki gabaɗaya, amma ya kamata a yi la'akari da tattalin arziki da farashin injin; a cikin ƙananan mashin ɗin da ƙarewa, yankan inganci, tattalin arziki, da farashin mashin ɗin ya kamata a la'akari da yanayin tabbatar da ingancin mashin ɗin. Za a ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun ƙimar bisa ga jagorar kayan aikin injin, jagorar yankan sigogi, da gogewa.

 

(1) yanke zurfin t. Lokacin da aka ba da izinin ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aikin injin, kayan aiki, da kayan aiki, daidai yake da izinin injin, wanda shine ma'auni mai tasiri don haɓaka yawan aiki. Yakamata a tanadi wani tazara don kammalawa don tabbatar da daidaiton injinan sassa da rashin ƙarfi. Izinin ƙarewar kayan aikin injin CNC na iya zama ɗan ƙasa da na kayan aikin injin na yau da kullun.

 

(2) yankan nisa L. Gabaɗaya, l daidai yake daidai da diamita na kayan aiki na D kuma ya bambanta da zurfin yankan. A cikin NC machining na tattalin arziki, ƙimar ƙimar L shine gabaɗaya L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) yankan gudun v. Ƙara V kuma ma'auni ne don inganta yawan aiki, amma V yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin kayan aiki. Tare da haɓakar V, ƙarfin kayan aiki yana raguwa sosai, don haka zaɓin V ya dogara da ƙarfin kayan aiki. Bugu da ƙari, saurin yanke kuma yana da dangantaka mai kyau tare da kayan aiki. Misali, lokacin milling 30crni2mova tare da mai yankan niƙa na enan d, V na iya zama kusan 8m / min; Lokacin milling aluminum gami da wannan karshen milling abun yanka, V na iya zama fiye da 200m / min.

 

(4) saurin igiya n (R / min). Ana zaɓin saurin sandal ɗin gabaɗaya bisa ga saurin yanke v. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga s: inda D shine diamita na kayan aiki ko kayan aiki (mm). GeTypically, kwamitin kula da kayan aikin injin CNC yana sanye take da madaidaicin saurin igiya (da yawa), wanda zai iya daidaita saurin igiya a cikin aikin injin.

 

(5) za a zaɓi saurin ciyarwa vfvfvf bisa ga buƙatun daidaiton mashin ɗin da ƙarancin ƙasa na sassa da kayan kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Haɓakawa OFF kuma na iya inganta ingantaccen samarwa. Lokacin da ƙarancin ƙasa ya yi ƙasa, ana iya zaɓar VF mafi mahimmanci. A cikin tsarin injin, VF kuma za'a iya daidaita shi da hannu ta hanyar sauyawar daidaitawa akan sashin kula da kayan aikin injin, Duk da haka, saurin ciyarwa yana iyakance ta ƙarfin kayan aiki da tsarin tsarin ciyarwa.