Tun lokacin da aka gano titanium a cikin 1790, mutane sun yi ta binciken abubuwan da ke da ban mamaki fiye da karni guda. A cikin 1910, an fara samar da ƙarfe na titanium, amma tafiya zuwa yin amfani da alluran titanium ya kasance mai tsayi da ƙalubale. Sai a shekarar 1951 cewa samar da masana'antu ya zama gaskiya.
Titanium alloys an san su da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi na musamman, juriya na lalata, juriya mai zafi, da juriya ga gajiya. Suna auna 60% kawai kamar ƙarfe a girma ɗaya duk da haka sun fi ƙarfin ƙarfe. Saboda waɗannan kyawawan kaddarorin, ana ƙara yin amfani da allunan titanium a fagage daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da jirgin sama, sararin samaniya, samar da wutar lantarki, makamashin nukiliya, jigilar kaya, sinadarai, da kayan aikin likita.
Dalilan da ya sa alloys titanium ke da wahalar aiwatarwa
Babban halaye guda huɗu na alloys na titanium-ƙananan ƙarancin zafin jiki, ƙarfin aiki mai mahimmanci, babban kusanci don yankan kayan aikin, da ƙayyadaddun nakasar filastik - sune mahimman dalilan da yasa waɗannan kayan ke ƙalubalantar aiwatarwa. Ayyukan yankan su shine kawai kusan kashi 20% na ƙarfe mai sauƙin yankewa.
Low thermal watsin
Alloys na Titanium suna da yanayin zafi wanda kusan kashi 16% na karfe 45# ne kawai. Wannan iyakacin iyakacin ikon tafiyar da zafi yayin aiki yana haifar da haɓakar zafin jiki mai mahimmanci a ƙarshen yanke; a gaskiya ma, yawan zafin jiki lokacin sarrafawa zai iya wuce na 45 # karfe fiye da 100%. Wannan haɓakar zafin jiki cikin sauƙi yana haifar da lalacewa akan kayan aikin yanke.
Tsananin wahalar aiki
Titanium alloy yana nuna wani muhimmin al'amari na taurin aiki, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin ma'anar taurarewar ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da bakin karfe. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙalubale a aiki na gaba, kamar ƙara lalacewa akan kayan aiki.
Babban alaƙa tare da kayan aikin yankan
Matsanancin mannewa tare da siminti mai ɗauke da titanium.
Ƙananan nakasar filastik
Modules na roba na karfe 45 kusan rabin ne, yana haifar da farfadowa mai mahimmanci da juzu'i mai tsanani. Bugu da ƙari, aikin aikin yana da sauƙi ga nakasar clamping.
Nasihu na fasaha don machining titanium gami
Dangane da fahimtarmu game da ingantattun injunan injina don alloys titanium da abubuwan da suka faru a baya, ga manyan shawarwarin fasaha don sarrafa waɗannan kayan:
- Yi amfani da ruwan wukake tare da ingantacciyar geometry na kusurwa don rage ƙarfin yanke, rage yanke zafi, da rage nakasar aikin.
- Kula da ƙimar ciyarwa akai-akai don hana hardening workpiece. Kayan aiki ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance a cikin abinci yayin aiwatar da yankan. Don niƙa, zurfin yankan radial (ae) yakamata ya zama 30% na radius na kayan aiki.
- Yi amfani da matsi mai ƙarfi da manyan magudanar ruwa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na thermal a lokacin machining, hana lalata ƙasa da lalacewar kayan aiki saboda matsanancin yanayin zafi.
- Rike gefen ruwa mai kaifi. Kayan aiki maras kyau na iya haifar da tarin zafi da ƙara lalacewa, yana haɓaka haɗarin gazawar kayan aiki.
- Machine titanium gami a cikin mafi taushi yanayin duk lokacin da zai yiwu.CNC machining aikiya zama mafi wahala bayan taurin, yayin da maganin zafi yana ƙara ƙarfin kayan kuma yana haɓaka lalacewa.
- Yi amfani da babban radius na tip ko chamfer lokacin yanke don ƙara girman wurin tuntuɓar ruwa. Wannan dabarar na iya rage yanke ƙarfi da zafi a kowane lokaci, yana taimakawa hana fashewar gida. Lokacin milling alloys titanium, yankan gudun yana da tasiri mafi mahimmanci akan rayuwar kayan aiki, sannan zurfin yankan radial ya biyo baya.
Warware matsalolin sarrafa titanium ta farawa da ruwa.
Lalacewar tsagi da ke faruwa a lokacin sarrafa kayan haɗin gwal na titanium shine lalacewa na gida wanda ke faruwa tare da baya da gaban ruwa, bin hanyar yanke zurfin. Sau da yawa ana haifar da wannan lalacewa ta hanyar tauri mai tauri da ya ragu daga hanyoyin injinan da suka gabata. Bugu da ƙari, a yanayin aiki da ya wuce 800 ° C, halayen sinadarai da yaduwa tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki suna ba da gudummawa ga samuwar tsagi.
A lokacin machining, titanium kwayoyin daga workpiece iya tara a gaban ruwa saboda high matsa lamba da kuma zafin jiki, haifar da wani sabon abu da aka sani da gina-up gefen. Lokacin da wannan ginin gefen ya rabu da ruwa, zai iya cire murfin carbide akan ruwa. A sakamakon haka, sarrafa alluran titanium yana buƙatar yin amfani da kayan ƙera na musamman da geometries.
Tsarin kayan aiki ya dace da sarrafa titanium
Sarrafa kayan haɗin gwal na titanium da farko ya dogara ne akan sarrafa zafi. Don ɓatar da zafi yadda ya kamata, dole ne a yi amfani da babban adadin ruwan yankan matsa lamba daidai kuma da sauri a yi amfani da shi zuwa ga yanke. Bugu da ƙari, akwai na'urori masu yankan niƙa na musamman waɗanda aka keɓance musamman don sarrafa gami da titanium.
Farawa daga ƙayyadaddun hanyar inji
Juyawa
Kayayyakin gami na titanium na iya cimma kyawu mai kyau a lokacin juyawa, kuma taurin aikin ba mai tsanani bane. Duk da haka, ƙananan zafin jiki yana da girma, wanda ke haifar da saurin kayan aiki. Don magance waɗannan halayen, da farko muna mai da hankali kan matakan masu zuwa game da kayan aiki da yanke sigogi:
Kayayyakin Kayan aiki:Dangane da yanayin da masana'anta ke ciki, an zaɓi kayan kayan aikin YG6, YG8, da YG10HT.
Ma'aunin lissafi na kayan aiki:dace kayan aiki gaba da raya kusurwa, Tooltip zagaye.
Lokacin juya da'irar waje, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙarancin saurin yankewa, matsakaicin ƙimar ciyarwa, zurfin yanke zurfin, da isasshen sanyaya. Tushen kayan aiki bai kamata ya zama sama da tsakiyar aikin aikin ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da makalewa. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin kammalawa da juya sassa masu sirara, babban kusurwar kayan aikin ya kamata gabaɗaya ya kasance tsakanin digiri 75 zuwa 90.
Milling
Milling na titanium gami kayayyakin ne mafi wuya fiye da juya, saboda milling ne intermittent yanke, da kuma kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sauki manne da ruwa. Lokacin da haƙoran haƙora suka sake yanke cikin kayan aikin, ana ƙwanƙwasa kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ɗanɗano kuma an ɗauke ɗan ƙaramin kayan aiki, wanda ke haifar da guntuwa, wanda ke rage ƙarfin kayan aiki sosai.
Hanyar niƙa:kullum amfani da ƙasa milling.
Kayan aiki:karfe M42 mai sauri.
Ba a yawanci amfani da niƙan ƙasa don sarrafa gami da ƙarfe. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda tasirin ratar da ke tsakanin dunƙule gubar na'ura da na goro. Lokacin saukar da niƙa, yayin da mai yankan niƙa ke yin aiki tare da kayan aikin, ƙarfin bangaren da ke cikin jagorar ciyarwa ya yi daidai da jagorar ciyarwar kanta. Wannan jeri zai iya haifar da motsi na tsaka-tsakin tebur na workpiece, yana ƙara haɗarin fashewar kayan aiki.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin niƙa, haƙoran haƙoran haƙoran sun haɗu da ƙaƙƙarfan Layer a gefen yanke, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar kayan aiki. A cikin juzu'i na milling, kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna canzawa daga bakin ciki zuwa kauri, suna yin farkon yanke lokaci mai saurin bushewa tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aikin. Wannan na iya tsananta manne guntu da guntuwar kayan aiki.
Don cimma santsin niƙa na gami na titanium, ya kamata a yi la'akari da la'akari da yawa: rage kusurwar gaba da haɓaka kusurwar baya idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun masu yankan milling. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙananan saurin niƙa da zaɓin masu yankan haƙori mai kaifi yayin guje wa masu yankan felu-haƙori.
Taɓa
Lokacin danna samfuran gami na titanium, ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya mannewa cikin ruwan wuka da kayan aiki cikin sauƙi. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarar daɗaɗɗen ƙasa da juzu'i. Zaɓin da ba daidai ba da amfani da famfo na iya haifar da taurin aiki, haifar da ƙarancin aiki sosai, kuma lokaci-lokaci yana haifar da karyewar famfo.
Don inganta taɓawa, yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ta amfani da tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-in-wuri da aka tsallake. Yawan hakora akan famfo yakamata ya zama ƙasa da na daidaitaccen famfo, yawanci kusan hakora 2 zuwa 3. An fi son babban kusurwa mai yanke taper, tare da sashin taper gabaɗaya yana auna tsayin zaren 3 zuwa 4. Don taimakawa wajen cire guntu, ana iya samun kusurwa mara kyau kuma ana iya ƙasa a kan matsewar. Yin amfani da gajerun famfo na iya haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan taper. Bugu da ƙari, taper na baya yakamata ya zama ɗan girma fiye da daidaitattun don rage juzu'i tsakanin taper da kayan aikin.
Reaming
Lokacin reaming titanium gami, kayan aiki lalacewa gabaɗaya baya da tsanani, kyale don amfani da duka carbide da kuma high-gudun karfe reamers. Lokacin amfani da na'urori na carbide, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsattsauran tsarin tsarin, kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen hakowa, don hana guntuwar reamer.
Babban ƙalubale a cikin reaming titanium gami ramukan ne cimma m gama. Don kaucewa ruwan wukake da ke manne da bangon ramin, ya kamata a rage nisa na ruwan reamer a hankali ta amfani da dutse mai mai yayin da ake tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfi. Yawanci, nisa ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 0.1 mm zuwa 0.15 mm.
Matsakaicin tsaka-tsakin yankewa da sashin daidaitawa ya kamata ya ƙunshi baka mai santsi. Kulawa na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci bayan lalacewa ta faru, tabbatar da cewa girman baka na kowane haƙori ya kasance daidai. Idan an buƙata, ana iya haɓaka sashin daidaitawa don ingantaccen aiki.
Yin hakowa
Haƙon gami na titanium yana ba da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci, galibi yana haifar da ƙuƙumman ƙwanƙwasa ko karya yayin sarrafawa. Wannan da farko yana haifar da al'amurra kamar niƙa mara kyau, ƙarancin cire guntu, rashin isasshen sanyaya, da rashin ƙarfi na tsarin.
Don haɓakar gami na titanium yadda ya kamata, yana da mahimmanci a mai da hankali kan abubuwa masu zuwa: tabbatar da niƙa da kyau na rawar soja, yi amfani da babban kusurwa mafi girma, rage kusurwar gaba ta waje, ƙara kusurwar waje na baya, da daidaita taper ta baya ta zama. Sau 2 zuwa 3 fiye da na daidaitaccen ma'aunin rawar jiki. Yana da mahimmanci a akai-akai janye kayan aiki don cire kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sauri, yayin da kuma kula da siffar da launi na kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Idan kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun bayyana fuka-fuki ko kuma idan launinsu ya canza yayin da ake hakowa, yana nuna cewa ƙwanƙwasa yana zama mara ƙarfi kuma ya kamata a maye gurbinsa ko a kaifi.
Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a daidaita jig ɗin rawar soja a amintaccen wurin aiki, tare da ruwan jagora kusa da saman sarrafawa. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ɗan guntun rawar soja a duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Lokacin da ake amfani da ciyarwar da hannu, ya kamata a kula da kar a ci gaba ko ja da baya da abin da ke cikin rami. Yin hakan na iya sa ɗigon ya yi goga a saman da ake sarrafawa, wanda zai kai ga yin aiki tuƙuru da ɓatar da ɗigon.
Nika
Matsalolin gama gari da ake fuskanta lokacin niƙaCNC titanium gami sassasun haɗa da toshe dabaran niƙa saboda makale kwakwalwan kwamfuta da kuma ƙonewar saman a sassan. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda alloys na titanium suna da ƙarancin yanayin zafi, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi mai yawa a yankin niƙa. Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da haɗin gwiwa, yaduwa, da kuma halayen sinadarai masu ƙarfi tsakanin alloy na titanium da kayan abrasive.
Kasancewar m kwakwalwan kwamfuta da kuma toshe ƙafafun nika muhimmanci rage nika rabo. Bugu da ƙari, yaduwa da halayen sunadarai na iya haifar da ƙonewa a saman kan kayan aikin, a ƙarshe yana rage ƙarfin gajiyar sashin. Ana bayyana wannan matsala musamman lokacin da ake niƙa simintin ƙarfe na titanium.
Don magance wannan matsalar, matakan da aka ɗauka sune:
Zaɓi kayan dabaran niƙa da suka dace: silicon carbide TL kore. Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan dabaran niƙa: ZR1.
Dole ne a sarrafa yankan kayan gami na titanium ta hanyar kayan aiki, yankan ruwa, da sigogin sarrafawa don haɓaka ingantaccen aiki gabaɗaya.
Idan kuna son ƙarin sani ko tambaya, da fatan za ku iya tuntuɓarinfo@anebon.com
Zafafan Siyarwa: Masana'anta a China Samar daCNC juya aka gyarada Small CNCAbubuwan niƙa.
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Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-29-2024