1. Samun ƙaramin zurfin zurfin ta amfani da ayyukan trigonometric
A cikin ingantattun masana'antar kera, mukan yi aiki akai-akai tare da abubuwan da ke da da'irori na ciki da na waje waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaiton mataki na biyu. Koyaya, abubuwa kamar yanke zafi da gogayya tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki na iya haifar da lalacewa na kayan aiki. Bugu da ƙari, daidaiton madaidaicin madaidaicin mai riƙe kayan aikin murabba'in na iya shafar ingancin samfurin da aka gama.
Don magance ƙalubalen ƙayyadaddun ƙananan zurfafawa, za mu iya yin amfani da alaƙar da ke tsakanin kishiyar gefen da hypotenuse na madaidaicin alwatika yayin aikin juyawa. Ta hanyar daidaita kusurwar mariƙin kayan aiki mai tsayi kamar yadda ake buƙata, za mu iya samun nasara mai kyau yadda yakamata akan zurfin zurfin kayan aikin juyawa. Wannan hanyar ba wai kawai tana adana lokaci da ƙoƙari ba amma har ma tana haɓaka ingancin samfur kuma inganta ingantaccen aikin gabaɗaya.
Misali, ƙimar sikelin kayan aikin yana kan lathe C620 shine 0.05 mm kowace grid. Don cimma zurfin zurfin 0.005 mm, zamu iya komawa zuwa aikin trigonometric sine. Lissafin shine kamar haka: sinα = 0.005/0.05 = 0.1, wanda ke nufin α = 5º44′. Don haka, ta hanyar saita kayan aikin zuwa 5º44′, duk wani motsi na faifan zane mai tsayi ta hanyar grid ɗaya zai haifar da daidaitawar 0.005 mm na gefe don kayan aikin juyawa.
2. Misalai Uku na Aikace-aikacen Fasaha na Juya Juya
Ayyukan samarwa na dogon lokaci ya nuna cewa fasahar yanke baya na iya haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin takamaiman hanyoyin juyawa.
(1) The baya yankan thread abu ne martensitic bakin karfe
Lokacin yin amfani da kayan aiki na ciki da na waje tare da filaye na 1.25 da 1.75 mm, ƙimar da aka samu ba za a iya raba su ba saboda raguwar farar dunƙule lathe daga farar aikin. Idan zaren yana yin inji ta hanyar ɗaga hannun goro don janye kayan aiki, sau da yawa yana haifar da zaren da ba daidai ba. Lathes na yau da kullun gabaɗaya ba su da fayafai na zaren bazuwar, kuma ƙirƙirar irin wannan saitin na iya ɗaukar lokaci sosai.
Sakamakon haka, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don sarrafa zaren wannan farar ita ce jujjuyawar gaba mai sauƙi. Matsakaicin saurin sauri ba ya ƙyale isasshen lokaci don janye kayan aiki, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin samarwa da haɓaka haɓakar cizon kayan aiki yayin tsarin juyawa. Wannan batu yana tasiri sosai ga rashin ƙarfi, musamman lokacin da ake sarrafa kayan bakin karfe na martensitic kamar 1Cr13 da 2Cr13 a cikin ƙananan gudu saboda faɗar kayan aiki.
Don magance waɗannan ƙalubalen, an haɓaka hanyar yankan "mai juyawa uku" ta hanyar ƙwarewar aiki mai amfani. Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi jujjuya kayan aikin kayan aiki, yanke baya, da ciyar da kayan aiki a kishiyar shugabanci. Yana da kyau cimma kyakkyawan aikin yanke gabaɗaya kuma yana ba da damar yanke zaren mai sauri, yayin da kayan aiki ke motsawa daga hagu zuwa dama don fita daga aikin. Sakamakon haka, wannan hanyar tana kawar da al'amura tare da cire kayan aiki yayin zaren sauri. Takamammen hanyar ita ce kamar haka:
Kafin fara aiki, dan ƙara ƙara juzu'i mai juzu'i don tabbatar da mafi kyawun gudu yayin farawa a baya. Daidaita abin yankan zaren kuma a tsare shi ta hanyar ƙara buɗewa da rufe goro. Fara jujjuyawar gaba a cikin ƙananan gudu har sai tsagi mai yanke ya ɓace, sa'an nan kuma saka kayan aiki mai juya zaren zuwa zurfin yankan da ya dace kuma juya jagorar. A wannan lokaci, kayan aikin juyawa ya kamata ya motsa daga hagu zuwa dama a babban gudun. Bayan yin yankan da yawa ta wannan hanya, za ku cimma zaren tare da kyawu mai kyau da madaidaici.
(2) Juya baya
A cikin tsarin ƙwanƙwasa na gargajiya na gaba, filayen ƙarfe da tarkace za su iya samun tarko cikin sauƙi tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki na knurling. Wannan yanayin zai iya haifar da amfani da karfi da yawa a kan kayan aikin, yana haifar da al'amura kamar rashin daidaituwa na alamu, murkushe alamu, ko fatalwa. Koyaya, ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar hanyar jujjuya juzu'i tare da lathe spindle tana jujjuyawa a kwance, yawancin illolin da ke tattare da aikin gaba za a iya kaucewa yadda ya kamata, wanda zai haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako gabaɗaya.
(3) Juya juyewar zaren bututu na ciki da na waje
Lokacin juya daban-daban na ciki da na waje taper zaren tare da ƙananan buƙatun buƙatu da ƙananan batches na samarwa, zaku iya amfani da sabuwar hanyar da ake kira yanke baya ba tare da buƙatar na'urar yanke mutuwa ba. Yayin yankan, zaka iya amfani da ƙarfin kwance zuwa kayan aiki tare da hannunka. Don zaren bututun taper na waje, wannan yana nufin motsa kayan aiki daga hagu zuwa dama. Wannan karfi na gefe yana taimakawa sarrafa zurfin yankan yadda ya kamata yayin da kuke ci gaba daga babban diamita zuwa ƙaramin diamita. Dalilin da yasa wannan hanyar ke aiki yadda ya kamata shine saboda pre-matsa lamba da aka yi amfani da shi lokacin buga kayan aiki. Aiwatar da wannan fasahar aiki ta baya wajen sarrafa sarrafawa tana ƙara yaɗuwa kuma ana iya daidaita su cikin sassauƙa don dacewa da takamaiman yanayi daban-daban.
3. Sabuwar hanyar aiki da kayan aikin kayan aiki don hako ƙananan ramuka
Lokacin hako ramukan da ke ƙasa da 0.6 mm, ƙananan diamita na ƙwanƙwasa, haɗe tare da rashin ƙarfi da ƙananan saurin yankewa, na iya haifar da juriya mai mahimmanci, musamman ma lokacin aiki tare da kayan aiki masu zafi da bakin karfe. A sakamakon haka, yin amfani da ciyarwar inji a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya haifar da fashewar bit.
Don magance wannan batu, za a iya amfani da kayan aiki mai sauƙi da inganci da hanyar ciyar da hannu. Da farko, gyara ainihin ƙugiyar rawar soja zuwa nau'in shank madaidaiciya. Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, amintaccen matse ƙaramin ɗan rawar soja a cikin ƙugiyar mai iyo, yana ba da damar hakowa mai santsi. Madaidaicin madaidaicin ɗigon rawar jiki yana dacewa da kyau a cikin hannun rigar ja, yana ba shi damar motsawa cikin yardar kaina.
Lokacin haƙa ƙananan ramuka, za ku iya riƙe ƙwanƙwasa a hankali da hannun ku don cimma ƙananan ciyarwar hannu. Wannan dabarar tana ba da damar hakowa da sauri na ƙananan ramuka yayin tabbatar da inganci da inganci, don haka tsawaita rayuwar sabis na rawar rawar soja. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da gyare-gyaren maƙasudin maƙasudi da yawa don matsa ƙananan zaren ciki, ramukan ramuka, da ƙari. Idan ana buƙatar haƙa rami mai girma, ana iya saka fil mai iyaka tsakanin hannun ja da madaidaicin kafa (duba hoto na 3).
4. Anti-vibration na aikin rami mai zurfi
A cikin sarrafa rami mai zurfi, ƙananan diamita na ramin da siriri ƙirar kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa sun sa ya zama makawa don rawar jiki yayin juya sassan rami mai zurfi tare da diamita na Φ30-50mm da zurfin kusan 1000mm. Don rage girman wannan girgizar kayan aiki, ɗayan mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci hanyoyin shine haɗa goyan bayan guda biyu waɗanda aka yi daga kayan kamar bakelite mai ƙarfafa zane zuwa jikin kayan aiki. Waɗannan goyan bayan ya kamata su zama diamita ɗaya da rami. A lokacin aikin yankewa, kayan bakelite masu ƙarfafa tufafi suna ba da matsayi da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke taimakawa hana kayan aiki daga rawar jiki, yana haifar da sassan rami mai zurfi mai zurfi.
5. Anti-katsewa na ƙananan horo na tsakiya
A cikin jujjuya aiki, lokacin hako rami na tsakiya ƙasa da 1.5 mm (Φ1.5 mm), rawar tsakiyar yana da saurin karyewa. Hanya mai sauƙi kuma mai tasiri don hana karyewa shine don guje wa kulle tarkacen wutsiya yayin hako rami na tsakiya. Madadin haka, ƙyale nauyin wutsiya ya haifar da gogayya a kan saman gadon kayan aikin injin yayin da aka haƙa rami. Idan juriyar yankan ya zama mai wuce gona da iri, dokin wutsiya zai koma baya ta atomatik, yana ba da kariya ga rawar tsakiya.
6. Fasahar sarrafawa na nau'in nau'in roba na "O".
Lokacin amfani da nau'in nau'in roba na "O", rashin daidaituwa tsakanin nau'in nau'i na namiji da na mace abu ne na kowa. Wannan rashin daidaituwa na iya karkatar da siffar zoben roba na nau'in "O" da aka danna, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 4, wanda zai haifar da sharar gida mai mahimmanci.
Bayan gwaje-gwaje da yawa, hanya mai zuwa zata iya samar da nau'in nau'in "O" wanda ya dace da bukatun fasaha.
(1) Fasahar sarrafa gyaggyarawa namiji
① Fine Fine-juya girman kowane bangare da 45° bevel bisa ga zane.
② Shigar da wuka mai ƙirƙira R, matsar da ƙaramin mariƙin wukar zuwa 45°, kuma ana nuna hanyar daidaita wukar a hoto na 5.
Dangane da zane, lokacin da kayan aikin R ke matsayi A, kayan aikin yana tuntuɓar da'irar waje D tare da wurin tuntuɓar C. Matsar da babban faifan nesa zuwa hanyar kibiya ɗaya sannan matsar da mariƙin kayan aiki a kwance X a hanya. na kibiya 2. Ana lissafin X kamar haka:
X=(Dd)/2+(R-Rsin45°)
= (Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
= (Dd)/2+0.2929R
(watau 2X=D—d+0.2929Φ).
Sa'an nan, matsar da babban zamewar a cikin shugabanci na kibiya uku sabõda haka, da R kayan aiki ya tuntube da 45° gangara. A wannan lokacin, kayan aiki yana cikin matsayi na tsakiya (watau R kayan aiki yana cikin matsayi B).
③ Matsar da ƙaramin mariƙin kayan aiki zuwa ga kibiya 4 don sassaƙa rami R, kuma zurfin ciyarwa shine Φ/2.
Lura ① Lokacin da kayan aikin R yana matsayi B:
∵OC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
CD=OC-OD=R-0.7071R=0.2929R,
④ Ana iya sarrafa girman X ta hanyar ma'aunin toshe, kuma ana iya sarrafa girman R ta alamar bugun kira don sarrafa zurfin.
(2) Fasahar sarrafawa na mold mara kyau
① Tsarin ma'auni na kowane sashi bisa ga buƙatun Hoto 6 (ba a sarrafa ma'aunin rami).
② Niƙa 45° bevel da ƙarshen saman.
③ Shigar da kayan aikin R kuma daidaita ƙaramin mariƙin kayan aiki zuwa kusurwar 45° (yi gyare-gyare ɗaya don aiwatar da kyawu masu inganci da mara kyau). Lokacin da aka sanya kayan aikin R a A', kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6, tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki sun tuntuɓi da'irar waje D a wurin tuntuɓar C. Na gaba, matsar da babban zamewar a cikin kibiya 1 don cire kayan aiki daga da'irar waje. D, sa'an nan kuma matsar da mariƙin kayan aiki a kwance a cikin hanyar kibiya 2. Ana ƙididdige nisa X kamar haka:
X=d+(Dd)/2+CD
= d+(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
= d+(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(watau 2X=D+d+0.2929Φ)
Sa'an nan, matsar da babban zamewar a cikin shugabanci na kibiya uku har sai R kayan aiki ya tuntubi 45° bevel. A wannan lokacin, kayan aikin yana cikin matsayi na tsakiya (watau matsayi B' a cikin hoto 6).
④ Matsar da ƙaramin mariƙin kayan aiki a cikin hanyar kibiya 4 don yanke rami R, kuma zurfin ciyarwa shine Φ/2.
Bayani: ①∵DC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
CD=0.2929R,
⑤ Ana iya sarrafa girman X ta hanyar ma'aunin toshe, kuma ana iya sarrafa girman R ta alamar bugun kira don sarrafa zurfin.
7. Anti-vibration lokacin juya bakin ciki-banga workpieces
A lokacin aiwatar da juyawa na bakin ciki-bangosassa na simintin gyaran kafa, jijjiga yakan tashi saboda rashin ƙarfi. Ana bayyana wannan batu musamman lokacin da ake sarrafa bakin karfe da allunan da ke jure zafi, wanda ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi sosai da ƙarancin kayan aiki. A ƙasa akwai hanyoyi da yawa kai tsaye na anti-vibration waɗanda za a iya amfani da su wajen samarwa.
1. Juya waje da'irar Bakin Karfe Hollow Slender Tubes**: Don rage girgiza, cika m sashe na workpiece da sawdust da kuma rufe shi tam. Bugu da ƙari, yi amfani da matosai na bakelite ɗin da aka ƙarfafa zane don rufe ƙarshen ƙarshen aikin. Maye gurbin ƙuƙuman goyan baya akan kayan aikin sauran kayan aiki tare da guna na goyan baya da aka yi da bakelite mai ƙarfafa zane. Bayan daidaita baka da ake buƙata, zaku iya ci gaba da jujjuya sandar siririyar mara ƙarfi. Wannan hanya ta yadda ya kamata rage rawar jiki da nakasawa yayin yankan.
2. Juya cikin Hole na Heat-Resistant (High nickel-Chromium) Alloy Thin-Walled Workpieces ***: Saboda rashin ƙarfi na waɗannan workpieces tare da siririn kayan aiki, mai tsanani resonance na iya faruwa a lokacin yankan, risking kayan aiki lalacewa da kuma samar. sharar gida. Kunna da'irar waje na workpiece tare da kayan shayar da girgiza, kamar tuber roba ko soso, na iya rage rawar jiki da kare kayan aiki.
3. Bugawa da'irar waje na tsananin zafi-Walled Sleeve Woret **: Babban yankan allon-tsayayya da allo-mai tsauri a lokacin yankan tsari. Don magance wannan, cika ramin aikin da kayan kamar roba ko zaren auduga, kuma a matse fuskokin ƙarshen biyu. Wannan tsarin yadda ya kamata yana hana girgizawa da lalacewa, yana ba da damar samar da manyan kayan aikin hannu na bakin ciki mai inganci.
8. Kayan aiki mai ɗaukar hoto don fayafai masu siffar diski
Bangaren mai siffar faifan yanki ne mai sirara mai bango mai ɗauke da bevels biyu. A yayin aiwatar da juyi na biyu, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa an haɗu da siffa da haƙurin matsayi da kuma hana duk wani nakasar kayan aikin yayin datsewa da yanke. Don cimma wannan, zaku iya ƙirƙirar saiti mai sauƙi na kayan aikin matsewa da kanku.
Waɗannan kayan aikin suna amfani da bevel daga matakin aiki na baya don sakawa. Sashin mai siffar diski yana cikin wannan kayan aiki mai sauƙi ta amfani da goro akan bevel na waje, yana ba da damar juyar da radius na baka (R) akan ƙarshen fuska, rami, da bevel na waje, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin hoto na 7.
9. Daidaici m manyan diamita taushi muƙamuƙi iyakance
Lokacin juyawa da manne madaidaicin kayan aiki tare da manyan diamita, yana da mahimmanci don hana jaws uku daga canzawa saboda gibba. Don cimma wannan, sandar da ta dace da diamita na aikin aikin dole ne a riga an riga an haɗa shi a baya jaws uku kafin a yi wani gyare-gyare ga jaws masu laushi.
Madaidaicin ginin mu na al'ada mai ban sha'awa babban diamita mai laushi mai iyaka yana da fasali na musamman (duba Hoto 8). Musamman, za'a iya daidaita nau'i-nau'i guda uku a cikin sashi na No. 1 a cikin tsayayyen farantin karfe don fadada diamita, yana ba mu damar maye gurbin sanduna masu girma dabam kamar yadda ake bukata.
10. Sauƙaƙe madaidaici ƙarin kambori mai laushi
In juyawa aiki, Mu akai-akai aiki tare da matsakaici da ƙananan madaidaicin workpieces. Waɗannan ɓangarorin galibi suna nuna hadaddun sifofi na ciki da na waje tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari da buƙatun haƙuri. Don magance wannan, mun ƙirƙira saiti na al'ada guda uku-jaw chucks don lathes, kamar C1616. Madaidaicin jaws masu laushi suna tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin sun hadu da sifofi daban-daban da ka'idodin haƙurin matsayi, suna hana duk wani nau'i ko nakasawa yayin ayyukan ɗaurewa da yawa.
Tsarin masana'anta don waɗannan madaidaicin muƙamuƙi mai laushi yana da madaidaiciya. An yi su ne daga sandunan gami na aluminum kuma an haƙa su zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai. An ƙirƙiri rami mai tushe akan da'irar waje, tare da zaren M8 a ciki. Bayan niƙa ɓangarorin biyu, za a iya ɗora jaws masu laushi a kan ainihin muƙamuƙi masu wuya na muƙamuƙi uku. M8 hexagon socket screws Ana amfani da su don tabbatar da muƙamuƙi uku a wurin. Bayan haka, muna haƙa ramuka kamar yadda ake buƙata don madaidaicin matsi na workpiece a cikin jaws masu laushi na aluminum kafin yanke.
Aiwatar da wannan mafita na iya samar da fa'idodi masu yawa na tattalin arziki, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 9.
11. Ƙarin kayan aikin anti-vibration
Saboda da low rigidity na siririn shaft workpieces, vibration iya faruwa a lokacin Multi-tsagi yankan. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarewa a kan aikin aikin kuma zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga kayan aikin yanke. Koyaya, saitin kayan aikin anti-vibration na al'ada na iya magance matsalolin girgizar da ke da alaƙa da ƙananan sassa yayin tsagi (duba Hoto 10).
Kafin fara aiki, shigar da kayan aikin anti-vibration da aka yi da kansa a cikin matsayi mai dacewa a kan mai riƙe kayan aikin murabba'i. Na gaba, haɗa kayan aikin jujjuyawar tsagi da ake buƙata zuwa madaurin kayan aikin murabba'i kuma daidaita nisan bazara da matsawa. Da zarar an saita komai, zaku iya fara aiki. Lokacin da kayan aikin juyawa yayi lamba tare da kayan aikin, kayan aikin anti-vibration zai danna saman saman kayan aikin, yadda ya kamata yana rage rawar jiki.
12. Ƙarin tashar cibiyar rayuwa
Lokacin yin gyare-gyaren ƙananan ramuka tare da siffofi daban-daban, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da cibiyar rayuwa don riƙe kayan aiki amintacce yayin yanke. Tun daga karshensamfurin CNC millingworkpieces sau da yawa suna da siffofi daban-daban da ƙananan diamita, daidaitattun cibiyoyin rayuwa ba su dace ba. Don magance wannan batu, na ƙirƙiri madaidaicin madaidaicin madaurin kai tsaye a cikin siffofi daban-daban yayin aikin samarwa na. Daga nan na shigar da waɗannan iyakoki a kan daidaitattun wuraren pre-points, kyale su a yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata. Ana nuna tsarin a hoto na 11.
13. Honing kammalawa ga kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske
Lokacin sarrafa kayan ƙalubale kamar gawa mai zafin jiki da ƙarfe mai tauri, yana da mahimmanci don cimma ƙarancin ƙasa na Ra 0.20 zuwa 0.05 μm da kiyaye daidaiton girman girman. Yawanci, ana aiwatar da aikin ƙarshe na ƙarshe ta amfani da grinder.
Don inganta ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, la'akari da ƙirƙirar saitin kayan aikin honing masu sauƙi da ƙafafun honing. Ta amfani da honing maimakon gama niƙa a kan lathe, za ku iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako.
Dabarun honing
Manufacturing na honing dabaran
① Sinadaran
Abun da ke ciki: 100g epoxy guduro
Abrasive: 250-300g corundum (kristal corundum guda ɗaya don aiki mai wahala-zuwa kayan aikin nickel-chromium mai zafi mai zafi). Yi amfani da lamba 80 don Ra0.80μm, No. 120-150 don Ra0.20μm, da Lamba 200-300 don Ra0.05μm.
Hardener: 7-8g ethylenediamine.
Plasticizer: 10-15g dibutyl phthalate.
Mold abu: HT15-33 siffar.
② Hanyar yin jifa
Maganin sakin Mold: Zafafa resin epoxy zuwa 70-80 ℃, ƙara 5% polystyrene, 95% toluene solution, da dibutyl phthalate kuma a jujjuya su daidai, sannan a ƙara corundum (ko corundum guda ɗaya) a jujjuya daidai, sannan zafi zuwa 70-80 ℃, ƙara ethylenediamine idan an sanyaya zuwa 30 ° -38 ℃, motsawa akai-akai (minti 2-5), sannan a zuba. a cikin mold, kuma ajiye shi a 40 ℃ na 24 hours kafin rushewa.
③ Ana ba da gudun madaidaicin \(V \) ta hanyar dabara \(V = V_1 \cos \ alpha \). Anan, \ (V \) yana wakiltar saurin dangi zuwa kayan aikin, musamman saurin niƙa lokacin da motar honing ba ta yin abinci mai tsayi. A yayin aiwatar da honing, ban da motsi na juyawa, aikin aikin kuma yana haɓaka tare da adadin ciyarwa \(S \), yana ba da izinin motsi.
V1=80 ~ 120m/min
t=0.05 ~ 0.10mm
Rago <0.1mm
④ Cooling: 70% kerosene gauraye da 30% No. 20 man engine, kuma honing dabaran da aka gyara kafin honing (pre-honing).
Ana nuna tsarin kayan aikin honing a hoto na 13.
14. Saurin lodawa da sauke sandal
A cikin jujjuyawar sarrafawa, ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan amfani da su ana amfani da su don daidaita da'irar waje da jujjuyawar kusurwoyin madaidaicin madaidaicin jagora. Bayar da manyan Batch Batch, Loading da Sauke Matakai yayin samarwa na iya haifar da auraran lokuta, yana haifar da ƙananan haɓakar haɓakawa. Duk da haka, ta hanyar yin amfani da igiya mai sauri da saukewa tare da igiya guda ɗaya, kayan aikin jujjuyawar carbide da yawa, za mu iya rage lokacin taimako yayin sarrafa sassa daban-daban na hannun hannu yayin kiyaye ingancin samfur.
Don ƙirƙira sauƙi, ƙarami mai ɗorewa, fara da haɗa ƙaramin taf ɗin 0.02mm a bayan sandar. Bayan shigar da saitin ɗawainiya, za a kiyaye sashin a kan sandar ta hanyar gogayya. Na gaba, yi amfani da kayan aikin jujjuya mai yawan baki guda ɗaya. Fara da jujjuya da'irar waje, sannan a yi amfani da kusurwa 15° taper. Da zarar kun gama wannan matakin, dakatar da injin ɗin kuma yi amfani da maƙarƙashiya don fitar da sashin cikin sauri da inganci, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 14.
15. Juya sassa na ƙarfe mai tauri
(1) Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman misalan juya sassa na ƙarfe mai tauri
- Sake keɓancewa da sabuntawa na ƙarfe mai sauri na W18Cr4V mai tauri (gyara bayan karaya)
- Ma'auni na toshe zaren da ba daidai ba (hardened hardware)
- Juya taurin kayan aiki da fesa sassa
- Juya taurara hardware santsi filogi gauges
- Taps polishing wanda aka gyara tare da kayan aikin ƙarfe mai sauri
Don aiwatar da ingantaccen kayan aikin taurara da ƙalubale daban-dabanCNC machining sassaci karo da tsarin samarwa, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar kayan aikin da suka dace, yankan sigogi, kusurwoyin lissafi na kayan aiki, da hanyoyin aiki don cimma sakamako mai kyau na tattalin arziki. Misali, lokacin da fasfo mai murabba'i ya karye kuma yana buƙatar sabuntawa, tsarin gyare-gyare na iya yin tsayi da tsada. Madadin haka, za mu iya amfani da carbide YM052 da sauran kayan aikin yankan a tushen faɗuwar ɓarna na asali. Ta hanyar niƙa kan ruwa zuwa kusurwar rake mara kyau na -6° zuwa -8°, za mu iya haɓaka aikin sa. Za'a iya tsabtace gefen yankewa tare da dutse mai mai, ta amfani da saurin yankewa na 10 zuwa 15 m / min.
Bayan juya da'irar waje, za mu ci gaba da yanke ramin kuma a ƙarshe mu tsara zaren, diviTurninge tsari zuwa Juya da kyau juyi. Bayan juye juye, kayan aikin dole ne a sake kaifi da ƙasa kafin mu ci gaba da juyar da zaren waje mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a shirya wani sashi na zaren ciki na sandar haɗawa, kuma ya kamata a gyara kayan aiki bayan an haɗa haɗin. Daga ƙarshe, za a iya gyara ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho na fili ta hanyar juyawa, tare da samun nasarar maido da shi zuwa asalinsa.
(2) Zaɓin kayan aikin kayan aiki don juya sassa masu tauri
① Sabbin ruwan wukake na carbide kamar YM052, YM053, da YT05 gabaɗaya suna da saurin yankan ƙasa da 18m / min, kuma ƙarancin kayan aikin na iya isa Ra1.6 ~ 0.80μm.
② The cubic boron nitride Tool, model FD, yana da ikon sarrafa nau'ikan karafa daban-daban da fesa.juya aka gyaraa yankan gudun har zuwa 100 m/min, cimma wani surface roughness na Ra 0.80 zuwa 0.20 μm. Bugu da ƙari, kayan aikin cubic boron nitride, DCS-F, wanda Kamfanin Babban Injinan Babban Ma'aikatar Jiha da Guizhou Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory suka samar, yana nuna irin wannan aikin.
Koyaya, ingancin sarrafa waɗannan kayan aikin ya yi ƙasa da na siminti carbide. Yayin da ƙarfin kayan aikin boron nitride mai siffar sukari ya fi ƙasa da na siminti carbide, suna ba da ƙaramin zurfin haɗin gwiwa kuma sun fi tsada. Bugu da ƙari, shugaban kayan aiki zai iya zama sauƙin lalacewa idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba.
⑨ Kayan aikin yumbura, saurin yankan shine 40-60m / min, ƙarancin ƙarfi.
Kayan aikin da ke sama suna da halayen nasu a cikin juya sassan da aka kashe kuma ya kamata a zaba bisa ga ƙayyadaddun yanayi na juya kayan daban-daban da taurin daban-daban.
(3) Nau'in nau'ikan sassan ƙarfe da aka kashe na kayan daban-daban da zaɓin aikin kayan aiki
Ƙarfe da aka kashe na kayan daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don aikin kayan aiki a daidai wannan taurin, wanda za'a iya raba kusan kashi uku masu zuwa;
① High gami karfe yana nufin kayan aiki karfe da mutu karfe (yafi daban-daban high-gudun karafa) tare da jimlar alloying kashi abun ciki na fiye da 10%.
② Aloy karfe yana nufin karfe kayan aiki kuma ya mutu karfe tare da abun ciki na alloying na 2-9%, kamar 9SiCr, CrWMn, da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
③ Carbon karfe: ciki har da daban-daban carbon kayan aiki zanen gado na karfe da carburizing karafa kamar T8, T10, 15 karfe, ko 20 karfe carburizing karfe, da dai sauransu.
Don carbon karfe, da microstructure bayan quenching kunshi tempered martensite da karamin adadin carbide, haifar da taurin kewayon HV800-1000. Wannan ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da taurin tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC) a cikin siminti carbide, da A12D3 a cikin kayan aikin yumbu. Bugu da ƙari, zafi mai zafi na ƙarfe na carbon ya kasance ƙasa da na martensite ba tare da haɗa abubuwa ba, yawanci bai wuce 200 ° C ba.
Kamar yadda abun ciki na alloying abubuwa a cikin karfe karuwa, da carbide abun ciki a cikin microstructure bayan quenching da tempering kuma ya tashi, haifar da mafi hadaddun iri-iri na carbides. Misali, a cikin karfe mai sauri, abun cikin carbide zai iya kaiwa 10-15% (ta girma) bayan quenching da tempering, gami da nau'ikan kamar MC, M2C, M6, M3, da 2C. Daga cikin waɗannan, vanadium carbide (VC) yana da babban taurin da ya zarce na lokaci mai wuya a cikin kayan aikin gabaɗaya.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, kasancewar abubuwa masu haɗawa da yawa yana haɓaka ƙarfin zafi na martensite, yana barin shi ya kai kusan 600 ° C. Saboda haka, injin daɗaɗɗen karafa tare da macrohardness iri ɗaya na iya bambanta sosai. Kafin juya sassan ƙarfe masu tauri, yana da mahimmanci don gano nau'in su, fahimtar halayensu, kuma zaɓi kayan aikin da suka dace, yankan sigogi, da lissafi na kayan aiki don kammala aikin juyi yadda ya kamata.
Idan kana son ƙarin sani ko tambaya, da fatan za a ji daɗin tuntuɓarinfo@anebon.com.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-11-2024