Burrs wani lamari ne na gama gari a sarrafa karfe. Ko da madaidaicin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su, burrs za su kasance akan samfurin ƙarshe. Su ne wuce haddi na karfe remnants halitta a kan gefuna na sarrafa kayan saboda roba nakasawa, musamman a cikin kayan da mai kyau ductility ko taurin.
Babban nau'ikan burrs sun haɗa da walƙiya mai walƙiya, busa mai kaifi, da fantsama. Waɗannan ragowar ƙarfe masu fitowa ba su cika buƙatun ƙirar samfur ba. A halin yanzu, babu wata hanya mai mahimmanci don kawar da wannan batu gaba daya a cikin tsarin samarwa. Don haka, injiniyoyi dole ne su mai da hankali kan cire burrs a matakai na gaba don tabbatar da samfurin ya cika buƙatun ƙira. Akwai hanyoyi da kayan aiki daban-daban don cire burrs daga samfurori daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, hanyoyin cire burrs za a iya raba su zuwa rukuni huɗu:
1. M daraja (hard lamba)
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da yanke, niƙa, tattarawa, da gogewa.
2. Matsayi na yau da kullun (launi mai laushi)
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da niƙa bel, lapping, na roba, niƙa, da goge goge.
3. Matsakaicin madaidaici (madaidaicin lamba)
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da flushing, sarrafa sinadaran lantarki, niƙa na lantarki, da kuma birgima.
4. Matsakaicin madaidaici (daidaitaccen lamba)
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da hanyoyi daban-daban na ɓarna, kamar ɓarna magudanar ruwa, ɓarnawar maganadisu, ɓarnar wutar lantarki, ɓarnawar zafi, da radium mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarar ɓarnawar ultrasonic. Waɗannan hanyoyin za su iya cimma daidaiton sarrafa babban sashi.
Lokacin zabar hanyar ɓarna, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban, gami da kaddarorin kayan sassan sassan, tsarin tsarin su, girmansu, da daidaito, da kuma ba da kulawa ta musamman ga canje-canje a cikin rashin ƙarfi, juriya, nakasawa, da saura. damuwa.
Deburring Electrolytic hanya ce ta sinadarai da ake amfani da ita don cire burrs daga sassa na ƙarfe bayan injin, niƙa, ko tambari. Yana kuma iya zagaye ko chamfer gefuna masu kaifi na sassan. A Turanci, ana kiran wannan hanyar da ECD, wanda ke nufin Electrolytic Capacitive Discharge. A lokacin aiwatarwa, ana sanya kayan aikin cathode (yawanci an yi shi da tagulla) kusa da ɓangaren burred na aikin tare da rata yawanci 0.3-1 mm tsakanin su. Sashin gudanarwa na cathode na kayan aiki yana daidaitawa tare da gefen burr, kuma sauran saman an rufe su da rufin rufi don mayar da hankali ga aikin electrolytic akan burr.
Kayan aiki cathode an haɗa shi zuwa madaidaicin sandar wutar lantarki na DC, yayin da aikin aikin yana haɗa zuwa sandar madaidaiciya. A low-matsi electrolyte (yawanci sodium nitrate ko sodium chlorate ruwa bayani) tare da matsa lamba na 0.1-0.3MPa gudana tsakanin workpiece da cathode. Lokacin da aka kunna wutar lantarki ta DC, ana cire burrs ta hanyar rurruwar anode kuma wutar lantarki ta ɗauke ta.
Bayan deburring, da workpiece ya kamata a tsabtace da kuma tsatsa-proofed saboda electrolyte ne m zuwa wani iyaka. Electrolytic deburring ya dace don cire burrs daga ɓoyayyun ramukan giciye ko sassa masu siffa kuma an san shi da ingantaccen samarwa, yawanci yana ɗaukar ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan zuwa dubun na sakan don kammala aikin. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar da yawa don ɓata kayan aiki, splines, igiyoyi masu haɗawa, jikin bawul, buɗaɗɗen shingen mai, da zagaye sasanninta masu kaifi. Duk da haka, koma baya na wannan hanya shine cewa yankin da ke kusa da burr yana da tasiri ta hanyar electrolysis, yana sa saman ya rasa ainihin sheki kuma yana iya rinjayar daidaiton girman.
Baya ga deburing electrolytic, akwai wasu hanyoyi na musamman da yawa:
1. Ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don lalata
Fasahar sarrafa kwararar ruwa wata sabuwar hanya ce don kyakkyawan ƙarewa da ɓarna da aka haɓaka a ƙasashen waje a ƙarshen 1970s. Yana da tasiri musamman don cire burrs a cikin matakai na ƙarshe na samarwa. Duk da haka, bai dace da sarrafa ƙananan ramuka, dogayen ramuka, ko ƙirar ƙarfe waɗanda ke da rufaffiyar gindi ba.
2. Magnetic nika don deburr
Magnetic niƙa don deburring ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, Bulgaria, da sauran ƙasashen Gabashin Turai a cikin 1960s. A tsakiyar 1980s, Niche ne ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan tsarinsa da aikace-aikacensa.
A lokacin niƙa na Magnetic, ana sanya aikin aikin a cikin filin maganadisu da aka kafa ta sandunan maganadisu biyu. Ana sanya abrasive na Magnetic a cikin tazara tsakanin kayan aiki da sandar maganadisu, kuma an shirya abrasive da kyau tare da jagorar layin filin magnetic ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin filin magnetic don samar da buroshi mai laushi da tsauri. Lokacin da workpiece ya juya shaft a cikin Magnetic filin don axial vibration, da workpiece da abrasive abu motsa in mun gwada da, da abrasive goga nika saman workpiece.
Hanyar niƙa na Magnetic na iya inganci da sauri da niƙa da ɓarna sassa, kuma ya dace da sassan kayan daban-daban, masu girma dabam, da sassa daban-daban. Hanya ce ta ƙarewa tare da ƙananan zuba jari, babban inganci, amfani mai yawa, da inganci mai kyau.
A halin yanzu, masana'antu sun sami damar yin niƙa da lalata abubuwan ciki da na waje na rotator, sassa masu lebur, hakoran gear, ma'auni mai rikitarwa, da dai sauransu, cire ma'aunin oxide akan sandar waya, da tsaftace allon da aka buga.
3. Thermal deburring
Thermal deburring (TED) wani tsari ne da ke amfani da hydrogen, oxygen, ko cakuda iskar gas da iskar oxygen don ƙone burrs a yanayin zafi. Hanyar ta hada da shigar da iskar oxygen da iskar gas ko iskar oxygen kadai a cikin rufaffiyar kwantena da kunna shi ta hanyar tartsatsin wuta, wanda hakan ya sa cakudar ta fashe da sakin babban adadin kuzarin zafi wanda ke cire burrs. Duk da haka, bayan da workpiece da aka ƙone da fashewa, da oxidized foda zai manne da surface naFarashin CNCkuma dole ne a tsaftace ko tsinke.
4. Miradium iko ultrasonic deburring
Milarum mai ƙarfi fasaha mai lalata ultrasonic ta zama sanannen hanya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yana alfahari da ingantaccen tsaftacewa wanda shine sau 10 zuwa 20 mafi girma fiye da na masu tsabtace ultrasonic na yau da kullun. An tsara tanki tare da ko'ina da rarrabawa da yawa, yana ba da damar aiwatar da tsarin ultrasonic a cikin minti 5 zuwa 15 ba tare da buƙatar tsaftacewa ba.
Anan akwai hanyoyi guda goma na yau da kullun don lalata:
1) Deburing da hannu
Ana amfani da wannan hanyar ta manyan masana'antu, yin amfani da fayiloli, takarda yashi, da kawuna a matsayin kayan aikin taimako. Fayiloli na hannu da kayan aikin pneumatic suna samuwa.
Kudin aiki yana da yawa, kuma ana iya inganta ingantaccen aiki, musamman lokacin cire hadaddun ramukan giciye. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na fasaha don ma'aikata ba su da wuyar gaske, suna sa ya dace da samfurori tare da ƙananan burrs da sassa masu sauƙi.
2) Mutuwa
Ana amfani da mutuƙar samarwa don yin ɓarna tare da latsa naushi. Yana haifar da takamaiman kuɗin samarwa ga wanda ya mutu (gami da mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar tambari) kuma yana iya buƙatar ƙirƙirar mutun mai siffa. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi dacewa da samfuran da ba su da rikitarwa, kuma yana ba da ingantacciyar inganci da tasirin lalacewa idan aka kwatanta da aikin hannu.
3) Nika don deburr
Irin wannan ɓarna ya haɗa da hanyoyin kamar girgizar ƙasa da ganguna masu fashewa, kuma ana amfani da shi ta hanyar kasuwanci. Koyaya, maiyuwa bazai cire duk wani lahani gaba ɗaya ba, yana buƙatar gamawa da hannu ko amfani da wasu hanyoyin don cimma sakamako mai tsabta. Wannan hanya ta fi dacewa da ƙanananjuya aka gyarasamar da yawa.
4) Daskare ɓata lokaci
Ana amfani da sanyaya don saurin ɓarna burrs, sa'an nan kuma ana fitar da majigi don cire burrs. Kayan aikin yana kimanin dala dubu biyu zuwa ɗari uku kuma ya dace da samfurori tare da ƙananan kauri na bango da ƙananan ƙananan.
5) Kashe fashewa mai zafi
Deburring makamashi na thermal, wanda kuma aka sani da fashewar fashewa, ya ƙunshi tura iskar gas ɗin da aka matsa zuwa cikin tanderun da kuma haifar da fashewa, tare da sakamakon da ake amfani da shi don narke da cire burrs.
Wannan hanyar tana da tsada, fasaha mai rikitarwa, kuma ba ta da inganci kuma tana iya haifar da lahani kamar tsatsa da nakasawa. Ana amfani da shi da farko wajen samar da ingantattun sassa, musamman a masana'antu kamar motoci da sararin samaniya.
6) Zane-zanen na'ura
Kayan aiki yana da farashi mai kyau (dubun dubbai) kuma ya dace da samfurori tare da tsari mai sauƙi na sararin samaniya da matsayi mai sauƙi da na yau da kullum.
7) Yin lalata da sinadarai
Dangane da ka'idar amsawar electrochemical, ana aiwatar da aikin deburring ta atomatik kuma zaɓaɓɓu akan sassan ƙarfe.
Wannan tsari yana da kyau don cire burrs na ciki waɗanda ke da wuya a kawar da su, da ƙananan burrs (kasa da wayoyi bakwai a cikin kauri) daga samfurori irin su famfo da jikin bawul.
8) Matsalolin Electrolytic
Electrolytic machining wata hanya ce da ke amfani da electrolysis don cire burrs daga sassan karfe. Electrolyte da ake amfani da shi a cikin wannan tsari yana da lalacewa, kuma yana haifar da electrolysis a kusa da burr, wanda zai iya haifar da asarar asalin ɓangaren ɓangaren kuma har ma ya shafi daidaiton girmansa.
Deburing Electrolytic ya dace sosai don cire burrs a ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ramukan giciye ko a cikisassa na simintin gyaran kafatare da hadaddun siffofi. Yana ba da ingantaccen samarwa, tare da lokutan ɓarna gabaɗaya daga ƴan daƙiƙa zuwa dubun daƙiƙa. Wannan hanyar ta dace da ɓangarorin kayan aiki, sanduna masu haɗawa, jikunan bawul, madaidaicin madaurin mai, da zagaye sasanninta masu kaifi.
9) Babban matsa lamba ruwa jet deburring
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin matsakaici, ana amfani da ƙarfinsa nan da nan don kawar da fashewa da walƙiya bayan sarrafawa. Wannan hanya kuma tana taimakawa wajen cimma burin tsaftacewa.
Kayan aiki yana da tsada kuma ana amfani da shi da farko a cikin masana'antar kera motoci da tsarin sarrafa injin injinan gini.
10) Ultrasonic deburring
Ultrasonic tãguwar ruwa haifar da nan take high matsa lamba don kawar da burrs. An fi amfani dashi don burrs na microscopic; idan suna buƙatar dubawa tare da na'urar gani, ana iya amfani da duban dan tayi don cirewa.
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