Akwai nau'o'in iri da ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin injin CNC, kuma hanyoyin rarraba su ma sun bambanta. Gabaɗaya, ana iya rarraba su bisa ga ƙa'idodi huɗu masu zuwa bisa aiki da tsari.
1. Rarraba ta hanyar sarrafa motsin kayan aikin injin
⑴ CNC mai sarrafa ma'auni mai sarrafa ma'auni yana buƙatar daidaitaccen matsayi na sassa masu motsi na kayan aiki daga aya zuwa wani. Abubuwan buƙatun don yanayin motsi tsakanin maki ba su da ƙarfi. Ba a yin aiki a lokacin motsi, kuma motsi tsakanin gatura masu daidaitawa ba shi da alaƙa. Don cimma matsaya mai sauri da daidaito, motsin ƙaura tsakanin maki biyu gabaɗaya yana motsawa da sauri da farko sannan kuma ya kusanci wurin sakawa a hankali don tabbatar da daidaiton matsayi. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, yanayin motsi ne na sarrafa batu.
Kayan aikin injin tare da ayyukan sarrafa ma'ana galibi sun haɗa da injunan hakowa na CNC, injin milling na CNC, injin ƙwanƙwasa CNC, da sauransu.
⑵ Kayan aikin injin CNC na linzamin linzamin kwamfuta ana kiransa kayan aikin injin CNC na layi ɗaya. Siffofin su shine, ban da daidaitaccen matsayi tsakanin wuraren sarrafawa, suna kuma sarrafa saurin motsi da hanya (hanyoyi) tsakanin maki biyu masu alaƙa. Koyaya, hanyar motsin su tana layi ɗaya ne kawai da axis ɗin daidaita kayan aikin injin; wato, axis guda ɗaya ne kawai ake sarrafawa a lokaci guda (wato, babu buƙatar aikin lissafin interpolation a cikin tsarin CNC). Yayin aiwatar da ƙaura, kayan aikin na iya yankewa a ƙayyadadden saurin ciyarwa kuma gabaɗaya yana iya aiwatar da sassa masu siffar rectangular da mataki-mataki kawai. Kayan aikin injin tare da ayyukan sarrafa linzamin kwamfuta sun haɗa da ingantattun lathes CNC mai sauƙi, injin milling na CNC, injin injin CNC, da sauransu. Hakazalika, kayan aikin injin CNC da aka yi amfani da su don sarrafa linzamin kwamfuta ba safai ba ne.
⑶ Kayan aikin injin CNC na kwane-kwane
Kayan aikin injin kwane-kwane kuma ana kiran su da kayan aikin injin CNC mai ci gaba. Halayen sarrafa su shine cewa za su iya sarrafa ƙaura da saurin mahaɗar motsi biyu ko fiye. Don saduwa da buƙatun cewa yanayin motsi na dangi na kayan aiki tare da kwandon kayan aiki ya sadu da kwandon sarrafa kayan aiki, sarrafa matsuguni da sarrafa saurin kowane motsi na daidaitawa dole ne a daidaita shi daidai gwargwadon alaƙar da aka tsara. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan nau'in sarrafawa, ana buƙatar na'urar CNC don samun aikin haɗin gwiwa. Abin da ake kira interpolation shine don kwatanta siffar madaidaiciyar layi ko baka ta hanyar sarrafa lissafi na ma'aikacin interpolation a cikin tsarin CNC bisa ga ainihin bayanan shigar da shirin (kamar madaidaicin madaidaicin layi, ƙarshen ƙarshen. daidaitawa na baka da cibiyar daidaitawa ko radius). Wato yayin da ake ƙididdigewa, ana rarraba bugun jini ga kowane mai sarrafa axis mai daidaitawa bisa ga sakamakon lissafin don sarrafa mahaɗin mahaɗa na kowace axis ɗin daidaitawa don dacewa da kwandon da ake buƙata. A lokacin motsi, kayan aiki yana ci gaba da yanke saman kayan aikin, kuma ana iya sarrafa layukan madaidaiciya daban-daban, arcs, da masu lanƙwasa. Yanayin sarrafa mashin ɗin kwane-kwane. Irin wannan kayan aikin injin ya ƙunshiFarashin CNC, CNC milling inji, CNC waya yankan inji, machining cibiyoyin, da dai sauransu, da kuma m CNC na'urar da ake kira kwane-kwane kula. Dangane da adadin daban-daban na haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwar da yake sarrafawa, ana iya raba tsarin CNC zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
① Haɗin axis guda biyu: galibi ana amfani dashi don lathes CNC don aiwatar da filaye masu juyawa koFarashin CNCinji don sarrafa lankwasa cylinders.
② Ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwa na axis biyu: galibi ana amfani da su don sarrafa kayan aikin injin tare da gatari fiye da uku, waɗanda za a iya haɗa gatari biyu, kuma ana iya ciyar da sauran axis lokaci-lokaci.
③ Haɗin axis guda uku: Gabaɗaya ya kasu kashi biyu, ɗayan shine haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin kai tsaye guda uku X/Y/Z, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a injin milling na CNC, cibiyoyin machining, da sauransu. ɗayan kuma ban da lokaci guda. sarrafa madaidaitan daidaitawa guda biyu a cikin X/Y/Z, shima lokaci guda yana sarrafa madaidaicin juzu'i mai jujjuyawa a kusa da ɗayan daidaitawar layin. gatari. Misali, a cikin cibiyar jujjuyawar mashin, ban da haɗin gwiwar gatura mai daidaitawa na madaidaiciya (Z-axis) da kuma madaidaiciya (X-axis) madaidaiciyar gatura, kuma yana buƙatar sarrafa haɗin gwiwar igiya (C-axis) a lokaci guda. kewaye da Z-axis.
④ Haɗin axis guda huɗu: A lokaci guda sarrafa haɗin haɗin kai tsaye guda uku masu daidaitawa X/Y/Z da axis daidaitawa mai juyawa.
⑤ Haɗin axis-biyar: Baya ga sarrafa haɗin kai guda ɗaya na gatura masu daidaitawa guda uku X/Y/Z. Har ila yau, a lokaci guda yana sarrafa guda biyu daga cikin gatura masu daidaitawa, A, B, da C, waɗanda ke juyawa a kusa da waɗannan gatura masu daidaitawa, suna samar da ikon haɗin gwiwar axis biyar lokaci guda. A wannan lokacin, ana iya saita kayan aiki a kowace hanya a sararin samaniya. Alal misali, ana sarrafa kayan aiki don kewaya a kusa da x-axis da y-axis a lokaci guda don kayan aiki koyaushe yana kula da al'ada ta al'ada tare da aikin kwane-kwane da ake sarrafa shi a wurin yanke shi don tabbatar da santsi na saman da aka sarrafa yana inganta daidaiton sarrafa shi da ingancin sarrafa shi kuma yana rage ƙancewar saman da aka sarrafa.
2. Rarraba ta hanyar sarrafa servo
⑴ Kayan abinci na servo na kayan aikin injin CNC mai buɗewa yana buɗewa; wato babu na'urar tantancewa. Gabaɗaya, injin tuƙin sa shine injin stepper. Babban fasalin motar stepper shine cewa motar tana jujjuya matakin mataki a duk lokacin da na'urar sarrafawa ta canza siginar bugun jini, kuma ita kanta motar tana da ikon kulle kanta. Fitowar siginar siginar ciyarwa ta tsarin CNC yana sarrafa da'irar tuƙi ta hanyar mai rarraba bugun jini. Yana sarrafa ƙaura mai daidaitawa ta hanyar canza adadin bugun jini, sarrafa saurin ƙaura ta hanyar canza mitar bugun jini, kuma yana sarrafa jagorar ƙaura ta hanyar canza tsarin rarrabawa. Sabili da haka, manyan siffofi na wannan hanyar sarrafawa sune kulawa mai dacewa, tsari mai sauƙi, da ƙananan farashi. Siginar siginar umarni da tsarin CNC ke bayarwa bai kai tsaye ba, don haka babu matsalar kwanciyar hankali ga tsarin sarrafawa. Koyaya, saboda kuskuren watsawar injin ba a gyara ta hanyar amsawa ba, daidaiton ƙaura ba shi da yawa. Kayan aikin injin CNC na farko duk sun karɓi wannan hanyar sarrafawa, amma ƙimar gazawar ta yi girma. A halin yanzu, saboda ingantacciyar hanyar da'ira, har yanzu ana amfani da ita sosai. Musamman a cikin ƙasata, tsarin CNC na tattalin arziƙi na gabaɗaya da kuma canjin CNC na tsoffin kayan aiki galibi suna ɗaukar wannan hanyar sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya daidaita wannan hanyar sarrafawa tare da microcomputer guda ɗaya ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka a matsayin na'urar CNC, wanda ke rage farashin tsarin gaba ɗaya.
⑵ Rufe-madauki na'ura mai sarrafa kayan aikin injin ciyarwar servo na irin wannan nau'in kayan aikin CNC yana aiki a cikin yanayin sarrafa martani mai rufaffiyar. Motar tuƙinsa na iya amfani da injin DC ko AC servo kuma yana buƙatar daidaita shi tare da amsa matsayi da saurin amsawa. Ana gano ainihin ƙaura na sassa masu motsi a kowane lokaci yayin aiki, kuma an mayar da shi zuwa mai kwatantawa a cikin tsarin CNC a cikin lokaci. An kwatanta shi da siginar umarni da aka samu ta hanyar aikin interpolation, kuma ana amfani da bambanci azaman siginar sarrafawa na servo drive, wanda ke tafiyar da ɓangaren ƙaura don kawar da kuskuren ƙaura. Dangane da wurin shigarwa na ɓangaren gano ra'ayi na matsayi da na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita, an raba shi zuwa yanayin sarrafawa guda biyu: madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madauki.
① Cikakken sarrafa madauki kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi, na'urar amsa matsayinsa tana amfani da sigar gano matsuguni na madaidaiciya (a halin yanzu gabaɗaya mai mulkin grating) wanda aka sanya akan sirdi na kayan aikin injin, wato, gano madaidaiciyar ƙaura na kayan aikin injin. daidaitawa. Kuskuren watsawa a cikin dukkan sarkar watsawa na inji daga motar zuwa sirdin kayan aikin injin za a iya kawar da su ta hanyar amsawa, ta yadda za a sami daidaiton matsayi mai tsayi na kayan aikin injin. Koyaya, tunda halayen gogayya, tsauri, da share yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa na inji a cikin madaidaicin madaidaicin iko ba su da tushe, lokacin mayar da martani mai ƙarfi na duk sarkar watsa injin yana da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da lokacin amsa lantarki. Wannan yana kawo wahalhalu mai yawa ga kwanciyar hankali na duk tsarin rufaffiyar madauki, kuma ƙira da daidaita tsarin kuma suna da rikitarwa. Don haka, wannan cikakkiyar hanyar sarrafa madauki an fi amfani da ita don injunan daidaitawa na CNC daCNC daidaicigrinders tare da high ainihin bukatun.
② Semi-rufe-madauki iko Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi, bayanin matsayinsa yana amfani da nau'in gano kusurwa (a halin yanzu galibi masu ɓoyewa, da sauransu), wanda aka shigar kai tsaye akan injin servo ko ƙarshen screw gubar. Tunda yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa na inji ba a haɗa su a cikin rufaffiyar madauki na tsarin ba, ana kiran shi don samun ingantaccen yanayin sarrafawa. Ba za a iya gyara kurakuran watsa injina kamar sukukulan gubar a kowane lokaci ta hanyar ba da amsa, amma ana iya amfani da hanyoyin biyan diyya na software akai-akai don inganta daidaiton su yadda ya kamata. A halin yanzu, yawancin kayan aikin na'ura na CNC suna amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa madauki na kusa
⑶ Hybrid control CNC inji kayan aikin selectively mayar da hankali halaye na sama iko hanyoyin da samar da matasan kula makirci. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tun da hanyar sarrafa madauki na budewa yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, ƙananan farashi, rashin daidaituwa mara kyau, kuma cikakken kwanciyar hankali na rufewa ba shi da kyau, don ramawa juna da kuma biyan bukatun kulawa na wasu kayan aikin inji, matasan. ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyar sarrafawa. Hanyoyi guda biyu da aka fi amfani da su sune nau'in diyya mai buɗewa da nau'in ramuwa mai rufaffiyar madauki
3. Rarraba ta matakin aiki na tsarin CNC
Bisa ga matakin aiki na tsarin CNC, tsarin CNC yawanci ya kasu kashi uku: ƙananan, matsakaici, da babba. An fi amfani da wannan hanyar rarrabawa a ƙasata. Iyakoki na matakai uku na ƙananan, matsakaici, da babba suna da dangi, kuma ka'idodin rarrabuwa za su bambanta a lokuta daban-daban. Yin la'akari da matakin ci gaba na yanzu, nau'ikan tsarin CNC daban-daban za a iya raba su zuwa nau'i uku: ƙananan, matsakaici, da babba, bisa ga wasu ayyuka da alamomi. Daga cikin su, matsakaici da matsakaici ana kiran su CNC cikakken aiki ko daidaitaccen CNC.
⑴ Ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana nufin kayan aikin injin CNC waɗanda ke amfani da matakai daban-daban kamar juyawa, niƙa, tasiri, reaming, hakowa, niƙa, da kuma tsarawa. Ana iya raba shi zuwa kashi biyu masu zuwa.
① Kayan aikin injin CNC na yau da kullun, irin su CNC lathes, injin milling na CNC, injin injin CNC, da sauransu.
② Babban fasalin cibiyar injiniya shine ɗakin karatu na kayan aiki tare da tsarin canza kayan aiki ta atomatik; da workpiece ne clamped sau ɗaya. Bayan clamping, daban-daban kayan aikin ana maye gurbinsu ta atomatik, da kuma daban-daban matakai kamar milling (juyawa), reaming, hakowa, da kuma tapping ana ci gaba da yi a kan wannan inji kayan aiki a kan kowane aiki surface na workpiece, kamar (ginin / milling) machining cibiyoyin. , wuraren juyawa, wuraren hakowa, da dai sauransu.
⑵ Ƙarfe yana nufin kayan aikin injin CNC waɗanda ke amfani da tsari kamar extrusion, naushi, latsawa, da zane. Wadanda aka fi amfani da su sun hada da injinan CNC, injinan lankwasawa na CNC, injinan lankwasa bututun CNC, injinan kadi na CNC, da sauransu.
⑶ Musamman aiki yafi hada CNC waya EDM, CNC EDM kafa inji, CNC harshen yankan inji, CNC Laser sarrafa inji, da dai sauransu.
⑷ Aunawa da samfuran zane galibi sun haɗa da injunan aunawa guda uku, injin saitin kayan aikin CNC, masu makirci na CNC, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-05-2024