No ke aha e lino ai ke kila kuhiliʻole? ʻO ka hope ua ʻike ʻia!

No ke aha e lino ai ke kila kuhiliʻole?

Ke ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻili o nā paipu kila kila, kahaha ka poʻe: "ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele ke kila kila, a inā ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole ia he kila kila, a pilikia paha ke kila." ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he manaʻo kuhihewa kēia e pili ana i kaʻikeʻole o ke kila kila. ʻO ke kila kila ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.

Hiki i ke kila kila ke pale aku i ka oxidation o ka lewa—ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpala, a hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke corrode i loko o ka media i loaʻa i nā waikawa, alkalis, a me nā paʻakai-ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka nui o kona hiki anti-corrosion me ke ʻano kemika o kāna kila ponoʻī, ke kūlana o ka hoʻohui like ʻana, nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka media kaiapuni. No ka laʻana, 304 kila paipu i loa maikaʻi loa anti-corrosion hiki i loko o ka maloʻo a me ka maʻemaʻe lewa, akā, ina e hoʻoneʻe 'ia i ka moana wahi, e rust koke i loko o ke kai ohu i loko o ka nui o ka paʻakai; a 316 paipu kila hōʻike maikaʻi.

No laila, ʻaʻole ia ke ʻano o ke kila kila e hiki ke pale aku i ka corrosion a me ka ʻōpala i nā wahi āpau.ʻāpana alumini

Nui nā ʻano pōʻino o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā e like me kēia:
Ke hilinaʻi nei ke kila kila ma luna o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium-rich oxide (kiʻi pale) i hana ʻia ma luna o kona ʻili e pale i ka infiltration mau a me ka oxidation o nā ʻātoma oxygen e loaʻa ai ka hiki ke pale aku i ka pala. Ke hoʻopōʻino mau ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni no kekahi kumu, e hoʻomau ʻia ke komo ʻana o nā ʻātoma oxygen i ka lewa a i ʻole ka wai a i ʻole e hoʻomau ka kaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻātoma hao i loko o ka metala, e hana ana i ka hao oxide, a e hoʻopau mau ʻia ka ʻili metala. Nui nā ʻano pōʻino o kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ʻo ia kēia:
1. Ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kila kila, aia nā waiho o ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana metala heterogeneous i loaʻa nā mea metala ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa, hoʻopili ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o nā waihona a me ke kila kuhiliʻole i nā mea ʻelua i kahi micro-battery, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hopena electrochemical. , ua pōʻino ke kiʻi pale, i kapa ʻia ʻo electrochemical corrosion.ʻāpana heʻi
2. ʻO nā waiʻawaʻawa (e like me nā mea kanu, noodle soup, sputum, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) pili i kaʻili o ke kila kila. Ma ke alo o ka wai a me ka oxygen, hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻakika organik, a ʻo nā waikawa organik e hōʻino i ka ʻili metala no ka manawa lōʻihi.
3. Pili ka ʻili o ke kila kila i nā mea i loaʻa i nā ʻakika, nā alkalis a me nā paʻakai (e like me ka wai alkali a me ka wai lime e pāpaʻi ana mai nā paia hoʻonani), e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻino kūloko.
4. I loko o ka ea haumia (e like me ka lewa i loaʻa ka nui o ka sulfide, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide), i ka wā e hālāwai ai me ka wai condensed, e hana ia i ka sulfuric acid, nitric acid, a me ka acetic acid wai mau wahi, e hoʻoneʻe ai i ke kino.
No ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana i kahi ʻili metala ʻālohilohi mau me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpala, paipai mākou:
Hiki i nā kūlana i luna ke hoʻopōʻino i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale ma ka ʻili kila kuhiliʻole a me ka ʻōpala. No laila, no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka mālamalama mau o ka ʻili metala a ʻaʻole i ʻōpala, ʻōlelo mākou:
1. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a holoi pinepine ʻia ka ʻili o ke kila kila kila no ka wehe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili a hoʻopau i nā kumu waho e hoʻololi ai.
2. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila 316 ma nā wahi kai, hiki ke pale aku i ka ʻinoʻino o ke kai.
3. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hui kemika o kekahi mau paipu kila kila ma ka mākeke ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana aupuni kūpono a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi waiwai 304. No laila, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻōpala, kahi e koi ai i nā mea hoʻohana e koho pono i nā huahana mai nā mea hana kaulana.

ʻO ke kila kuhili ʻole hoʻi?

Manaʻo pinepine ka poʻe e huki ana nā magnets i ke kila kila e hōʻoia i kona pono a me kona ʻoiaʻiʻo. Inā ʻaʻole ia e huki i ka non-magnetism, ua manaʻo ʻia he maikaʻi, a he ʻoiaʻiʻo; ina he magnetic, ua manaoia he hoopunipuni. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi kēia, ʻaʻole maoli a hewa ʻole.
Nui nā ʻano ʻano kila kila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana he nui e like me ke ʻano o ka lumi lumi:
1. ʻAno Austenitic: e like me 201, 202, 301, 304, 316, etc.;
2. Martensite a ferrite ʻano: e like me 430, 420, 410, etc.;

ʻO ke ʻano austenitic ʻaʻole magnetic a nāwaliwali paha, a ʻo ka martensite a i ʻole ferrite he magnetic.ʻāpana huli
ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kila kila i hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā ʻāpana paipu hoʻonaninani he austenitic 304 mea, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole magnetic a nāwaliwali paha, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia he magnetic ma muli o ka fluctuations o ka haku mele a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana hana like ʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia. me he

ʻO ka hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole ka substandard, he aha ke kumu o kēia?

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo ka austenite ʻaʻole magnetic a nāwaliwali paha, ʻoiai ʻo martensite a i ʻole ferrite ka magnetic. Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ka mālama wela kūpono ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, e hana ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka martensite a i ʻole ferrite i ka austenitic 304 stainless steel. kino kino. Ma kēia ʻano, e loaʻa i ka 304 stainless steel ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka hana anuanu o 304 stainless steel, e hoʻololi ʻia ka hale i martensite. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka deformation hana anuanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi martensite, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai magnetic o ke kila. E like me ka pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana kila, hana ʻia nā paipu Φ76 me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka induction magnetic, a hana ʻia nā paipu Φ9.5. ʻOi aku ka maopopo o ka induction magnetic ma muli o ka deformation nui o ke kuʻi ʻana a me ke kuʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka paipu rectangular square ma mua o ka paipu poepoe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana kihi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka deformation a ʻike ʻia ka ikaika magnetic.

I mea e hoʻopau loa ai i nā waiwai magnetic o ke kila 304 i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu i luna aʻe, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka austenite paʻa e ka mālama ʻana i ka wela wela, a laila e hoʻopau i nā waiwai magnetic.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻokoʻa loa ka magnetism o 304 stainless steel i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu i luna aʻe mai ka magnetism o nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me 430 a me ke kila kalapona, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hōʻike mau nei ka magnetism o 304 steel i ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

Hōʻike kēia iā mākou inā he palupalu a i ʻole ka mākēneki ʻole o ke kaula kila kila, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he 304 a i ʻole 316 mea; ina ua like ia me ke kalapona kila, e hoike ana ia i ka magnetism ikaika, no ka mea, ua hookolokolo ia me he mea ole 304 mea.