ʻO ka pae hana o nā bolts i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kila he 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9 a pēlā aku. Hana ʻia nā bolts o ka papa 8.8 a i luna me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kila kalapona maʻamau a mālama ʻia i ka wela (quenched, tempered), i kapa ʻia ʻo nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe a ʻo ke koena i kapa ʻia nā bolts maʻamau.ʻO ke kaula pololei kiʻekiʻe ke kī o ka hana ʻanakiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe CNC machining māhele.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lepili papa hana bolt i ʻelua ʻāpana, e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai o ka ikaika tensile nominal a me ka ratio buckling o ka mea bolt. E like me:
No nā bolts o ka papa hana 4.6, ʻo ia ke ʻano:
ʻO ka ikaika tensile nominal o nā mea bolt a hiki i 400MPa;
ʻO ka lakio ikaika o nā mea bolt he 0.6;
ʻO ka ikaika hāʻawi inoa o nā mea bolt he 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa.
ʻO ka papa hana 10.9 kiʻekiʻe ikaika bolt, kāna mea ma hope o ka mālama wela, hiki ke hiki i:
ʻO ka ikaika tensile nominal o ka mea bolt hiki i 1000MPa;
ʻO ka lākiō ikaika o ka mea bolt he 0.9;
ʻO ka ikaika hāʻawi inoa o nā mea bolt he 1000 × 0.9 = 900MPa.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka papa hana bolt he kūlana honua. ʻO nā pahu o ka papa hana hoʻokahi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kā lākou mau mea a me ke kumu, loaʻa ka hana like, a hiki ke koho ʻia ka papa hana i ka hoʻolālā.
ʻO nā māka ikaika 8.8 a me 10.9 e pili ana i nā māka kūʻē koʻikoʻi o nā bolts 8.8GPa a me 10.9GPa.
8.8 Nominal tensile ikaika 800N/MM2 nominal yield ikaika 640N/MM2
ʻO ka maʻamau, "x. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Y” e hōʻike i ka ikaika o ka bolt, X*100= ka ikaika tensile o ka bolt, X*100* (Y/10) = ka ikaika hāʻawi o ka bolt (no ka mea e like me ka lepili: yield strength/tensile ikaika =Y/10)
E like me 4.8, ʻo ka ikaika tensile o ka bolt: 400MPa; ʻO ka ikaika o ka hua he 400 * 8/10 = 320MPa.
Eia kekahi: ʻo nā bolts stainless steel e hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e like me A4-70, A2-70, ke ʻano o kahi wehewehe ʻē aʻe.
E ana i ka
ʻElua ʻano nui o ka ana ʻana o ka lōʻihi ma ka honua i kēia lā, hoʻokahi no ka ʻōnaehana metric, ʻo ka ʻāpana ana he mika (m), kenimika (cm), millimeters (mm), etc. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o Asia, ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ʻo ka ʻāpana ana ka mea nui no nā iniha (inihi), e like me ke kūlanakauhale kahiko "i ko mākou ʻāina, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Pelekane a me nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.
Ana ana: (kumu 10) 1m =100 knm=1000 mm
Pūnaehana Imperial: (kumu 8) 1 ʻīniha = 8 mau minuke 1 ʻīniha = 25.4 mm 3/8 x 25.4 = 9.52
Hoʻohana nā huahana ma lalo o 1/4 i ka helu koho e hōʻike i ko lākou nui helu wahi, e like me: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#
ʻO ke kaula wili
ʻO ka milo ke ʻano me nā laina ʻāwiliwili like ʻole ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻili waho a i loko paha o kahi paʻa. E like me kona mau hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
Loko maʻamau: ʻano niho triangular, hoʻohana ʻia e hui a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lola maʻamau i ʻelua ʻano o ka milo koʻikoʻi a me ka milo maikaʻi e like me ka pitch, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pili ʻana i ke kaula maikaʻi.
ʻO ke kaula hoʻouna: trapezoid kiʻi niho, rectangle, ʻike a me ka triangle, etc.
Loko sila: Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili sila ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka milo paipu, ka milo liʻiliʻi a me ka milo paipu lipi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ma muli o ke ʻano:
pae kūpono o ka milo
ʻO nā kaula kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe kekahi ʻāpana o ka hana ʻanakiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe CNC Machining māhele.
ʻO ke kūpono ka nui o ka lohi a paʻa paha ma waena o nā kaula wili, a ʻo ka pae kūpono ka hui pū ʻana o nā deviations a me nā ʻae ʻana e hana ana i nā kaula o loko a me waho.
1. No ka milo iniha like ole, aia ekolu mau helu no ka milo waho: 1A, 2A a me 3A, a ekolu mau helu no ka milo o loko: 1B, 2B a me 3B, ua kupono ia mau mea a pau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu kūlana, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke kūpono. I ka ʻīniha THREADS, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka ʻae ʻana no nā papa 1A a me 2A wale nō, ʻo ka ʻeʻe ʻana no ka papa 3A ʻaʻole ia, a ua like ka ʻae ʻana o ka papa no ka papa 1A a me 2A. ʻO ka nui o nā māka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomanawanui.
ʻO ka papa 1A a me 1B, nā māka hoʻomanawanui loa, kūpono no ka hoʻomanawanui kūpono o nā kaula o loko a me waho.
ʻO nā papa 2A a me 2B nā papa hana hoʻomanawanui maʻamau i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka moʻo Pelekane o nā mea hoʻopili mechanical.
ʻO ka papa 3A a me 3B, wili e hana i ka mea paʻa loa, kūpono i nā mea hoʻopaʻa me nā ʻae paʻa, no ka hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi palekana.
No nā milo waho, ʻo CLASS 1A a me 2A ke ʻae kūpono, ʻaʻole CLASS 3A. ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui papa 1A he 50% ka nui ma mua o ka papa 2A, 75% ka nui ma mua o ka papa 3A, no nā loina o loko, ʻo ka papa 2B he 30% ka nui ma mua o ka 2A. ʻO ka papa 1B he 50% ka nui ma mua o ka papa 2B a he 75% ka nui ma mua o ka papa 3B.
2. Metric thread, ʻekolu mau helu pae o ka milo waho: 4h, 6h a me 6g, ʻekolu mau pae milo i loko: 5H, 6H, 7H. (ʻO I, II, III, III, a maʻamau ʻo II nā māka pololei o ka milo i kēlā me kēia lā.) Ma ka lola metric, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa kumu o H a me h he zero. He maikaʻi ka haʻalele kumu o G, a ʻo ka haʻalele kumu o E, F a me G he ʻino.
ʻO H ke kūlana hoʻomanawanui maʻamau o ke kaula i loko, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he uhi ʻili, a i ʻole me kahi papa phosphating lahilahi. Hoʻokaʻawale kumu G kūlana no nā hanana kūikawā, e like me ka uhi ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo g i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i 6-9um ka uhi lahilahi, inā ʻo nā koi kiʻi huahana he 6h bolts, ʻo ke kaula wili ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hoʻohana i ka band tolerance 6g.
ʻO ka hui maikaʻi loa o ke kaula kūpono H/g, H/h a i ʻole G/h, no nā bolts, nati a me nā kaula hoʻopaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka maʻamau i ʻōlelo ʻia he 6H/6g kūpono.
3. Hoailona pae
ʻO nā ʻāpana geometric koʻikoʻi o ka paʻi ʻana iā ʻoe iho a me nā kaula wili ponoʻī
1. Anawaena nui / anawaena waho (d1) : ke anawaena o ka pahu pohaku noʻonoʻo me nā lei aliʻi i uhi ʻia. ʻO ke anawaena o ka milo e hōʻike ana i ke anawaena inoa o ka nui o ka milo.
2. Ala wāwae/ka anawaena lalo (d2) : ke anawaena o ka puʻukū noʻonoʻo kahi e hili ai ka lalo o ke kaula.
3. Ke kaawale o ka niho (p): pili i ka mamao axial ma waena o ʻelua mau kiko o nā niho pili ma ka laina waena. Ma ka ʻōnaehana imperial, hōʻike ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā niho e ka helu o nā niho i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha (25.4mm).
Ma lalo iho nei nā kikoʻī maʻamau o ka mamao niho (metric) Ka helu o nā niho (inihi)
1) Paʻi ponoʻī iā metric:
Nā mea kiko'ī: ST 1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4.8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Ka mamao niho: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) ʻO nā niho hoʻopaʻa ponoʻī Pelekane:
Nā kikoʻī: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Ka helu o nā niho: AB niho 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Niho A 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10
Ka manawa kau: Oct-08-2022