Ke hana nei au i nā mīkini no nā makahiki he nui, a ua hana au i nā ʻano like ʻoleʻāpana mīkini, ʻāpana hoʻohuliaʻāpana wilima o nā mīkini mīkini CNC a me nā mea hana pololei. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka wili.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā māka hana o nā bolts no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kila i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau māka e like me 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, i waena o nā bolts o ka papa 8.8 a i luna i hana ʻia me ka haʻahaʻa. kalapona kila a i ʻole ke kila kalapona waena a ua mālama ʻia i ka wela (quenching, tempering), i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he mau bolts maʻamau. ʻO ka hōʻailona papa hana bolt he ʻelua ʻāpana o nā helu, e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai ikaika tensile nominal a me ka ratio ikaika o ka mea bolt. ʻo kahi laʻana:
ʻO ke ʻano o nā bolts me ka pae hana 4.6 ʻo ia:
ʻO ka ikaika tensile nominal o ka mea bolt hiki i 400MPa;
ʻO ka lākiō hua o ka mea bolt he 0.6;
ʻO ka ikaika hāʻawi inoa o ka mea bolt hiki i 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa pae.
ʻO nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe 10.9, ma hope o ka mālama wela, hiki ke hiki i:
ʻO ka ikaika tensile nominal o ka mea bolt hiki i 1000MPa;
ʻO ka lākiō hua o ka mea bolt he 0.9;
ʻO ka ikaika hāʻawi inoa o ka mea bolt hiki i 1000 × 0.9 = 900MPa pae.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka papa hana bolt he kūlana honua. Loaʻa ka hana like o nā bolt o ka papa hana like me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻokoʻa o kā lākou mau mea a me nā kumu. Hiki ke koho wale ʻia ka papa hana no ka hoʻolālā ʻana.
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 8.8 a me 10.9 mau māka ikaika, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo 8.8GPa a me 10.9GPa nā māka koʻikoʻi o nā bolts.
8.8 Nominal tensile ikaika 800N/MM2 Nominal yield ikaika 640N/MM2
Hoʻohana nā bolts maʻamau i ka "XY" e hōʻike i ka ikaika, X*100=ikaika tensile o kēia bolt, X*100*(Y/10)=ikaika hua o kēia bolt (no ka mea e like me ka lepili: yield strength/tensile strength =Y/ 10)
E like me ka papa 4.8, ʻo ka ikaika tensile o kēia bolt: 400MPa; ʻO ka ikaika hua: 400 * 8/10 = 320MPa.
ʻO kekahi: hōʻailona pinepine ʻia nā bolts stainless steel e like me A4-70, A2-70, wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano.
ana
ʻElua mau ʻano ana ʻana o ka lōʻihi i ka honua i kēia lā, ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana metric, a ʻo nā ʻāpana ana he mau mika (m), kenimika (cm), millimeters (mm), etc., i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Asia Hikina Hema. e like me ʻEulopa, koʻu ʻāina, a me Iapana, a ʻo kekahi ka ʻōnaehana metric. ʻO ke ʻano ka ʻōnaehana imperial, a ʻo ka ʻāpana o ke ana he mau iniha ka nui, e like me ka ʻōnaehana kahiko ma koʻu ʻāina, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, United Kingdom a me nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.
Ana ana: (pūnaewele decimal) 1m = 100 knm = 1000 mm
Ana ʻīniha: (pūnaewele octal) 1 ʻīniha = 8 ʻīniha 1 ʻīniha = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Hoʻohana ka 1/4 o nā huahana i nā helu e hōʻike i ko lākou mau anawaena inoa, e like me: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#
kaulahao
ʻO ke kaula he ʻano me nā kuhi helical like ʻole ma kahi ʻāpana o kahi ʻili paʻa i waho a i loko paha. Ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona a me kona hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
Loko maʻamau: He triangular ke ʻano o ka niho, hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā milo maʻamau i nā milo koʻikoʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi e like me ka pitch, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika pili o nā milo maikaʻi.
ʻO ke kaula hoʻouna: ʻO ke ʻano niho he trapezoidal, rectangular, saw-shaped a me triangular.
Loko hoʻopaʻa: hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili sila ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka milo paipu, ke kaula liʻiliʻi a me ke kaula paipu liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano:
pae kūpono o ka milo
ʻO ke kūpono o ke kaula ka degere o ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ka paʻa ʻana ma waena o nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpono ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o nā deviations a me nā ʻae ʻana e hana ana i nā kaula i loko a me waho.
1. No nā ʻīniha ʻīniha hoʻokahi, aia ʻekolu mau māka no nā lola waho: 1A, 2A a me 3A, a ʻekolu mau māka no nā lola kūloko: 1B, 2B a me 3B, ʻo ia mau mea a pau he kūpono kūpono. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu helu, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke kūpono. I loko o ka ʻīniha ʻīniha, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana i nā māka 1A a me 2A wale nō, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka papa 3A ʻaʻole ia, a ua like ka ʻae ʻana o ka papa 1A a me ka papa 2A. ʻO ka nui o nā māka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomanawanui.
ʻO nā papa 1A a me 1B, nā papa hoʻomanawanui loa, i kūpono no ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o nā kaula o loko a me waho.
ʻO nā papa 2A a me 2B nā papa hoʻomanawanui maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia no nā mea hoʻopaʻa mīkini imperial series.
ʻO ka papa 3A a me 3B, wili ʻia i mea kūpono loa, kūpono i nā mea hoʻopaʻa me nā ʻae paʻa, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi palekana.
No nā milo o waho, he kūpono ko ka papa 1A a me ka 2A, ʻaʻole hiki i ka papa 3A. He 50% ka nui o ka hoomanawanui o ka Papa 1A ma mua o ka hoomanawanui Papa 2A, 75% ka nui ma mua o ka hoomanawanui Papa 3A, a he 30% ka nui o ka hoomanawanui o ka Papa 2B ma mua o ka hoomanawanui o ka Papa 2A no na kaula o loko. He 50% ka nui o ka Papa 1B ma mua o ka Papa 2B a he 75% ka nui o ka Papa 3B.
2. No nā lola metric, ʻekolu mau māka no nā lola waho: 4h, 6h a me 6g, a ʻekolu māka no nā lola kūloko: 5H, 6H, a me 7H. (Ua māhele ʻia ka papa pololei o ka lola maʻamau Kepanī i ʻekolu mau māka: I, II, a me III, a ʻo ia ka papa II maʻamau.) I ka pae metric, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa kumu o H a me h he zero. He maikaʻi ka haʻalele kumu o G, a he ʻino ka haʻihaʻi kumu o e, f a me g.
ʻO H ke kūlana hoʻomanawanui maʻamau no nā kaula i loko, a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he uhi ʻili, a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia kahi papa phosphating lahilahi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale kumu o ke kūlana G no nā hanana kūikawā, e like me nā uhi ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo g e paʻi i kahi uhi lahilahi o 6-9um. Inā makemake ke kaha kiʻi huahana i ka bolt o 6h, ʻo ke kaula ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hoʻohana i kahi ʻāpana hoʻomanawanui o 6g.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui ʻana o ke kaula i H/g, H/h a i ʻole G/h. No nā kaula o nā mea paʻa i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me nā bolts a me nā nati, ʻōlelo ka maʻamau i kahi kūpono o 6H/6g.
3. Hoailona pae
ʻO nā ʻāpana geometric koʻikoʻi o ka paʻi ʻana iā ia iho a me ka ʻeli ʻana iho
1. ʻO ke anawaena nui/ke anawaena o waho (d1): ʻO ia ke anawaena o ka pahu poʻo noʻonoʻo kahi e kū like ai ka piko o ke kaula. ʻO ke anawaena nui o ka milo e hōʻike ana i ke anawaena nominal o ka nui o ka milo.
2. ʻO ke anawaena liʻiliʻi/ke anawaena aʻa (d2): ʻO ia ke anawaena o ka cylinder noʻonoʻo kahi e kū like ai ka lalo o ke kaula.
3. Ka mamao o ka niho (p): ʻO ia ka mamao axial ma waena o nā niho pili e pili ana i ʻelua kiko ma ka waena waena. Ma ka ʻōnaehana imperial, hōʻike ʻia ka mamao o ka niho e ka helu o nā niho i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha (25.4mm).
Eia ka papa inoa o nā kikoʻī maʻamau o ka pitch niho (system metric) a me ka helu o nā niho (system imperial)
1) Nā niho paʻi ponoʻī metric:
Nā kikoʻī: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Pitch: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) ʻO nā niho hoʻopaʻa ponoʻī Imperial:
Nā kikoʻī: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Ka helu o nā niho: AB niho 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
He niho 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-02-2023