E masani ona fa'afaigaluegaina 'oti vili si'o i le fa'aogaina o mea fa'ai'u laiti ma vaega sa'o i totonu o alamanuia eseese. E sili ona aoga mo galuega e pei o le fa'amama ma le fa'amalo o mea faigaluega.
E mafai ona fa'amatalaina le fa'aogaina o le fa'atūina o fa'ama'i fa'ato'aga e ala i mataupu fa'atatau trigonometric. Lalo, matou te tuʻuina atu ni faʻataʻitaʻiga o polokalame mo faiga masani CNC.
1. Upu Tomua
I le gaosiga moni, e masani ona manaʻomia le faʻamalo o pito ma tulimanu o oloa. E masani ona fa'ataunu'uina lenei mea ile fa'aogaina o auala e tolu: fa'apolokalame fa'apipi'i fa'ai'uga, polokalame fa'apipi'i polo, po'o polokalame fa'ata'ita'i fa'ata'oto. Fa'atasi ai ma polokalame fa'apipi'i fa'ai'uga, o le pito o mea faigaluega e foliga mai e tuai vave, e o'o atu ai i le fa'aitiitia o le ola o meafaigaluega [1]. I le isi itu, e le lelei le faʻaogaina o polokalame faʻapipiʻi polo, ma o auala uma e lua ma le tipi polo e manaʻomia ai polokalame macro tusi lesona, lea e manaʻomia ai se tulaga o tomai mai le tagata faʻatautaia.
I se fa'afeagai, na'o le mana'omia o fetuutuuna'iga i le umi o meafaigaluega ma tau o taui o le laina i totonu o le polokalame fa'auma. O le mea lea ua avea ai le fa'aogaina o faiga fa'ata'ita'i fa'ata'oto e sili ona lelei i le tolu. Ae ui i lea, e masani ona faʻalagolago le au faʻatautaia i le tipiina o faʻataʻitaʻiga e faʻavasega le meafaigaluega. Latou te fuafuaina le umi o meafaigaluega e faʻaaoga ai le Z-direction workpiece trial cut method pe a uma ona faʻatatau i le lautele o meafaigaluega. O lenei faiga e na'o se oloa e tasi e fa'aoga, e mana'omia ai le toe fa'avasegaina pe a sui i se isi oloa. O le mea lea, o loʻo i ai se manaʻoga manino mo le faʻaleleia i le faʻaogaina o meafaigaluega ma auala faʻatulagaina.
2. Fa'atomuaga o tipi fa'ato'aga e fa'aaogaina masani
O le ata 1 o lo'o fa'aalia ai se meafaigaluega fa'apipi'i carbide, lea e masani ona fa'aoga e fa'asa'o ma fa'asolo ai pito o vaega. Fa'amatalaga masani e 60°, 90° ma le 120°.
Ata 1: Tasi fasi carbide chamfering e tasi
Ata 2 o lo'o fa'aalia ai se fa'ato'aga tu'ufa'atasiga pito mill, lea e masani ona fa'aogaina e fa'agasolo ai la'au fa'ato'aga laiti fa'atasi ai ma tulimanu fa'amau i vaega fa'atasi o vaega. Ole pito fa'aoga masani ole mea faigaluega e itiiti ifo ile 30°.
O le Ata 3 o lo'o fa'aalia ai se tipi vili pito lapopo'a ma fa'aofi fa'amaufa'ailoga, lea e masani ona fa'aogaina e fa'agasolo ai vaega fa'alilifa tetele. O le pito pito i luga o meafaigaluega e 15 ° i le 75 ° ma e mafai ona faʻapitoa.
3. Fuafua le metotia fa'atulagaina meafaigaluega
O ituaiga meafaigaluega e tolu o loʻo taʻua i luga e faʻaaogaina le pito i lalo ole meafaigaluega e fai ma faʻamatalaga mo le faʻatulagaina. O le Z-axis ua faʻavaeina o le zero point i luga o le masini masini. O le ata 4 o lo'o fa'aalia ai le fa'atulagaina o meafaigaluega i le itu Z.
O lenei faiga fa'atulagaina meafaigaluega e fesoasoani e fa'amautu le umi o meafaigaluega i totonu o le masini, fa'aitiitia le fesuisuia'i ma fa'alavelave fa'aletonu a tagata e feso'ota'i ma le tipiina o le mea faigaluega.
4. Iloiloga Faavae
O le tipiina e aofia ai le aveeseina o mea faʻasili mai se mea faigaluega e fai ai tupe meataalo, e maua ai se mea faigaluega ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻi foliga, lapoa, ma le maeʻa. O le laasaga muamua i le faʻagasologa o masini o le faʻamautinoa o loʻo fegalegaleai le meafaigaluega ma le mea faigaluega i le faʻamoemoeina, e pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 5.
Ata 5 Fa'a'oti tipi fa'afeso'ota'i ma le mea faigaluega
O le Ata 5 o lo'o fa'aalia ai ina ia mafai e le meafaigaluega ona fa'afeso'ota'i ma le mea faigaluega, e tatau ona tu'uina atu se tulaga fa'apitoa i le pito o meafaigaluega. O lenei tulaga o loʻo faʻatusalia e faʻasalalauga faʻasalalau ma faʻasaga i luga o le vaalele, faʻapea foʻi ma le lautele o meafaigaluega ma le Z-axis faʻamaopoopo i le mea e faʻafesoʻotaʻi ai.
O le malepelepe o le mea faigaluega faʻapipiʻi e faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma le vaega o loʻo faʻaalia i le Ata 6. Faʻailoga A faʻaalia le tulaga manaʻomia. Ole umi ole laina BC ua fa'aigoaina ole LBC, ae ole umi ole laina AB ua ta'ua ole LAB. O iinei, o le LAB o loʻo faʻatusalia le Z-axis coordinate o le meafaigaluega, ma o le LBC o loʻo faʻaalia ai le radius o le meafaigaluega i le nofoaga faʻafesoʻotaʻi.
I le fa'atinoina o masini, o le laina feso'ota'iga a le meafaigaluega po'o lona fa'amaopoopo Z e mafai ona fa'atulaga muamua. Tuuina atu o le pito o meafaigaluega e faʻamautu, o le iloa o se tasi o faʻasologa faʻatulagaina e mafai ai ona faʻatatauina le isi faʻaoga faʻavae trigonometric [3]. O fua fa'atatau e pei ona ta'ua i lalo: LBC = LAB * tan(su'ega pito o meafaigaluega/2) ma le LAB = LBC / tan(su'ega pito o meafaigaluega/2).
Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, i le faʻaaogaina o se tasi fasi carbide chamfering cutter, afai tatou te manatu o le meafaigaluega Z coordinate e -2, e mafai ona tatou fuafuaina le radii faʻafesoʻotaʻi mo meafaigaluega eseese e tolu: o le fesoʻotaʻiga radius mo le 60 ° chamfering cutter o le 2 * tan(30° ) = 1.155 mm, mo se tipi tipi 90° e 2 * tan(45°) = 2 mm, ma mo se 120 ° chamfering tipi e 2 * tan(60°) = 3.464 mm.
I le isi itu, afai tatou te manatu o le radius faʻafesoʻotaʻi meafaigaluega e 4.5 mm, e mafai ona tatou faʻatusatusa le faʻamaopoopo Z mo meafaigaluega e tolu: o le Z faʻamaopoopo mo le 60 ° chamfer milling cutter o le 4.5 / tan(30°) = 7.794, mo le 90° chamfer. vili viliina e 4.5 / tan(45°) = 4.5, ma mo le 120° chamfer milling tipi e 4.5 / tan(60°) = 2.598.
O le ata 7 o lo'o fa'aalia ai le vaeluaga o le fa'atauga pito tasi i le fa'afeso'ota'i ma le vaega. E le pei o le tasi fasi carbide chamfer cutter, o le tasi fasi tulimanu pito mill o loʻo faʻaalia ai le laʻititi laʻititi i le pito, ma o le laina fesoʻotaʻiga meafaigaluega e tatau ona fuafua e pei o (LBC + meafaigaluega laʻititi diameter / 2). O le auala fa'atatau fa'atatau o lo'o fa'amatalaina i lalo.
O le fua fa'atatau e fa'atatau ai le laina fa'afeso'ota'i mea faigaluega e aofia ai le fa'aogaina o le umi (L), komi (A), lautele (B), ma le fa'amauina o le afa o le pito pito i luga o meafaigaluega, fa'atasi ma le afa o le lapoa la'ititi. I le isi itu, o le mauaina o le Z-axis coordinate e aofia ai le toesea o le afa o le lautele laʻititi mai le laina fesoʻotaʻi meafaigaluega ma vaevae le taunuuga i le paʻu o le afa o le pito o le meafaigaluega. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le faʻaaogaina o se faʻaoga tuʻufaʻatasiga pito i luga ma ni fua faʻapitoa, e pei o le Z-axis coordinate o le -2 ma se laʻititi laʻititi o le 2mm, o le a maua mai ai le faʻafesoʻotaʻi vaʻavaʻa eseese mo vaʻa tipi i itu eseese: o le tipi 20 ° e maua ai se radius. o le 1.352mm, o le 15 ° tipi e ofoina atu le 1.263mm, ma le 10 ° tipi e maua ai 1.175mm.
Afai tatou te mafaufau i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina ai le laina fesoʻotaʻiga meafaigaluega i le 2.5mm, o le faʻaogaina o le Z-axis faʻatasi mo le faʻapipiʻiina o tipi o tikeri eseese e mafai ona faʻapipiʻiina e pei ona taua i lalo: mo le 20 ° cutter, e fuafua i le 8.506, mo le 15 °. tipi i le 11.394, ma mo le 10 ° tipi, o le lautele 17.145.
O lenei metotia e fa'aaoga pea i fuainumera eseese po'o fa'ata'ita'iga, fa'amamafa le laasaga muamua o le fa'amautinoaina o le lautele o le meafaigaluega. Pe a fuafuaina leCNC masinifuafuaga, o le fa'ai'uga i le va o le fa'amuamua o le mea faigaluega fa'atulagaina po'o le fetuunaiga o le Z-axis e a'afia e levaega alumini's design. I fa'ata'ita'iga e fa'aalia ai e le vaega se fa'ailoga la'asaga, o le aloese mai le fa'alavelave i le mea faigaluega e ala i le fetu'una'i o le fa'amaopoopo Z e fa'atauaina. O le isi itu, mo vaega e leai ni fa'ailoga la'a, o le filifili mo se laina fa'afeso'ota'i mea faigaluega e sili atu ona lelei, fa'ateleina le fa'auma maualuga po'o le fa'aleleia atili o le fa'aogaina o masini.
O fa'ai'uga e fa'atatau i le fetu'una'iga o le 'ele'ele o meafaigaluega fa'asaga i le fa'aopoopoina o le fua fafaga Z e fa'atatau i mana'oga fa'apitoa mo le va'a ma le mamao o lo'o fa'ailoa mai i le ata o le vaega.
5. Faataitaiga Polokalama
Mai le au'ili'iliga o ta'iala o le fa'atatauina o mea e fa'afeso'ota'i ai meafaigaluega, e fa'ailoa mai ai pe a fa'aogaina se fa'ato'aga fa'ameamea mo le fa'aogaina o mea fa'aitu, ua lava le fa'avaeina o le pito o le meafaigaluega, le laititi la'ititi o le meafaigaluega, ma le Z-axis. tau fa'atulagaina o meafaigaluega po'o le fa'asologa o meafaigaluega.
O le vaega o loʻo mulimuli mai o loʻo faʻamatalaina ai le fesuiaiga o tofiga mo le FANUC #1, #2, Siemens CNC system R1, R2, Okuma CNC system VC1, VC2, ma le Heidenhain system Q1, Q2, Q3. O lo'o fa'aalia ai pe fa'apefea ona fa'apolokalame vaega fa'apitoa e fa'aaoga ai le fa'aogaina o auala fa'apipi'i fa'apolokalame o masini ta'itasi CNC. O fa'asologa fa'aoga mo ta'iala e mafai ona fa'apolokalameina o le FANUC, Siemens, Okuma, ma Heidenhain CNC faiga o lo'o fa'amatala auiliiliina ile Laulau 1 i le 4.
Fa'aaliga:P o loʻo faʻaalia ai le numera o taui meafaigaluega, ae o le R o loʻo faʻaalia ai le tau o taui meafaigaluega i le faʻatonuga atoatoa (G90).
O lenei tusiga o loʻo faʻaaogaina auala e lua: faʻasologa numera 2 ma numera faʻasologa 3. O le Z-axis coordinate e faʻaaogaina le umi o meafaigaluega e faʻaogaina ai le tau, ae o le fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga meafaigaluega e faʻaogaina ai le meafaigaluega radius geometry compensation method.
Fa'aaliga:I le faʻatonuga o faʻatonuga, "2" o loʻo faʻaalia ai le numera meafaigaluega, aʻo le "1" e faʻaalia ai le numera pito o meafaigaluega.
O lenei tusiga o loʻo faʻaaogaina auala faʻapipiʻi e lua, faʻapitoa le numera 2 ma le numera 3, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻamaopoopoina o le Z-axis ma auala faʻafesoʻotaʻi fesoʻotaʻiga o taui o loʻo tumau pea ma mea na taʻua muamua.
O le Heidenhain CNC system e mafai ai ona fetuunai tuusaʻo i le umi o meafaigaluega ma le radius pe a uma ona filifilia le meafaigaluega. O le DL1 o lo'o fa'atusalia ai le umi o meafaigaluega na fa'atuputeleina i le 1mm, a'o le DL-1 o lo'o fa'ailoa mai ai le umi o meafaigaluega na fa'aitiitia i le 1mm. O le faʻavae mo le faʻaaogaina o le DR e ogatasi ma metotia ua taʻua i luga.
Mo fa'amoemoega fa'ata'ita'iga, o faiga uma a le CNC o le a fa'aogaina se li'o φ40mm e fai ma fa'ata'ita'iga mo polokalame fa'ata'oto. O le faʻataʻitaʻiga polokalame o loʻo tuʻuina atu i lalo.
5.1 Fanuc CNC fa'ata'ita'iga polokalame polokalame
A fa'atulaga le #1 i le tau fa'atulagaina i le itu Z, #2 = #1*tan (mata'itusi pito i luga o meafaigaluega/2) + (laiti laiti), ma o le polokalame e fa'apea.
G10L11P (numera taui meafaigaluega umi) R-#1
G10L12P (numera taui meafaigaluega) R#2
G0X25Y10G43H (numera taui meafaigaluega umi) Z0G01
G41D (numera taui meafaigaluega) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0 I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
A fa'atulaga le #1 i le laina fa'afeso'ota'i, #2 = [radius fa'afeso'ota'i - fa'alaiti laiti]/tan (matagi pito meafaigaluega/2), ma o le polokalame e fa'apea.
G10L11P (numera taui meafaigaluega umi) R-#2
G10L12P (numera taui meafaigaluega) R#1
G0X25Y10G43H (numera taui meafaigaluega umi) Z0
G01G41D (numera taui meafaigaluega) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
I le polokalame, pe a fa'ailogaina le umi o le vaega fa'asaga i le itu Z, o le R i le vaega o le polokalame G10L11 o le "-#1-fa'aitu i luga Z-fa'atonuga umi"; pe a faailogaina le umi o le vaega fa'asaga i luga o le itu faalava, R i le vaega G10L12 polokalame o le "+#1-fa'ala'au fa'a'ai'au umi umi".
5.2 Siemens CNC fa'ata'ita'iga polokalame polokalame
Pe a R1=Z fa'atulagaina le tau, R2=R1tan(meafaigaluega pito pito/2)+(laiti radius), o le polokalame e faapea.
TC_DP12[numera meafaigaluega, numera pito meafaigaluega]=-R1
TC_DP6[numera meafaigaluega, numera pito o meafaigaluega]=R2
G0X25Y10
Z0
G01G41D(numera taui meafaigaluega)X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
A R1 = feso'ota'iga radius, R2 = [R1-laiti radius]/tan(mea faigaluega pito tulimanu/2), o le polokalame e faapea.
TC_DP12[numera meafaigaluega, numera pito pito]=-R2
TC_DP6[numera meafaigaluega, numera pito pito]=R1
G0X25Y10
Z0
G01G41D (numera taui meafaigaluega) X20F1000Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
I totonu o le polokalame, pe a faailoga le umi o le vaega bevel i le itu Z, o le TC_DP12 vaega polokalame o le "-R1-bevel Z-le umi o le itu"; pe a faailogaina le umi o le vaega bevel i le itu faalava, o le vaega polokalame TC_DP6 "+ R1-bevel umi faalava".
5.3 Okuma CNC faiga fa'ata'ita'iga polokalame A VC1 = Z preset tau, VC2 = VC1tan (tool tip angle / 2) + (laiti radius), o le polokalame e fa'apea.
VTOFH [numera taui meafaigaluega] = -VC1
VTOFD [numera taui meafaigaluega] = VC2
G0X25Y10
G56Z0
G01G41D (numera taui meafaigaluega) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
A VC1 = fa'afeso'ota'i radius, VC2 = (VC1-laiti radius) / tan (mea fa'aoga pito pito / 2), o le polokalama e fa'apea.
VTOFH (numera taui meafaigaluega) = -VC2
VTOFD (numera taui meafaigaluega) = VC1
G0X25Y10
G56Z0
G01G41D (numera taui meafaigaluega) X20F1000
Y0
G02X20Y0I-20
G01Y-10
G0Z50
I totonu o le polokalame, pe a faailoga le umi o le vaega bevel i le itu Z, o le VTOFH polokalame vaega o le "-VC1-bevel Z-direction umi"; pe a faailoga le umi o le vaega bevel i le itu faalava, o le VTOFD vaega polokalame o le "+ VC1-bevel umi faalava".
5.4 Fa'ata'ita'iga fa'apolokalame a le Heidenhain CNC system
A Q1 = Z preset tau, Q2 = Q1tan(meafaigaluega pito pito / 2) + (laiti radius), Q3 = Q2-mea faigaluega radius, o le polokalame e faapea.
TOOL "Numera meafaigaluega/igoa meafaigaluega"DL-Q1 DR Q3
L X25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAXL X20 R
L F1000
L Y0
CC X0Y0
C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
A Q1 = feso'ota'iga radius, Q2 = (VC1-laiti radius)/tan(mea faigaluega pito tulimanu/2), Q3=Q1-mea faigaluega alalaupapa, o le polokalame e faapea.
TOOL "Numera meafaigaluega/igoa meafaigaluega" DL-Q2 DR Q3
L X25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAX
L X20 RL F1000
L Y0
CC X0Y0
C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
I le polokalame, pe a faailogaina le umi o le vaega bevel i le itu Z, DL o le "-Q1-bevel Z-direction length"; pe a faailoga le umi o le vaega bevel i le itu faalava, DR "+ Q3-bevel umi faalava".
6. Fa'atusatusaga o taimi fa'agaioiga
O faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga ma faʻatusatusaga faʻatusatusaga o metotia faʻagaioiga e tolu o loʻo faʻaalia i le Laulau 5. E mafai ona vaʻaia o le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o le angle milling cutter mo polokalame faʻataʻitaʻiga e maua ai le puʻupuʻu o le taimi o gaioiga ma sili atu le lelei o luga.
O le faʻaogaina o le faʻapipiʻiina o faʻamaʻi viliina e faʻafeiloaʻi ai luitau o loʻo feagai ma polokalame faʻapipiʻi pito i luga ma polokalame faʻapipiʻi polo, e aofia ai le manaʻoga mo tagata faʻapitoa faʻapitoa, faʻaitiitia le ola o meafaigaluega, ma le maualalo o le gaosiga lelei. E ala i le faʻatinoina o le faʻatulagaina o meafaigaluega ma faiga faʻapolokalame, e faʻaititia le taimi o sauniuniga, e taʻitaʻia ai le faʻaleleia atili o le gaosiga.
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